English translation of the slogan of World Food Day

World Food Day (WFD for short) is a day when governments around the world hold commemorative activities around the development of food and agricultural production on June 65438+10/October 65438+June 6. World Food Remembrance Day was held in June 5438+0979165438+10. The 20th General Assembly of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (hereinafter referred to as "FAO") decided that June 5438+098 1 16 would be the first World Food Day commemoration day. Since then, on this day every year, people will carry out various commemorative activities for World Food Day.

Edit the source of this paragraph.

During the period of 1972, a worldwide food crisis occurred due to the worldwide crop failure caused by two consecutive years of abnormal climate, and the Soviet Union snapped up a large number of grain. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations held the first and second food congresses in 1973 and 1974, in order to attract the world's attention, especially the attention of the third world on food and agricultural production. However, the problem has not been solved, and the world food situation has become more severe. It is against this background that the resolution of "World Food Day" was made.

We chose 65438+ 10/6 as World Food Day because FAO was founded on 1945 65438+ 10/6.

In its resolution on World Food Day, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations requires governments to organize various lively celebrations on June 65438+1October 65438+June 6 every year. 19811016 The first World Food Day, countries all over the world paid unprecedented attention to it. Global 150 countries held large-scale celebrations; More than 60 countries have issued 120 commemorative stamps with the theme of World Food Day, and 33 countries have minted more than 60 commemorative coins, totaling 200 million. This shows that people all over the world care about food and agriculture. Since 198 1 the first World Food Day, the government of China has attached great importance to it, and departments such as agriculture, food, land reclamation, forestry, light industry, water conservancy, health, meteorology and family planning commission have actively participated in this activity. Now, the annual 65438+ 10 June has become a day to arouse people's attention to food and agriculture.

Edit the background of this paragraph "World Food Day"

"Food is the most important thing for the people", and grain has always played an irreplaceable basic role in the whole national economy.

How many people are starving in the world now? Since its establishment, FAO has conducted five "World Food Surveys" irregularly. The conclusion drawn from these surveys is that hunger has not been eliminated, but is expanding. In a report in the early 1980s, the United Nations Population Fund estimated that the world's grain output could feed 6 billion people at that time. But during the same period, 450 million people around the world went hungry. There were only about 4.5 billion people in the world at that time. From 65438 to 0995, the world population increased to 5.7 billion, and the number of hungry people increased to 1 100 million.

Since19th century, there have been two views on food, namely, blindly optimistic and pessimistic. At the end of 19 and the beginning of the 20th century, pessimism dominated. After the 1940s, with the improvement of the world grain situation, pessimism was gradually replaced by blind optimism. By the early 1970s, drought, crop failure and food crisis occurred all over the world. The cruel reality swept away blind optimism. The birth of "World Food Day" shows that mankind has a correct understanding of food problems, and countries around the world have begun to pay enough attention to the development of food and agricultural production.

Edit the impact of grain production on the environment in this paragraph.

Since the 20th century, the speed of world population growth has been accelerating, especially since the Second World War, which has doubled every 37 years. Coupled with the need of rapid economic growth, the food supply has been under unprecedented heavy pressure.

During the period of 1955- 1985, the world grain output more than doubled, but the cultivated land area only increased by 15% in the same period. These data illustrate two problems: first, the increase of grain output is not only due to the increase of cultivated land, but also through the excessive use of land; Second, due to the overuse of cultivated land, soil erosion and desertification have been caused, and finally some cultivated land has to be abandoned.

The fertility of the land is mainly maintained by the intermittent leisure of the land to regenerate nutrients. Due to the increase of population pressure, more food must be produced, and the area of leisure farmland must be reduced, which makes the soil more and more barren and even completely lose its production capacity with the passage of time. In order to increase the fertility of land, applying a large amount of chemical fertilizer is one of the only technical means to increase grain output in the world today. However, the harm of chemical fertilizers to the environment has always been ignored. No chemical fertilizer applied in farmland can be fully absorbed and utilized by plants. The average utilization rate of chemical fertilizer for various crops is: nitrogen 40% ~ 50%; Phosphorus10% ~ 20%; 30% ~ 50% potassium. Excessive chemical fertilizer poses a great threat to the living environment of human beings.

1。 Pollution of chemical fertilizer on water body

One of the most serious consequences caused by excessive nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus is eutrophication of water bodies. Eutrophication of water body is a natural process of water body aging, but chemical fertilizer has greatly accelerated this process.

Another serious consequence is the pollution of groundwater. Nitrate and nitrite in chemical fertilizer move with the water flow in soil or enter groundwater through soil layer.

2。 Pollution of chemical fertilizer on soil

Long-term excessive and simple application of chemical fertilizers will acidify or alkalize the soil; In addition, some mineral raw materials and chemical raw materials used to make fertilizers contain a variety of heavy metals, radioactive substances and other harmful components, which enter the farmland with fertilization and cause soil pollution. For example, the application of phosphate fertilizer will inevitably bring harmful substances such as cadmium, strontium, fluorine, uranium, radium and thorium to the soil. Excessive application of phosphate fertilizer will make the cadmium content in soil dozens or even hundreds of times higher than that in general soil. Some fertilizers also contain organic pollutants, such as ammonia water, which often contains a large amount of phenol, especially ammonia water produced by waste gas from coking plants, which contains more than one thousandth of phenol, which causes phenol pollution in the soil after application.

3。 Pollution of chemical fertilizer to the atmosphere

The air pollution caused by chemical fertilizers is mainly caused by the decomposition of nitrogen fertilizer into ammonia and N2O during denitrification. Nitrogen oxide gas enters the atmosphere, which deteriorates the air quality. Specifically, nitrous oxide gas is stable in the troposphere, can rise to the stratosphere, and has a double reaction with ozone under photochemical action:

N2O+O3-》； Nitric oxide+oxygen

NO+02-》； NO2 + O2

This reaction consumes ozone and destroys the ozone layer. It is speculated that by the year 2000, ozone will be reduced by 2% due to the application of nitrogen fertilizer.

4。 Offshore organisms are threatened by chemical fertilizers.

The loss of a large number of chemical fertilizers provides rich nutritional conditions for the reproduction of "red tide organisms" and has become one of the main inducing reasons for the occurrence of marine red tides. The occurrence of red tide destroys the ecosystem of the sea area, leading to poisoning or death of fish and shellfish.

5。 Fertilizers can also damage forests.

Recently, many countries in western Europe have found that a large number of trees are dying in some agricultural planting areas far away from industrial areas and traffic trunk lines. The investigation confirmed that the irritating ammonia released by the extensive use of nitrogen fertilizer is another "culprit" that leads to forest death besides acid rain.

After ammonia is absorbed by plant leaves, it will form basic ammonia ions, accumulate in plants, interfere with important metabolic processes, damage plant leaf cells, and hinder plant photosynthesis and growth. In some cases, the leaves of plants will be damaged by ammonia, while in other cases, "ammonia poisoning" will cause a large area of leaves to die. There are ammonia and nitrogen oxides, which have synergistic effect on plant damage and are more toxic.

6。 Effects of pesticides on the environment

In order to ensure food production and prevent pests and diseases, pesticides have been widely used. According to the FAO survey, if pesticides are not used, half of the world's total grain output will be swallowed up by various diseases, insects and weeds. Pesticides were used, but only about 15% of the loss was recovered. Pesticides are not only beneficial to human beings, but also harmful to the environment.

At present, there are about 500 kinds of pesticides in the world. With the widespread use of various pesticides, the result is often that pests and beneficial insects are eliminated together, and the drug resistance of pests is getting stronger and stronger, and finally the dosage has to be continuously increased. Only about 65,438+00-30% of pesticides really act on agricultural pests, about 20-30% enter the atmosphere and water, and about 50-60% remain in the soil.

Using a large amount of pesticides or using the same pesticide for a long time will make many pests resistant, and continuous use of pesticides will also kill beneficial insects and birds. Therefore, the unreasonable use of pesticides can not only completely solve the problem of agricultural pests and diseases, but also make many originally harmless or uncontrollable pests difficult to control. In this way, it is possible to increase the dosage of pesticides, form a vicious circle, and the damage and pollution to the ecological environment will gradually increase.

7。 Effect of agricultural irrigation on soil

The importance and necessity of agricultural irrigation are well known. Now let's look at the negative effects of irrigation. Agricultural irrigation accelerates soil erosion, leading to soil hardening and salinization.

8。 Influence of Agricultural Irrigation on Water Environment

Through erosion and leaching of farmland soil, irrigation water will carry dirt particles, minerals, alkali and salt, bacteria, viruses, pesticides and fertilizers, and domestic sewage around irrigation areas into rivers or lakes through drainage ditches, which will pollute surface water, increase the salinity and turbidity of water, and affect the contents of nutrients such as odor, PH value, temperature, nitrogen and phosphorus. Irrigation water will also pollute groundwater when it seeps into soil.

9。 Influence of irrigation water on geological environment

Because irrigation water depends on groundwater to a great extent, and the recharge of groundwater is very slow, deep groundwater is usually considered as a non-renewable resource. Over-exploitation of groundwater leads to the decline of groundwater level, forming a large funnel area, causing ground subsidence and collapse, a large number of motor wells being scrapped, and seawater intrusion in coastal areas.

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Humans have racked their brains to increase food production. Since 1970s, the cultivation technique of plastic film mulching has appeared in the world, which has promoted the increase of grain production. However, it has caused the so-called "white pollution" of the agricultural ecological environment. At present, most of the plastic films used are polymer compounds made of polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride, which are extremely difficult to decompose in nature. Fragments of residual film in soil can exist for 400 years. Too much residual film will reduce the permeability and fertility of soil.

After all means have been exhausted, in order to get the food necessary for life, people continue to burn forests and open up cultivated land and pasture. About 200 million hectares of forests in the world have been reclaimed as cultivated land, and about 300 million people make a living from it. The ecological environment supported by forests is seriously threatened.

Thoughts on editing this paragraph to commemorate World Food Day

On the earth where we live, not only animals and plants, but also varieties of crops are decreasing day by day. In ancient times, farmers planted thousands of crops, but now only about 150 crops are widely planted and become people's main food sources. Among them, corn, wheat and rice account for about 60%, while most other crop varieties are endangered.

With the increase of crop varieties and the explosive growth of the world population, the world food supply is becoming more and more fragile.

Since Malthus published "On Population" in 1798, people have different views on his prediction. 1968, paul ehrlich published the Population Bomb. 1972, The Club of Rome published The Limit of Growth. Both books further express the concern that unlimited population growth will lead to mass famine. Some people hold different views on this view, thinking that people can not only consume, but also produce much more things than consumption. In the late 1970s, Lester Brown of the Worldwatch Institute in Washington, USA, believed that farmers and ranchers all over the world had exhausted their methods to increase production, but the production of rice and wheat began to decline. Elsewhere in Asia, rice researchers have failed to significantly increase crop yields for more than 20 years.

At present, the world population is increasing at an annual rate of 96,543.8 billion. How long can the earth provide "enough" food for mankind? Many people study in anxiety.

Based on people's understanding of the difficulties faced by global food production and the environmental problems brought about by excessive pursuit of food production, many governments attach great importance to holding World Food Day. On this day, heads of state of some countries gave speeches, some countries held commemorative meetings or published commemorative articles, and scientific research institutions of some countries published scientific research achievements in food and agriculture and held scientific seminars to raise people's attention and research on a series of problems caused by food and food.

What should non-governmental environmental organizations do today? It is worth thinking about.

Edit this paragraph "World Food Survey"

How many people are starving in the world? The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations has conducted five "World Food Surveys" irregularly since its establishment. The conclusion drawn from these survey data is that hunger has not been eliminated, but has been expanding. 1946 "The First World Food Survey" targeted 70 countries (accounting for 90% of the world's total population) before the Second World War, defined malnutrition as "the average daily calorie intake was less than 2,250 calories" and concluded that about half of the world's population was malnourished. 1952 "The Second World Food Survey" takes 70 countries from 1946 to 1948 after the end of World War II as objects, and draws the conclusion that the overall nutrition level is lower than that before the war. Except for North America, Europe and Oceania, all regions failed to reach the benchmark level. 1963 The third world food survey targeted 80 countries from 1957 to 1959, and concluded that 60% of the population in developing countries were malnourished. 1977 the data of 1972 ~ 1974 were statistically analyzed in the fourth world food survey, and the survey scope was expanded to 162 countries. The conclusion is that 455 million people in the world are malnourished, and 65,438+0/4 people in developing countries belong to this range, especially children and women. From the perspective of the deterioration of the world food situation, this is undoubtedly a warning.

1986 The results of the fifth world food survey are: 1 12 developing countries (except socialist countries such as China), 1979 ~ 198 1 year, there are 335-449 million people suffering from malnutrition. The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) announced in the early 1980s that the world's grain output could feed 6 billion people at that time. But at the same time, the world population is only about 4.5 billion, but 450 million people are hungry. From 65438 to 0995, the world population increased to 5.7 billion, and the number of hungry people increased to 1 100 million. 1972, due to the abnormal climate, the world's grain harvest failed for two consecutive years, and the former Soviet Union snapped up a large number of grain, resulting in a worldwide food crisis. 1973 and 1974, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations held the first and second food congresses in succession, in order to draw the world's attention, especially that of the third world, to food and agricultural production. However, the problem has not been solved, and the world food situation has become more severe. According to the forecast at that time, the world food will still tend to be in short supply in the 1980s. The resolution of the FAO Conference on World Food Day was made against the background of the increasingly sharp contradiction between world food supply and demand.

In 1996, FAO defined the theme of World Food Day as "Overcoming Hunger and Malnutrition", and in 1997, it defined the theme as "Investing in food security", aiming at mobilizing world forces, increasing agricultural input and enhancing the effective supply capacity of food. Based on people's knowledge and understanding of the difficulties faced by global food production and the environmental problems caused by excessive pursuit of food production, many governments attach great importance to organizing World Food Day. On this day, some heads of state gave speeches, some countries held commemorative meetings and published commemorative articles, and some national scientific research institutions published scientific research results on food and agriculture and held scientific seminars to raise people's awareness of the importance of food and agriculture, thus promoting the development of food and forestry, animal husbandry and fishery.

Edit this food situation in China.

China is a big agricultural country with a large population. Our government has always attached great importance to the food problem, and has always placed the development of food and agricultural production and solving the problem of people's food and clothing in the most important position. Since the founding of New China, especially since the reform and opening up, China's grain production has made great progress, with 7% of the world's cultivated land supporting 22% of the world's population, creating a miracle of realizing basic self-sufficiency in grain under the national conditions of large population and small land. To sum up the basic experience of increasing grain output in China, it is mainly to insist on putting agriculture in the first place in economic work, formulate agricultural development policies in line with national conditions, mobilize and protect farmers' enthusiasm for production, and increase investment in agriculture by relying on scientific and technological progress. At present, China is in the stage of rapid industrialization, and its population is still increasing. To meet the people's growing demand for food and continuously improve people's living standards, agriculture in China is facing a very arduous task. Our basic policy is to achieve basic self-sufficiency in grain based on domestic resources. To achieve this goal, we must stabilize the basic policies of the Party and the government in rural areas, deepen rural reform, increase agricultural investment through multiple channels, strengthen the construction of agricultural infrastructure, protect and improve the agricultural ecological environment, continuously promote the progress of agricultural science and technology, actively develop agricultural industrialization, form an organic combination and mutual promotion mechanism of production, processing and sales, and promote the transformation of agriculture into commercialization, specialization and modernization.

Edit the theme of this calendar year

* 198 1 food first place.

* 1982 food first

* 1983 food security

* 1984 women's participation in agriculture

* 1985 rural poverty

* 1986 fishermen and fishing communities

* 1987 small farmers

* 1988 rural youth

* 1989 food and environment

* 1990 preparing for the future

* 199 1 Tree of Life

* 1992 food and nutrition

* 1993 harvesting natural diversity

* 1994 water of life

* 1995 Everyone has food.

* 1996 Eliminating hunger and malnutrition

* 1997 food security investment

* 1998 women support the world

* 1999 Eliminating Youth Hunger

The year 2000 is a millennium without hunger.

:: Eliminating hunger and reducing poverty 200 1.

Water: the Source of Food Security in 2002

Biodiversity promotes food security in 2004.

:: Agriculture and Intercultural Dialogue in 2005

:: Invest in agriculture in 2006 to promote food security and benefit the whole world.

:: The right to food in 2007

World food security in 2008: the challenge of climate change and bioenergy.