What is wheat precision sowing and high-yield cultivation technology?

The number of basic seedlings for high-yield cultivation of winter wheat with precision sowing is relatively small, ranging from 80,000 to 120,000 per mu. The population dynamics are relatively reasonable, the lighting conditions within the population are good, the individual development is strong, and the root absorption capacity is strong, which solves the problem. The contradiction between high yield and lodging improves the seed setting rate of florets, increases the number and weight of grains per ear, makes the ears full, large, heavy, resistant to lodging and high yield; and improves the economic benefits of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers.

(1) Fertilizing the soil and precision sowing for high-yield cultivation must be based on higher soil fertility and good soil, fertilizer and water conditions. The nutrient content of the soil in the cultivated layer should reach the following indicators: organic matter content 1.0, total nitrogen 0.084, hydrolyzable nitrogen 70 mg/kg, available phosphorus 15 mg/kg, and available potassium 80 mg/kg.

(2) Select improved varieties with high tillering rate, high productivity per plant, lodging resistance, compact plant type, strong photosynthetic ability, good yellowing, disease resistance and stress resistance. It is beneficial to precision sowing and high-yield cultivation.

(3) Cultivate strong seedlings ① Apply sufficient base fertilizer. Organic fertilizers, straw returning to the field, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be combined to continuously enrich the soil fertility. Apply 12 to 14 kilograms of pure nitrogen per mu, 6.5 to 8 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5), 5 to 7.5 kilograms of potassium oxide (K2O), and 1 kilogram of zinc fertilizer. Except for nitrogen fertilizers, all are used as base fertilizers. Nitrogen fertilizer should be 50% as base fertilizer, and 50% should be applied as top dressing during the rising or jointing stage.

②Improve the quality of land preparation. Appropriately deepen the plowing layer, break the plow bottom layer, and deepen the living soil layer; harrow and press after plowing to achieve firmer soil and promote root development.

③Insist on sowing with sufficient moisture to improve sowing quality. Build a good base moisture and implement machine sowing. It is recommended to use 2BJM wheat precision seeder for sowing. It is required to sow evenly, with the same depth. The sowing depth is 3 to 5 cm and the row spacing is 22 to 25 cm to improve the sowing quality.

④ Sow seeds at the right time. Winter varieties are sown when the daily average temperature is 18-16°C, and semi-winter varieties are sown when the daily average temperature is 16-14°C. From sowing to overwintering, it is appropriate to have an accumulated temperature above 0°C of about 650°C. The suitable sowing period for wheat in eastern Shandong, central Shandong and northern Shandong is from October 1st to 10th, with the best sowing period from October 3rd to 8th. The suitable sowing period for wheat in western Shandong is from October 3rd to 12th, among which The best sowing period is from October 5th to 10th; in southern Shandong and southwestern Shandong, it is from October 5th to 15th, and the best sowing period is from October 7th to 12th.

⑤The seeding rate is appropriate. The seeding rate is required to achieve 80,000 to 120,000 basic seedlings per mu.

(4) Create a reasonable group structure. The dynamic indicators of reasonable group structure for precision sowing are: 80,000 to 120,000 basic seedlings per mu, 600,000 to 700,000 total tillers before winter, and the highest total number after the year. The number of stems is 700,000 to 800,000, the number of ears is 400,000 to 450,000, and the multi-ear type variety can reach about 500,000 ears. The leaf area coefficient is about 1 before winter, 2.5-3 at the rising stage, 6-7 at the flag-raising stage, and 4-5 at the flowering and grain-filling stages.

If a reasonable population structure is created, in addition to the above measures for cultivating strong seedlings, the following measures should also be taken:

① Check seedlings and replant in a timely manner.

② Pour winter water well. Generally, winter water is poured at the end of November and early December, and no winter fertilizer is applied.

③Rejuvenation period management. During the regreening period in early spring, the main task is to hoe to loosen the soil, preserve moisture, and increase the ground temperature without pouring green water.

④ Apply fertilizer and water again during the standing or jointing stages. If the wheat field has a moderate or small population, apply rising fertilizer and water; if the population is large, apply jointing fertilizer and water. Top dressing is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, with 6 to 7 kilograms of pure nitrogen applied per mu.

⑤ Pay attention to flag-carrying water or flower-raising and grouting water. On the basis of watering with rising water or jointing water, under normal conditions in Shandong, watering with flag water or flowering water is enough to meet the needs of grain growth; even in drought years, watering with slurry water is enough. Wheat yellow water will reduce grain weight, so watering wheat yellow water is not recommended.

(5) Prevention and control of diseases, insect pests and weeds In Shandong, underground pests during sowing, sheath blight at the jointing stage, powdery mildew, rust, and aphids in the later stage are all common diseases and pests, and attention should be paid to them in time. Prevention and treatment.

(6) Winter wheat semi-precision sowing high-yield cultivation technology is used in medium-fertility water-irrigated wheat fields, or high-fertility wheat fields are sown slightly late, or the sowing technical conditions and management level are poor, or the tillering force is weak and the tillers are used. For varieties with low panicle rate, semi-precision sowing and high-yielding cultivation techniques should be adopted. The main difference between semi-precision sowing and precision sowing technology is that there are slightly more basic seedlings, ranging from 130,000 to 180,000 per mu.