What are the characteristics of project management in Japanese construction enterprises?

What are the characteristics of project management in Japanese construction enterprises? The following is a brief introduction of Zhong Da Consulting Company.

1. A notable feature of Japan's construction industry is its new construction technology, high degree of mechanization and good engineering quality.

1) In order to reduce the amount of on-site construction, a large number of prefabricated reinforced concrete and steel structures are the main features of Japanese construction technology. Prefabricated components are produced by assembly line, and the quality of components is good, and the visual quality and internal quality are reliably guaranteed. For example, beams, columns, external walls, load-bearing walls and balconies are all prefabricated with reinforced concrete, floors are prefabricated and cast-in-place, and stairs are steel structures.

Wall tiles are also directly pasted by the factory, with good quality. For example, the color of wall tiles is uniform; The surface is smooth and clean; Joints are continuous, straight and smooth; Yin and Yang angles overlap correctly; In particular, the external corner is made of a whole "L"-shaped brick without flat-fell seam.

2) After the prefabricated components are prefabricated in the factory, they are directly transported to the site for hoisting, which requires high construction machinery, but it can greatly save labor because of reducing the workload on the site.

3) Pipes are not embedded, and all are installed on site.

4) Because the fixing method is reasonable and effective, the position of embedded parts is accurately fixed and will not shift;

5) There is basically no need to paint the site, and a large number of lightweight partitions and wallpapers are used;

6) The steel bars between precast columns are connected with special glue.

7) Working procedure: overlapping construction with flowing water, such as Senzhitai Phase V project 18-story residence, with the structure not capped, indoor fine decoration has been carried out below 10, and indoor fine decoration on the first and second floors underground has been completed. These construction technologies have obvious advantages, for example, the personalization of building appearance is easier to realize, the quality is high, the construction period is fast, and the indoor usable area of the same building area is larger.

2. After years of rapid development, Japanese construction industry has explored a set of effective safety management modes and methods.

1) Building safety education and training is self-contained. The main safety education and training include: safety education and training for dangerous operations, safety education for team leaders/team leaders, safety education for new workers entering the site, and safety education for workers who have been transferred. The project management and service layer have a strong sense of safety, which is truly implemented by everyone.

The project manager is the first person responsible for site safety, and there is generally no full-time security officer at the site, who is in charge of the team leader. Set up a special safety education place for new workers in the on-site office building, and spend 1 ~ 2 hours each time to provide safety education for new workers according to Japanese regulations; Safety education should be carried out by specialized personnel. Employees' helmets are classified and managed, with clear signs and safety tips such as "protect your body".

2) Early Ceremony Japanese construction enterprises all implement the early ceremony system in the project department. Through personal participation, we feel that the morning meeting can not only effectively avoid and control some safety risks, but also strengthen communication between teams and groups and greatly improve the mental outlook of workers.

Communication is a necessary means of management. Good communication makes information universal and decision-making has scientific basis. Communication makes the responsibility clear and avoids the vacuum zone of management; Communication makes information available, and makes the cooperation of different types of work more harmonious and flexible. In the morning, the ceremony table was simple and practical, with complete contents and illustrations. All the team names and photos of the team leader were put on the wall to encourage the competition.

The process of the morning meeting generally includes several steps: preparing activities, doing morning exercises → standing up, counting off, greeting each other, explaining the health situation, shouting → each team leader goes to the stage one by one, introduces the work place, analyzes the potential dangers, and formulates corresponding preventive measures → introducing the new employee himself → the person in charge of safety, making a concluding speech → and then communicating within each team. The whole morning ceremony was tense and orderly, and the time was generally controlled at about 20 minutes.

3) The safety protection facilities and protective articles are advanced and reasonable in design, easy to use and humanized. The periphery of the building is fully enclosed, neat and generous; The cantilever protective frame adopts high-strength aluminum alloy bracket; The external scaffold is tool-type, which is convenient for erection and adopts galvanized steel pipe. Side hole protection is stereotyped, instrumental, simple and practical. Protective railings are set around the deep foundation pit, the upper and lower stairs are tool-shaped steel stairs, and the outside of the stairs is fully enclosed with a safety net.

The safety passage is erected with steel pipes, and the width of the protection passage is about 1 m, which is specially designed for personnel to enter and exit. The fastener is wrapped in yellow soft clothes, which is clear and eye-catching and humanized. Large machinery should be managed by special personnel, with complete safety protection devices.

Personal protective equipment is mainly provided by workers. The seat belt design is very reasonable. Small special tools are fully equipped and tied with ropes, which are convenient to carry and use, difficult to lose and safer. Set up a special personal safety protection articles stacking place on site. The bracket is simple and practical, and the electrical appliances are neatly stacked, which is convenient for management.

3. The cleanliness of the overall environment in Japan is actually closely related to the strong environmental awareness of the Japanese people. We can understand this from the good site environment and the civilized behavior of employees.

1) Enclosed enclosure A continuous enclosed color steel enclosure is set around the construction site, which is mainly reinforced with steel pipes, which is stable, beautiful and generous.

2) Various nameplates and billboards are set at the entrance of Daimon Masaru on the construction site, with uniform specifications and clear expression; Designated personnel shall be assigned to manage at the gate, and be responsible for traffic command at the gate.

3) The ground on the construction site is not hardened, but laid with steel plates, which requires a large one-time investment, but can be reused to avoid waste. Eye-catching safety publicity slogans or appropriate safety warning signs shall be set at main construction sites, operating points, dangerous areas and major intersections.

Site materials should be neatly stacked and listed according to the location specified in the site layout. During the construction process, the materials shall be clean after work and the site shall be kept clean. There is no designated person responsible for cleaning up the site, which is completely managed by the team itself. Workers consciously wash their hands.

4) The construction area and non-construction area of the living facilities construction site are strictly separated, and the office area is set up on site. Because the on-site construction personnel are not staying at the site, there is no dormitory building. The office building is set with colored steel plates, which are beautiful, generous, safe and reliable. The corridor is neat and clean.

The office layout is simple and generous, all kinds of supplies are neatly arranged, and the cards are beautifully made and clearly expressed. Set up a special smoking area on site to prevent smoking at will. A canteen is set up on site to supply all kinds of food and drinks. The environment is clean and sanitary, which is similar to that of domestic convenience stores such as Lianhua.

Set up a special rest place on site for workers to rest. The layout of the canteen is simple, but it is clean and tidy. Set up centralized garbage dumps and closed garbage bins for classified disposal.

4. Finished product protection Japanese construction workers have a strong sense of finished product protection, and some targeted finished product protection measures have been formulated during construction, which is worth learning. The protection of finished products focuses on practicality and environmental protection, turning waste into treasure and facilitating reuse. For example, in the process of floor steel binding, special channels are set to avoid the deformation of steel bars caused by trampling.

Anti-collision devices shall be installed at the corners of columns, corners, stair treads, etc., which are prone to collision, for effective protection. Cover and protect the finished floor. The elevator door is provided with a movable plate to protect the floor. After aluminum is bonded, it is protected with packaging materials. Enclosure or seal the area where the construction has been completed, and irrelevant personnel are strictly prohibited from entering.

5. Quality control The Japanese project has advanced construction technology, high on-site management level, good quality awareness of employees and serious and responsible working attitude, so the overall quality is good. For example, the acceptance system is perfect and strictly enforced. Strengthen team management, encourage competition, and reward and punish appropriately. Reward outstanding employees and publicize praise on the wall.

The formwork support system adopts adjustable tool steel pipe support, which is not only convenient to install, but also stable and high in precision. The bedding face reinforcement shall be bound horizontally and vertically, with even spacing and protective layer in place. The basement adopts fair-faced concrete wall with smooth, dense and angular surface.

Pipes shall be installed neatly and clearly marked. Large-area cement floor is not provided with sub-bin joints, which has high flatness and no sand. Uniform color of wall tiles; The surface is smooth and clean; Joints are continuous, straight and smooth, etc. Interior decoration has high standards, exquisite workmanship, simple lines and uniform colors.

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