Information on water resources

Cherish water, save water and protect water

--Written on June 5, World Environment Day

From June 5 to 16, 1972, the United Nations was in the capital of Sweden A conference on the human environment was held in Stockholm. This is the first conference in human history to study the protection of the human environment on a global scale. This meeting put forward the environmental protection slogan that has been heard all over the world: There is only one earth! The meeting formed and announced the famous "Declaration of United Nations Conference on Human Environment" (Declaration of the Human Environment) and an "Action Plan" with 109 recommendations to protect the global environment, calling on governments of all countries to and the people work together to maintain and improve the human environment, benefit all people, and benefit future generations. Since 1972, June 5th every year has been designated as "World Environment Day".

The theme of World Environment Day 2003 is "Water - the lifeblood of two billion people". This theme aims to call on everyone to take action to jointly protect the most precious living resource on the earth-water. According to the latest report ("World Water Resources Development Report") published by the United Nations before the "Third Water Resources Forum Conference" on March 16 this year, ranking the water resources abundance of 180 countries and regions, China ranked first on average. Statistics of nearly 2,260 cubic meters of water per person per year rank it 128th. Based on normal needs and no overexploitation of groundwater, my country's total annual water shortage is about 30 to 40 billion cubic meters. Every year, 7 to 20 million hectares of farmland are affected by drought. Of the 669 cities in the country, 400 have insufficient water supply and 110 are severely short of water. At the same time, water pollution has made the problem of water shortages more prominent. Surface water that cannot be drank due to pollution accounts for 40% of monitored water bodies nationwide, and 78% of river sections flowing through cities have lost their drinking water source value. Even in southern cities, water shortages caused by pollution account for more than 60% of the total water shortages in these cities. It is of great significance to rationally utilize water resources and effectively protect the water environment.

Faced with such a severe situation, it is urgent to cherish water, save water, and protect water. In the country, a complete management system, operating mechanism and legal system must be used as a guarantee to promote the joint participation of the government, water use units and the public, and through legal, administrative, economic, technical and engineering measures, combined with the adjustment of the social and economic structure , to achieve efficient and reasonable use of water for the whole society in production and consumption, and to maintain the sustainable development of regional economy and society; in the water resources management department, it is necessary to combine the requirements of relevant laws and regulations to establish a total pollutant discharge control system based on the compliance of water functional zones with standards. Reduce the amount of sewage discharged from original pollution sources by the same amount; actively promote cleaner production; speed up the construction of domestic pollution control facilities, and perform their respective duties, unite and cooperate, and jointly protect and manage water resources; in water-using units, they must implement it as soon as possible Clean production, ensure the implementation of the "Three Simultaneities", discharge waste sewage in accordance with the law and standards, and actively explore and apply new processes, new technologies, and new equipment to reduce waste sewage discharge; as citizens, we must The awareness of saving and protecting water resources runs through the process, starting from bit by bit and starting from oneself, and taking practical actions to save and protect limited water resources.

May we, through this year's "World Environment Day" theme, become active actors in promoting sustainable and equitable development, so that our motherland will have a safe and prosperous future.

Humanity's protection of the environment is ultimately based on protecting the increasingly depleting resources on the earth and protecting the minimum conditions for human survival and development - the protection of water resources bears the brunt. Next, the author will talk about some superficial understanding of how to protect water resources in modern production and life.

First of all, we must establish awareness of water conservation and carry out water resource warning education. For a long time, most people have generally believed that water is an inexhaustible "treasure basin". They squander it in use and do not know how to consciously cherish it. In fact, water resources on the earth are not inexhaustible. In particular, my country's per capita water resources are not abundant, and the regional distribution is uneven. Moreover, it changes unpredictably within the year and varies greatly between years. Coupled with serious pollution, This has led to an even more scarce situation of water resources, which is vividly reflected in the multiple interruptions of the Yellow River water in many places.

The country has launched water resource utilization projects such as the "Yellow River Diversion Project" and the "South-to-North Water Diversion Project" to solve the water shortage problem in some areas. However, it should also cause us to think deeply: Where will the Yellow River be "died" when the water is exhausted? How is the water pollution in the south? "Northern Diversion"? Therefore, people must establish awareness of water crisis, regard water conservation as our conscious code of conduct, and adopt various forms of water resource warning education.

Secondly, water resources must be developed rationally to avoid water resource damage. The development of water resources includes the development of surface water resources and the development of groundwater resources. Water resources belong to the state. Therefore, the development of production and domestic water must comply with the relevant provisions of the "People's Republic of China and the National Water Law" and must be comprehensively planned and coordinated. When exploiting groundwater, due to the large differences in water quality in each aquifer, it should be exploited in layers; contaminated phreatic water and pressurized water must not be mined together; exploration projects that expose and penetrate aquifers must be carried out in accordance with relevant regulations Strictly carry out layered water sealing and hole sealing work to effectively prevent water resource pollution and ensure the sustainable development of the water body itself.

Modern water conservancy projects, such as flood control, power generation, shipping, irrigation, aquaculture water supply, etc., while exerting one or more economic benefits, have a negative impact on the natural environment and environment of the project location, upstream and downstream, estuaries and even the entire river basin. It will have certain negative impacts on the social environment and may also cause damage to water resources within a certain range. Therefore, since the 1970s, many countries have conducted environmental assessments of water conservancy projects. Our country requires environmental assessment to be carried out during the feasibility study stage of water conservancy projects. Large-scale projects and general medium-sized projects must prepare environmental impact reports, and medium-sized projects and small projects with small environmental impact must prepare environmental impact assessment forms. In addition, the damage to water resources caused by some mining industries cannot be ignored. For example, every ton of coal mined in coal mining drains 0.88 cubic meters of water. Based on the annual coal mining of 300 million tons in our province, groundwater is lost every year just because of coal mining. The resource is as high as 250 million cubic meters, and it has caused great damage to the geological structure of underground water bodies. For another example, unlimited and indiscriminate logging has caused serious damage to vegetation, which will also have a certain impact on soil and water retention and surface burial of water resources.

Third, improve water resource utilization and reduce water waste. The key to effective water conservation lies in the utilization of "reclaimed water" and the reuse of water resources. If the utilization of reclaimed water can be used throughout society, it will not only bring considerable economic and environmental benefits, but also create a good social atmosphere of cherishing water resources. At present, many large and medium-sized enterprises have developed and utilized reclaimed water. For example, various mines of Huozhou Coal and Electricity Group use reclaimed water to return to underground water sprinkling and ground toilet flushing, and have achieved good economic and social benefits. In addition, economic leverage is used to regulate the effective use of water resources. Due to inadequate water management, long running water occurs in many places, and in some places people "hold bowls and pray to the sky". Therefore, effective water metering devices must be installed and the principle of using more water, more billing must be implemented to achieve the purpose of saving water. Urban water quota management is an internationally accepted method. It is based on scientific verification of water consumption and adheres to the principle of classified treatment. Different water prices are implemented for citizens' domestic water use, water use for industrial and commercial enterprises, and water use for government agencies and institutions. The price is equal within the quota and the price exceeds the quota. Some prices are appropriately increased to cultivate the habit of water conservation among citizens.

While saving water resources, ineffective waste should be avoided. In the winter in the north, water pipes are easy to freeze and crack, causing serious water leaks. Special attention should be paid to prevention and inspection. With the development of social economy and the acceleration of urbanization, in order to alleviate the water shortage situation, in addition to vigorously focusing on conservation and protection In addition to water resources work, cross-basin water transfer has become an inevitable choice for cities in northern my country. Cross-basin water transfer will inevitably bring about changes in the supply and demand relationship of water resources, so water rights trading must be implemented; since my country has always implemented a "welfare water" system, Water is not treated as an economic commodity. Therefore, in the allocation of water resources, market mechanisms are usually replaced by regulatory methods. At present, we should change our concepts, recognize the natural attributes and commodity attributes of water resources, and follow natural laws and values. According to the law, water should indeed be regarded as a commodity, and market mechanisms should be rationally used to allocate water resources to reduce resource waste.

Fourth, prevent and control water resource pollution and achieve comprehensive utilization of water resources.

Water pollution includes surface water pollution and groundwater pollution. Industrial wastewater, industrial garbage, industrial waste gas, domestic sewage and domestic garbage generated during the production process can cause water pollution through different infiltration methods. For a long time, due to industrial production sewage Environmental incidents caused by direct discharge are common and have extremely negative impacts on human production and life. Therefore, effective prevention and control of production and domestic sewage should be carried out. In cities, centralized sewage treatment can be adopted; industrial enterprises must implement the "three simultaneous" system of environmental protection; production sewage should adopt corresponding sewage treatment measures according to its different properties. In short, we must resolutely implement the supervision and management system for water pollution prevention and control, adhere to the principle of who pollutes, and strictly implement the one-vote veto system for environmental protection, promote the development of corporate sewage treatment, and ultimately realize the comprehensive utilization of water resources.

Water is the material basis for the existence of life on earth. Water resources are the primary condition for maintaining the sustainable development of the earth's ecological environment. Therefore, protecting water resources is the greatest and most sacred duty of mankind.

The old man with a face full of vicissitudes of life was filled with grief and indignation when faced with the smelly Sushui River. As a tributary of the Fen River, the Sushui River was originally very clear. Without it, the prosperity of Yuncheng, Shanxi would not exist today. But now, Sushui River is shameful - the silent old man is not only holding a ladle of sewage, but also Sushui River's cry for help.

The innocent child pointed to the secretly discharged sewage in the culvert and told the adults that because of it, the well water was no longer drinkable and hair would fall out when washing hair. This young child is actually bald on his head. What hangs on the branches are not verdant green leaves or abundant fruits, but thousands of colorful plastic bags fluttering in the wind. It looks so proud, and it is the misdeeds of human beings that make them so arrogant.

A pool of fish that was worked so hard to raise, a stream of sewage poured in, and in the end only the farmer's sigh and a pool of dead fish were left.

Smoke-filled factories, villages buried in sand and dust, and the living beings in the sky and the earth that have been driven away by humans... "Song of Life - China Environmental Warning Education Large-Scale Photography Exhibition" is on display today. The Military Museum of the Chinese Revolution opened. As the spokesperson of the devastated nature, more than 100 shocking photos scream to mankind.

The photography exhibition is a panoramic review of the China Environmental Protection Century Tour 10 years ago. Most of the photos are from the works of reporters from the China Environmental Protection Century Tour in recent years. Over the past 3,650 days and nights, hundreds of journalists have worked hard and hard, relying on their professional sensitivity and strong sense of responsibility to faithfully record the history of China's ecological and environmental changes with their own lenses and pens.

The heart-stirring photos are a warning that the earth, the home of mankind, has been destroyed to pieces by mankind itself. Wake up! Those saboteurs who are still obsessed with it.

The exhibition is divided into chapters such as Huaihe Scream, Yellow River Ballad, Yangtze River Ode, Green Variations, Blue Andante, Golden Ensemble, and Where Hope Is.

Walking towards the Mother River, I saw cracked ponds and dry land: water consumption along the Yellow River has exceeded the carrying capacity of the Yellow River water resources, and there is a serious water shortage. From 1972 to 1998, the lower reaches of the Yellow River experienced dry flow for 21 years, and siltation in the main river channel increased. The "hanging river above the ground" in the lower reaches of the Yellow River is increasingly in danger.

Walking towards the Mother River, what you see is the artery of black water flowing raging into the Mother River: In recent years, the "fifteen small" polluting enterprises in the Yellow River Basin have developed rapidly, and the amount of sewage discharged into the main branches of the Yellow River every year Reaching 4.2 billion cubic meters, sewage is becoming increasingly serious, and many river sections are only filled with sewage.

The Yangtze River is also a tragic song. The endless stretches of yellow sand are crying and complaining: the green at the source of the Yangtze River is shrinking. According to statistics, more than 25,000 square kilometers of grassland have been degraded in the source area of ??the Yangtze River. Due to the influence of rats, 10% has been reduced to "black soil beach" type secondary bare land. Human activities are also aggravating the degradation of grassland. According to satellite remote sensing measurements, the pasture area of ??Qinghai Province is degrading at a rate of 2 million acres per year, while the number of livestock carried in Qinghai Province's pastures is increasing at a rate of 3% per year.

Many visitors were shocked by this photo: countless Tibetan antelope heads were piled together!

The Tibetan antelope is known as the "Plateau Elf" and lives in the "Third Pole of the World" - the no-man's land of Hoh Xil on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It is a national first-level protected animal.

50 years ago, there were nearly one million Tibetan antelopes living in Hoh Xil. When people discovered its amazing economic value (in the international market, a Tibetan antelope cashmere shawl was priced at US$11,000, and the highest price could even be sold for US$40,000). ), in the past few decades, the Tibetan antelope has been on the verge of extinction, with only 50,000 remaining. It is said that between 1990 and 1998, when poaching was most rampant, 20,000 Tibetan antelopes fell to poachers' guns every year. For the high profits of cashmere shawls, poachers are still taking desperate risks.

On Tianbao Mountain in Diqing, Yunnan, there is a large area of ??mountainous land where the trees have been cut down. Waist-high, blackened tree stumps stand silently on the green meadow like tombstones.

It was originally a well-preserved virgin forest. Although large-scale logging was stopped at the end of the last century, who can tell how many virgin forests Diqing has destroyed after more than 20 years of unscrupulous logging?

The seven major river systems of Haihe River, Liaohe River, Huaihe River, Yellow River, Songhua River, Yangtze River and Pearl River are all polluted to varying degrees.

One-third of the cities in my country have air quality exceeding Level 3 standards. Acid rain and sandstorms linger around us.

The situation in Wanli Sea is not optimistic either, with red tides arriving as scheduled every year. In the beautiful Bohai Bay, turbid currents splash, and the oil floating on the sea is like a black torch that burns out life in the ocean.

Ecological damage is getting worse. Land degradation, soil erosion, lake shrinkage, and biodiversity have plummeted. The ecological environment has become extremely fragile.

Qu Geping, who is in his late seventies, is one of the earliest advocates for environmental protection in China. The old man stopped and looked at each picture. He said emotionally: "China still has a long way to go to protect the ecological environment. The public should take action quickly!

Water - the source of life for 2 billion people; water - the hope for the survival of all things in the world; water - The most desired goal of human beings. However, such precious and sacred water of life has been destroyed by human selfishness and greed.

Slowly, slowly. There are more and more water-scarce countries and provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in the world. Currently, there are 335 million people in the world who do not have enough water. The shortage problem is becoming more and more serious. With the destruction of mankind, the original blue "crystal ball" is no longer clear and blue, and is about to dry up.

Although 71% of the earth's surface is covered with water. It is water, but in fact, fresh water resources only account for about 2% of the total water on the earth, and the total amount of fresh water that can be used by humans only accounts for 3/100,000 of the total water on the earth, accounting for 0.34% of the total fresh water storage. It can be seen that there is not as much usable water on the earth as humans imagine. If it continues to be destroyed by humans, sooner or later it will disappear. Therefore, we should protect water resources and do our best to protect them. Do your part.

Although I am still a 12-year-old primary school student, I want to use the sacred pen in my hand to call on everyone to protect water resources.

’s self-statement

I am water, pure, beautiful, elegant and noble water. I come from the snow, I come from the mountains, slowly and slowly, penetrating the mountains and crossing the mountains. Across the plains, they merge into the sea.

I am water, the crystal snow is my predecessor, the sweet rain is my brother, and the bitter tears are my sisters. The earth, my arms caress every corner.

Only because of me, life is so perfect; only because of me, everything in the world is so perfect. "Product" is the "growth agent" of crops, and it is something that humans must have. I am needed for washing rice and washing vegetables, and I am needed for washing and irrigating. I am the one who drinks when people are thirsty, I wash when they are dirty, and I am the one who uses it when they are in a hurry. It's me, but it's me who keeps destroying.

I bring happiness to mankind, but why do humans treat me like this? I silently and selflessly nurture the earth. , running happily in the middle of the grassland, surging in the embrace of the sea. I am kind and loyal.

I dedicate everything to human beings. Faced with the indifference and ruthlessness of human beings, I will get angry involuntarily and cause disasters. People can dominate all things, but they can destroy the ecological environment and human beings. Today, China is facing two major problems: First, Resource issues, and the second is environmental issues. Among them, China's per capita water resources are half of the world's per capita water resources. Among environmental issues, the degree of my pollution is self-evident. If I am "violated", it will affect the growth of aquatic organisms and domestic crops, increase the spread of diseases, and endanger human health. Therefore, protecting the environment is an urgent fact, and implementing a sustainable development strategy is an inevitable shortcut to accelerating socialist modernization. Humanity has only one home, please protect this only cradle.

Therefore, I hope to be cherished by humans, and even more, I hope to be protected by humans. Please stop, don't torment me anymore!

Where are the green mountains and green waters now?

Scenes from the past still emerge from time to time with ease.

The water in my hometown in my memory is so beautiful! The smooth flow is as quiet as a picture, and it echoes with the green mountains, so it is as green as the mountains; some will form streams and can be seen everywhere. That is the water in my hometown.

When you reach out and touch it, it slips through your fingers, soft and refreshing. When I first arrived there, I went there every day to wash my face with that water. It was hot summer at that time, so my father and I swam in it. "Plop!" I jumped into the water with a sound, and all the fatigue was immediately washed away. The coolness spread all over my body, as if I was in heaven on earth.

Once again, five years later, my father and grandma and I came here again. As soon as we arrived at the river, we were stunned by what we saw. I can hardly believe that this is the water in my hometown that I will never forget.

There is also the famous Xiangjiang River in Hunan

My parents said that in the past, the water of the Xiangjiang River was very clear, and many people came to swim in the hot summer. People affectionately call it the "Green River".

However, now, the ancient Xiangjiang River has been swallowed up, and the surface of the river is full of plastics, medicine bottles, white pollution... emitting a disgusting stench. The Xiangjiang River, known as the "green river", has become a "dead river".

Suddenly, I understood that people today are blindly pursuing development and ignoring the importance of protecting the environment and water resources.

The sigh of the river echoed throughout the river: "People have destroyed my body!"

Alas! Where are the green mountains and green waters now?

If you lose water...

People, people!

What would you drink if you lost your water? What is used to irrigate every inch of land and what is used to nourish every blade of grass? If there was no such beautiful water, where would the timeless saying of Su Shi come from? If there is no water, where would everything in the world be?

When we face such water, will you still praise its beauty and lament its vitality? Faced with the facts before us, isn't it enough to sound the alarm and awaken people's awareness of water problems?

As the saying goes: "Only when you have lost it do you know how to cherish it!"

People, do you really want the last drop of water to become the tears of heartbreak and regret for human beings? Please don’t understand how precious it is only after you lose it. By then, I’m afraid it will be useless to regret it.

Please cherish every drop of water! Don't mess with it anymore. Just think of this as a reward for giving water!

/water/