What are subject, predicate, object, adverbial, attribute and predication in English?

English sentence components include subject, predicate, predicate, object, object complement, attribute, adverbial and so on.

1 theme

The subject indicates the person or thing that the sentence mainly explains, and is generally acted by nouns, pronouns, numerals, infinitives, etc.

He likes watching TV. Six minus two equals four. (Numbers as the subject)

I'll believe that when I see it. Seeing is believing. (Gerund as subject)

2. Predication

Predicates describe the action, state or characteristics of the subject. Generally can be divided into two categories:

1), simple predicate

Consists of verbs (or phrasal verbs). There can be different tenses, voices and moods.

I am eating an apple. I ate an apple yesterday. I will eat an apple tomorrow.

2) compound predicate: "modal verb+verb prototype"

I can speak English. You must stay at home this weekend.

3. Predication

Predicate is a part of predicate, which is located after be and other verbs, indicating the identity, characteristics, attributes or state of the subject. Generally, it is nouns, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, infinitives, prepositional phrases, etc.

My sister is a nurse. My sister is a nurse. )

Words used as predicative include nouns, pronouns, numerals, adjectives, adverbs, infinitives, phrases and clauses. The most commonly used copula verbs in this structure are be, look (look), sound (sound), smell (smell), taste (taste), feel (feel) and see (look). Keep, keep, become, change, get, go. When the connecting verb is not be, but followed by a noun and pronoun, we should express the meaning of "change" and pay attention to the difference between it and the verb-object relationship.

Sensory verbs can be used as connecting verbs: look good/look good, sound good/sound good, feel good/feel good, smell bad/smell bad.

Tom is a boy. (Tom is a boy)/The subject is Tom, the copula is the third person singular of the be verb, and the predicate is a boy.

This table is hers. Pronouns are predicative and numerals are predicative.

Sarah's car looks good. Our plan is to plant trees. The infinitive of the verb is used as a predicative.

Is your father at home? Adverbs indicating places are used as predications.

4.Object: the object representing the action, followed by a transitive verb.

Nouns, pronouns, numerals and infinitives can all be used as objects.

Tom is eating apples.

Some transitive verbs can take two objects, one refers to the person and the other refers to the object.

Those who refer to people are called indirect objects, and those who refer to things are called direct objects.

He gave me some ink. He gave me some ink.

☆ Some transitive verbs need a complement after the object to have a complete meaning.

The object and its complement form a compound object. We elected him as our monitor. We elected him monitor.

5. Attributive: The elements that modify nouns or pronouns in a sentence are called attributives.

Adjectives, pronouns, numerals, nouns, adverbs, infinitives and prepositional phrases are mainly used as attributes. Adjectives, pronouns, numerals, nouns, etc. When used as an attribute, it is usually placed in front of the modified word.

He is a new student. He is a freshman.

But when adverbs, infinitives and prepositional phrases are used as attributes, they are placed after the modified words.

The bike in the room is mine. The bike in the room is mine.

The little boy needs a blue pen. (little modifies the noun boy; Blue modifies the noun pen )

Numerals as attributives are equivalent to adjectives: they are placed before the nouns they modify. Two boys need two pens. /Two boys need two pens.

Pronouns or nouns and possessive cases of nouns are used as attributes: they are placed before the modified nouns.

His boy needs Tom's pen. His boy needs Tom's pen.

The boy needs a ballpoint pen. /The boy needs a ballpoint pen.

The boy there needs a pen. /The boy there needs a pen.

Attributive clause: placed after the modified noun.

The boy who is reading needs the pen that you bought yesterday. The boy who is reading needs the pen you bought yesterday.

The boy you will know is Tom. The boy you will know is Tom.

6. Adverbial: Verbs, adjectives, adverbs and sentence elements that modify the whole sentence.

Adverbs, prepositional phrases, infinitives and clauses are usually used as adverbials. Adverbials are usually placed after modifiers or at the end of sentences. Adverbs as adverbials can be placed before modifiers or at the beginning of sentences.

He lives in London. He lives in London. He works on weekends. He works on weekdays.

Adverb (phrase) as adverbial: The boy needs a pen now. /Now, the boy needs a pen. /The boy needs a pen now. (adverbial of time)

The boy needs a pen in the classroom. /In the classroom, the boy needs a pen. Place adverbial

He sat there and asked for a pen. /He sat there asking for a pen. (indicate accompanying state)

The boy needs a pen to do his homework. /The boy needs a pen to do his homework. [adverbial of purpose]

Five basic sentence patterns in English:

Basic sentence pattern 1: S V (subject+predicate) The dog is asleep.

Basic sentence pattern 2: S V P (subject+predicate+table) Tony is a student.

Basic sentence pattern 3: S V O (subject+predicate+object) Tony is singing.

Basic sentence pattern 4: S V o O (subject+predicate+indirect object+direct object) Tony gave me a pen.

Basic sentence pattern 5: S V O C (subject+predicate+object+object complement) We elected Tony as our monitor.

See if you can figure it out ~ If you don't know, you can ask directly! I hope it helps you!