Design and construction of BIM technology (1)?

design and construction of BIM technology (I) The wave of informatization is revolutionizing the whole engineering survey and design industry. From digital modeling to the application of building life cycle, BIM technology is maturing. The source of BIM is design, and the precondition for the integration of design and construction is also design. As the leader of the construction industry chain, design enterprises play a leading role in the implementation of BIM technology. With the whole society paying more attention to energy conservation, environmental protection and sustainable development, architectural design enterprises should resist the pressure, broaden their horizons, actively use information technologies such as BIM and cloud, and seek breakthroughs in improving building quality, building industrialization, green building and whole-process service. 1. Introduction to BIM 1. BIM Concept and Significance Building Information Modeling (hereinafter referred to as BIM) has become one of the hottest terms in the construction and engineering industry worldwide. Searching for "BIM" or "building information model" through search engines such as google can return millions of results, involving government agencies, construction industry, scientific research institutions, etc., and the social attention to it can be seen. The word BIM was first put forward by a leading international computer software technology supplier. In fact, the theory of building information model technology in fact has been developed in Europe and America for more than 3 years before BIM appeared. Manufacturing giants Toyota Motor Corporation and Boeing Company have improved their production efficiency through information model design technology, which laid a solid foundation for commercial success and created corporate myths. The technical application of early building information model was mainly concentrated in the fields of manufacturing and aerospace industry, such as industrial design, automobile design, aircraft and spacecraft design, etc., but it was not popularized due to the environmental restrictions at that time. In recent years, with the breakthrough progress of 3D engineering aided drawing software and the timely appearance of BIM terms, the hope of industrial reform in the industry has been aroused. Regarding the definition of BIM, many organizations have interpreted the concept of BIM, including software companies, construction companies, industry associations and authoritative encyclopedias. The NBIMS (National Building Information Model Standard) led by the American Academy of Building Research and the Facility Information Committee defines BIM as follows: "A building information model is a digital representation of physical and functional characterization. s of a facility. As such it serves as a shared knowledge resource for information about a facility forming a reliable basis for decisions during its life-cycle from inception onward.”。 This definition is an authoritative interpretation of BIM at present, which has been widely recognized in the industry. The general idea is that the building information model is a digital representation of the physical and functional characteristics of facilities, and it can be used as a source of information to provide information services for the whole life cycle of the project from the initial stage of the project, and the sharing of this information can provide a reliable guarantee for project decision-making. The significance of BIM is to improve the vertical and horizontal communication and multi-dimensional cooperation and exchange between management systems and workflows in the whole construction industry from upstream to downstream, realize the information management of the whole life cycle of the project, and open up the boundary between design and construction. As a new technical tool, BIM's powerful information sharing ability, collaborative work ability and professional task ability are increasingly emerging. Compared with the traditional CAD design method, BIM technology has the following advantages: first, the design is coordinated, which can effectively deal with the collision problems between designers of various professions, coordinate the collision problems of various professions in the early stage of construction, and realize visual collaborative design changes; Second, the construction process is simulated, which can simulate the construction process that needs to be realized in the real scene in the virtual world, so as to determine a reasonable construction plan to guide the construction; The third is the optimization of building performance. Besides energy-saving simulation, sunshine simulation and emergency evacuation simulation, it can also be used for 4D and 5D simulation to realize cost control. Through project optimization, the design scheme and investment return analysis are combined to calculate the real-time impact of design changes on investment, thus minimizing the risk of high cost. 2. Overview of BIM industry 2.1 Overview of foreign countries Australia, Japan, the United States, South Korea, Norway, Hong Kong, Singapore, Britain and Finland have successively issued their own national, industrial and enterprise-level standards. The Federal Affairs Administration (GSA) has stipulated that BIM technology must be applied in large-scale federal government projects since 27, and has compiled a series of guidelines, which has effectively promoted the popularization and application of BIM technology. The American Academy of Building Science took the lead in compiling the national BIM standard, and now the standard has been updated to the second edition. The British government has organized more than 2 experts to conduct research on different topics, compiled a framework for the application of BIM technology, and stipulated that from 216, all government projects must apply BIM technology according to the above framework. This framework includes: (1)BIM agreement, which is used to specify the model to be established and the obligations, responsibilities and restrictions of each participant on the model; (2) Employer's information demand, that is, the owner's demand for BIM information management, including software, hardware, data standards, safety standards, etc. (3) Information management service scope, which is equivalent to the standard text of BIM contract; (4) Liability insurance guide, which is used to clearly define the responsibilities involved in the application of BIM technology; (5) Based on BIM technology, the information management standard of construction project delivery stage is put forward, and the data delivery standards of each stage are put forward. 2.2 domestic overview BIM technology was first introduced into the engineering construction industry in 22, and its entry into China can be traced back to 24. At that time, the domestic series of books on BIM technology began to emerge. Later, with the development of China's "Tenth Five-Year Plan" and "Eleventh Five-Year Plan", BIM technology began to be applied to some demonstration projects. Since 26, when BIM was tried to be used in Olympic venues, BIM has attracted the attention of domestic design industry. Especially since 29, the application of BIM in design enterprises has developed rapidly. In the first year of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issued the Outline for the Informatization Development of Construction Industry from 211 to 215, which included "accelerating the application of new technologies such as building information model (BIM) and network-based collaborative work" in the overall goal and set the tone for vigorously developing BIM technology. According to the data released by the Engineering Quality and Safety Supervision and Industry Development Department of the Ministry of Construction in 21, there are 12,375 survey and design enterprises in China (including 1,928 Grade A enterprises and 3,41 Grade B enterprises). Among the top 1 design enterprises published in 21, BIM accounts for 8%, which shows that BIM is developing rapidly in China. Many large design units have also set up BIM centers to apply and promote BIM technology, and even to provide information technology services for the whole life cycle of buildings. For example, Shanghai Hyundai Architectural Design Group began to use BIM technology for collaborative design in key projects such as Shanghai World Expo Project, Bund SOHO, Lingkong SOHO and the headquarters of central enterprises in the post-Expo Park, and implemented technical services in the whole process of design, construction and operation and maintenance in Shendu and Feixun headquarters building projects, and set up a digital technology research and consulting department of the Group. CCDI established the Building Digitization Business Department in 29; Shanghai Shang 'an Electromechanical Design Office Co., Ltd. established BIM department in 28; China Institute of Architectural Design and Research carried out BIM training for all staff, and issued BIM Manual for Architecture/Structure/Equipment Specialty in 21. Large-scale developers such as Greenland, Vanke, SOHO and Wanda have also begun to try to use BIM technology.