An article describing the war

1931September 18, Japanese imperialism invaded Shenyang, China. Due to the non-resistance policy adopted by Chiang Kai-shek, the Japanese army easily occupied the three northeastern provinces of China. 1935 In May, Japan created the "North China Incident" and extended the claws of aggression to North China. The survival of the Chinese nation is seriously threatened, ethnic contradictions begin to rise to the main shoulders, and domestic class contradictions gradually fall to secondary contradictions. Opposing Japanese aggression against China has become the primary task of people from all walks of life in China. China's * * * production party first advocated armed resistance to Japanese imperialist aggression. After the Japanese army occupied Northeast China and North China,1On August L, 955, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "August 1 Declaration", calling on the people of the whole country to unite, stop the civil war and unite against Japan. Under the leadership of the China Communist Party, the people of the whole country launched a massive anti-Japanese national salvation movement. In the Kuomintang camp, under the impetus and influence of the anti-Japanese national united front advocated by the China Producer Party and the national wave of resisting Japan and saving the nation, some patriotic soldiers of the Kuomintang began to have anti-Japanese consciousness. Starting from Guangxi, from the "September 18th Incident" to 1935, Li Zongren and Bai Chongxi sent telegrams to the Central Committee many times, demanding that the Kuomintang Central Committee make plans early and make up its mind to resist Japan. On June 1936 and 1 day, Guangdong warlord Chen and Guangxi warlords Li Zongren and Bai Chongxi sent telegrams calling for anti-Japanese, vying for the Nanjing Kuomintang regime in the name of anti-Japanese. The essence of the "Guangdong-Guangxi Incident" reflected the struggle for power and interests within the ruling class, but it also included factors that demanded resistance to Japan. In the same year, in 65438+February and 65438+February, Zhang Xueliang, the patriotic general of the Kuomintang Northeast Army, and Yang Hucheng, the patriotic general of the Northwest Army, launched the "Xi 'an Incident" and detained Chiang Kai-shek and his civil and military officials who still stubbornly pursued the anti-* * policy and did not advocate anti-Japanese. After the incident, Wang Jingwei and He Wei, pro-Japanese factions in the Nanjing government, advocated sending troops to attack Angola. Proceeding from the national justice, the Chinese producers' party sent Premier Zhou to Angola to mediate, which peacefully resolved the An Incident and promoted the formation of the anti-Japanese national united front. After the "Xi Incident", Li and Bai studied it repeatedly and sent a telegram, arguing that the Central Committee should accept the request of Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng, and Zhang and Yang should also release Chiang Kai-shek first and support the peaceful settlement of the incident.

1On July 7th, 937, the Japanese army attacked the ancient city of Wanping and Lugou Bridge in China on the pretext that a soldier was missing. The officers and men of the 29th Army of the local garrison rose up to resist, and the national War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression began. On July 8, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China * * * sent a telegram to the whole country, calling on the broad masses of compatriots and the two parties in the country to unite and cooperate to build a strong Great Wall against Japanese aggression. At that time, Li Zongren supported this telegram. /kloc-in July, 0/7, Chiang Kai-shek delivered a speech in Lushan, declaring that "if the war ends, the land will be divided into the north and the south, and everyone, old and young, has the responsibility to defend the country and fight the war to the end." (2) Chiang Kai-shek's remarks confirmed the Kuomintang's policy of preparing for the war of resistance. Under the circumstances, Gui Jiang reached a compromise. 2 1 day, Li Zongren, Bai Chongxi and Huang Xuchu "jointly called the government to support Chiang Kai-shek's Lushan talk". (3) On August 4, Bai Chongxi was ordered to be transferred to Nanjing as the deputy chief of staff of the Military Commission to enlighten Chiang Kai-shek; Discuss the sheep moaning and sending troops to resist Japan. On August 65438+March, the Japanese army attacked Shanghai on a large scale, which seriously threatened the rule of the Kuomintang. Chiang Kai-shek made up his mind to resist Japan and issued a general mobilization order to the troops on August 15, 2005. During this period, Li and Bai mobilized people from all walks of life in Guangxi many times. With the encouragement of the Guangxi Ministry, the people of Guangxi were enthusiastic about patriotism and joined the army in succession. In a very short period of time, the Xingui Department recruited nearly 100,000 new recruits, and together with the children's and people's regiments trained by the Seventh Army, the Fifteenth Army of the Fourth Army of the Xingui Department and various counties in Guangxi, it expanded into the 21st Army and the 11th Army. The commander-in-chief of the 21st Army is Liao Lei, who has the 7th and 48th Army, and the commander-in-chief of the 11th Army is Li, who has the 31st and 46th Army. Of the four armies, the seventh army, the forty-eighth army and the thirty-first army went outside the province to resist Japan, and the forty-sixth army stayed behind to defend Guangxi. In late August, the mighty Guangxi anti-Japanese army set out from Wuzhou and Guilin respectively and headed for the front line. The 2nd1army led by Liao Lei took the lead, followed by the 1st 1 1 army led by Li. In September, Gui Jun's vanguard troops arrived in Xuzhou and Haizhou and assembled for standby. /kloc-at the beginning of 0/0, Gui Jun was ordered to move to Shanghai Dachang to defend Nanxiang. 15, Gui Jun began to accept the combat mission and launched a fierce battle with the invading enemy. Since Gui Jun took part in the Battle of Shanghai and Shanghai, he has fought bravely and suffered heavy casualties. "The Seventh Army in the Battle of Songhu suffered more than half of the casualties, and there were six or seven dead brigades, including Pang,, and so on, with more than ten heads, including Xie." (4) The combat effectiveness was greatly weakened, and it was withdrawn from Shanghai on June 1 13.

1in late March, 938, the Japanese Machine Valley Division concentrated more than 40,000 troops and violently attacked Taierzhuang. Under the command of Li Zongren, the Kuomintang army rose to resist. Gui Jun, who was stationed in the southern section of Jinpu, kept blocking the Japanese army from going north from Nanking, slowing down the enemy's reinforcement and creating favorable conditions for Taierzhuang's victory. Shortly after the war, Chiang Kai-shek sent Bai Chongxi, deputy chief of staff, and Lin Wei, deputy chief of the army, to Xuzhou to organize a temporary staff committee to help Li Zongren fight. After bitter struggle, the two sides annihilated more than 20,000 Japanese troops and seized a large amount of munitions, which won the first victory of the Kuomintang on the anti-Japanese battlefield. After the Japanese army suffered setbacks in Taierzhuang, it immediately dispatched four divisions to attack Xuzhou and surround it. In order to avoid the decisive battle under unfavorable circumstances, the Kuomintang army broke through and moved on May 15. In this breakthrough, Gui Jun 173 Division and 1033 Regiment, led by Zhu Yuan, deputy division commander, were ordered to guard Mengcheng, an important town in the southwest of Xuzhou, to cover the breakthrough and fight the enemy cliff for several days. More than 2,400 officers and men of the whole regiment were killed, and Zhu Yuan, the deputy division commander, also died heroically in the artillery fire. In June, the Japanese government decided to deploy 14 divisions to attack Wuhan and Liaolei, and 2 1 Army and the newly deployed 48 Army were ordered to be transferred to Dabie Mountain for defense. During this period, the defenders constantly attacked western Anhui and eastern Hubei, cut off the enemy's communication lines, blocked the enemy's reinforcements to Wuhan, and forced the enemy into a dilemma. The 84th Army189th Division and188th Division stationed in Huangmei, Hubei and Guangji, Gui Jun, fought for positions with the enemy who invaded Wuhan. The situation is very fierce, with thousands of casualties on both sides. Guangxi troops have made due contributions to resisting Japan and saving the nation.

In addition to sending troops to the front to fight against Japan, the Xingui Department also mobilized and organized student troops in the province to help the troops fight against Japan. 1937, 1 1 year 10. In October, the Second Student Army of Guangxi was established and enrolled students in Xida University, Guilin, Liuzhou, Nanning and Wuzhou respectively. The underground party in Guangxi also organized and mobilized a group of party member and patriotic youths to join the army. 65438+February 65438+May set out from Guilin, passed through Hunan, Hubei and Henan, and then transferred to Anhui. Accompanied by Guangxi troops, they moved around the anti-Japanese front and went deep into villages and towns to carry out anti-Japanese and national salvation propaganda. 1in the winter of 938, with the Japanese invasion moving southward, the situation in Guangxi was tense. Under the influence of the Chinese production party's anti-Japanese national United front policy and the national demand of anti-Japanese, the Guangxi authorities organized and established the third Guangxi student army. Young students from all over the country are enthusiastic about patriotism and enthusiastically sign up. The underground party organizations in Guangxi also issued a call to mobilize party member, a university, to take the lead in registration. Originally, it was planned to accept only 1200 students and organize a student corps. Later, the number of applicants surged to 19000. After screening, there were still more than 4,000 people, so it was expanded into three groups, from 65,438 to 65,438 in 0939. At the beginning of February, the training ended, that is, from Guilin to Gan Le, Guiping, Precision Ding Yang and other places, went deep into villages and towns, posted posters and anti-Japanese slogans in the streets, or publicized the anti-Japanese national salvation movement through reports, symposiums, cultural performances and organizational culture learning. Encouraged by the anti-Japanese national United front, Guangxi student army spread all over Guangxi, southern Guangxi and western Guangxi. )' West 1 Gou 12 administrative districts 1 1 have all been there, and 55 of 99 counties in Guangxi have left their footprints. They vigorously carry out anti-Japanese propaganda activities at the front or behind enemy lines. After the Battle of Guinan, they went to the front to take part in the battle.

1938 10 After the Japanese invaded Wuhan, they immediately advanced to South China. According to the change of the situation, 1654381October 28th, the Kuomintang government held a military meeting in Nanyue and decided to set up two battalions, Yaoshui and Guilin. Cheng Qian and Bai Chongxi were appointed as the directors of Tianshui and Guilin, respectively, to command the North-South battlefields in a unified way. On February 2, 65438, "Li Zongren and Baixuequ, two commanders, tried to save trouble by invading Guangdong and issued a' letter to the people', demanding that the people of the whole province calmly resist the Japanese invasion and make a final resistance", (5) trying to stop the Japanese invasion to the south.

1939165438+10 15, the Japanese government sent more than 30,000 people, including the Fifth Division and the Taiwan Province Provincial Brigade, to land from Qisha and Longmen in Beibu Gulf under the cover of naval and air forces. At that time, the Kuomintang. The 1st Battalion of the 56th Regiment of the 19th Division guarding Qisha and the 2nd Battalion of the 56th Regiment of the 19th Division guarding Longmen fought fiercely with the enemy for over an hour respectively, resulting in heavy casualties. Most of the coastal positions were destroyed by enemy artillery fire and forced to retreat, and Qisha and Longmen fell. /kloc-in June of 0/6, the enemy occupied Fangcheng and Qinzhou. Then, with the cooperation of the plane, the Japanese army broke through the defense line of the 19th Division in Xiaodong and invaded Nanning along the Paqin Highway. On the afternoon of 23rd, an enemy army fled to Liangqing, and the garrison 170 Division Supplementary Group launched a blocking war with it. On the morning of 24th, the enemy attacked Pumiao and fought fiercely with the main force of the garrison 170 Division. At the same time, the main force of the fifth division of the Japanese army, using planes and cannons, violently attacked Nanning. The defenders 135 division suffered heavy casualties and there were no other reinforcements. It was forced to retreat to the top of the mountain along Wuqi Highway, and Nanning fell. 165438+1On October 25th, the 600th Regiment of the 200th Division of the Fifth Kuomintang Army met the enemy in Ertang, a suburb of Nanning. After two days of fierce fighting, it was seriously injured by the enemy. Shao Yihe, head of the regiment, was shot dead, Mo Wen, deputy head of the regiment, was injured, and more than half of the soldiers were killed or injured, so he withdrew from Binyang Si Long and reorganized. On the 26th, at the peak of the Japanese invasion of Nanning, the two sides fought fiercely. Most hilltop positions were destroyed by repeated bombing by the enemy. 135 division, 170 division defenders retreated to the first line of An Wei and Luyuwei in Beima, Wuming County, with the peak at 65438+February 1. On the 4th, the Japanese army occupied Kunlun Pass with the Fifth Division as the main force.

When the Japanese army landed in Qinzhou Bay, Bai Chongxi, who was attending the Sixth Plenary Session of the Fifth Central Committee of the Kuomintang in bed, flew back to Guilin on June 5438+065438+1October 19 to discuss how to deal with the war. The next day, "Bai Chongxi TEPCO Guangxi Provincial Government called the villagers' meeting in the whole province to mobilize the people, cooperate with military forces, destroy roads, clear the air, and bash the Japanese troops occupying southern Guangxi". 6. At that time, Guangxi's troops were thin and scattered, and it was difficult to defend. After the Japanese army occupied Nanning and Kunlun Pass, it cut off the international traffic arteries from China to Vietnam, which seriously threatened the Kuomintang's rule in Chongqing. Therefore, the Kuomintang government decided to organize a counterattack and deploy about150,000 troops from Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan and other provinces to southern Guangxi to resist the Japanese army's northward advance. Bai Chongxi moved the headquarters to the front line of moving the river, and at the same time, dispatched cars to quickly suck Du Xing's Fifth Army and other troops into the Binyang-Yushu line. 65438+February 65438+May, the adjustment of each unit was basically completed, and Bai Chongxi issued a counterattack order. 18, about150,000 Kuomintang troops began to counterattack according to Bai Chongxi's deployment. The Kunlun Pass in Nanning, a dangerous place in East Africa, was once a strategic place for both sides to compete. At that time, the Japanese army occupied the pass as the fifth division of the Iron and Steel Army. The main force in the counter-offensive against Kunlun Pass is the fifth army of Du Xingming, Chiang Kai-shek's direct line. Guangxi troops were mainly arranged in Qin Yu, Palong and Pawu to attack and contain the Japanese army. After the war, the battle of Kunlun Pass was the fiercest. After a brutal gun battle and repeated struggles, both sides gained and lost, which lasted for nearly half a month. The Kuomintang army finally recaptured the Kunlun Pass on 65438+February 3 1 day, annihilated more than 4,000 Japanese troops, captured 100 people, seized a large number of military supplies, and won the Kunlun Pass.

1In April, 944, Japan launched the campaigns of Hunan, Hunan and Guangxi in order to open up the mainland transportation lines from Beijing to Guangzhou and Nanning, prevent the United States from attacking Japan with air bases in Guilin and Liuzhou, and save the Japanese troops invading Nanyang. After the fall of Hengyang in August of the same year, the Japanese Army 1 1 invaded Guilin with four divisions along the Xianggui Railway. In addition, Japan dispatched two divisions of 23 armies from Guangdong to invade Wuzhou along the Xijiang River, which made Guilin and Liuzhou under attack. At that time, the Kuomintang Chiang Kai-shek ordered Zhang Fakui, commander of the Fourth Theater of Liuzhou, to defend, and Bai Chongxi also went to Guilin as the deputy chief of staff of the Military Commission to direct the battle, transferred the main force of the 16th Army of Guangxi to Guilin for defense, and organized the establishment of the Guilin Defense Command, with Wei Ren, deputy commander of the 16th Army, as the defense commander. At the same time, the 62nd and 35th armies of Guangdong Army were transferred to Liuzhou for defense. At the beginning of September, the Japanese striker arrived at the Huangshahe River at the junction of Hunan and Guangxi, guarding the 93rd Division of the Central Army in Quanzhou, ready to explode. At present, in order to preserve his strength, Chiang Kai-shek put his detachment troops in Guizhou Province and refused to transfer to Guangxi to participate in the war. In order to preserve the strength of Guangxi Department and avoid its own strength being weakened too much, Bai Chongxi also transferred a main division and a regiment of Guangxi Department from Guilin before the war, making the guarding city forces even thinner, with only more than 10,000 people. On October 9th, 65438/kloc-0, the enemy attacked Guilin, and at the end of the month, the enemy advanced to the periphery of Guilin. 165438+1At the beginning of October, the hostile city of Guilin launched an all-round attack, and the defenders of the Kuomintang Guangxi Department stubbornly resisted. Wei, the commander of the Yugoslav capital, led his men to abandon the city and break through. At this critical moment of life and death, Kuo Wei Yong, the division commander of the left-behind troops 13 1, wrote a suicide note, vowing to live and die together with Guilin, leading soldiers and fighting fiercely with the enemy. Most officers and men died heroically. Lieutenant General Chen Jihuan, Chief of Staff of the Yugoslav Capital Command, Lu Meng Xuan, Chief of Staff of the 3 1 Army, and wucun, Head of the 392nd Regiment, all died heroically in the battle. 10, the defenders besieged and Guilin fell. On June 1 1, the Japanese army occupied Liuzhou without fighting. After the Japanese army occupied Liuzhou, it continued to push south. On the 24th, Nanning fell.

After the Japanese invaders entered the Guangxi border in early September, the Kuomintang New Guangxi Department did some defensive work and mobilized Guilin, the main force of the Guangxi Department, to prepare for a decisive battle with it. Most of the officers and men stationed in Guilin are patriotic. They are fearless in the face of danger and stubbornly resist the enemy's invasion. Many officers and men died for their country, which deserves people's memory and praise. But judging from the whole campaign, except for some resistance from the defenders in Guilin, no other fronts have been fought, and they will collapse at the touch of a button. As a result, the Japanese army invaded Quanzhou and occupied Nanning in just over two months, and nearly 80 cities and counties in Guangxi fell into enemy hands, basically opening up the traffic lines between the two continents. This is the result of the Kuomintang's passive resistance to Japan and active opposition to * *.

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During his stay in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the Kuomintang basically implemented the dual politics of resisting Japan and * * *. Before the July 7th Incident, Chiang Kai-shek's Kuomintang government adopted a policy of non-resistance. The new Guangxi system is not at this stage. After the "September 18th Incident", Li Zongren wrote a paper in 1933, entitled "Scorched Earth's War of Resistance", in which all landowners expressed their determination to fight the war to the end, holding that "the war of resistance will survive, and if they yield, they will die, and there will be no room for hesitation except resolute resistance" and "the central authorities will not resist Japan, and there will be no room for hesitation". Pet-name ruby at the critical moment of national peril, the new Guangxi department loudly called for anti-Japanese, indicating that they began to change and had the requirements of anti-Japanese, reflecting their patriotic thoughts and actions. Their remarks have played a positive role in arousing the people and promoting the development of the anti-Japanese national salvation movement. At the same time, we should also see that the "anti-Japanese" of the new Guangxi clique also contains the factors of fighting for power and profit with Chiang Kai-shek, which reflects the contradictions and struggles between Li Bai and Chiang Kai-shek's ruling class.

From the July 7th Incident to the fall of Wuhan in June 5438+0938+00, "the Kuomintang government fought hard against Japan". Attending the new Guangxi Department, after the full-scale outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Li and Bai mobilized throughout the province and deployed "200,000 anti-Japanese troops to fight in the front", which is one of the provinces with the largest number of troops in China. This army participated in the Battle of Songhu, Taierzhuang and Wuhan successively, and fought bloody battles with the enemy on the battlefield, causing great casualties and consumption to the Japanese army. He also sacrificed more than half of himself and made contributions to defending the country and the liberation of the Chinese nation. These should be fully affirmed.

1938 After the fall of Wuhan and Guangzhou, the Anti-Japanese War entered a stalemate stage. The Japanese government adjusted its policy of aggression against China, adopted the policy of political inducement and surrender as the mainstay, supplemented by military strikes, and focused its main force on the anti-Japanese base areas led by the * * production party, thus alleviating the frontal attack of the Kuomintang battlefield. The change of this policy prompted the Kuomintang government to gradually shift its policy to anti-Japanese and anti-people. Wang Jingwei, a pro-Japanese faction in the Kuomintang camp, also publicly sent a telegram at the end of 65438+February, advocating stopping the war of resistance and making peace with Japan. During this period, with the change of the situation, the new Guangxi department tended to be passive and active in resisting Japan. However, due to the promotion and influence of China's * * * production party's United front work in Guangxi, although Guangxi did not completely break away from the * * * production party, it was still able to persist in the war of resistance. After Wang Ching-wei betrayed the country and defected to the enemy, Li Zongren and Bai Chongxi immediately electrified the whole country on 09391October 5, 65438+65438, "supporting the expulsion of Wang Ching-wei and asking the National Government to arrest Wang". In the southern Guangxi War, Guangxi authorities not only sent troops to fight, but also mobilized and organized manpower and material resources throughout the province to ensure the supply of military supplies at the front, which provided favorable conditions for Du Xingming's fifth army to tackle the problem head-on.

However, the new Guangxi clique represents the interests of bureaucrats and the landlord class. The class nature determines that their anti-Japanese war cannot be based entirely on the interests of the whole nation, but also includes the interests of consolidating group rule. So they want to resist Japan, and they also want to resist Japan. Li Zongren said at the joint commemorative weekly meeting of Southwest Executive Department on July 1932+0 1 July: "In the past few months, the two major tasks that I hope to work hard are suppression of * * * and resistance to Japan. ..... I hope that in addition to suppressing * * *, we will step up anti-Japanese work. " Today, we can see that anti-Japanese and anti-* * in Guangxi are neck and neck. From 1939 to 1943, the Kuomintang government, represented by Chiang Kai-shek, set off three anti-* * climaxes in order to destroy the people's anti-Japanese forces led by the China * * production party. In response to Chiang Kai-shek and the new Guangxi clique, it successively created the "July 9" counter-revolutionary incident in Guilin, the "November 13" incident in Yulin and the "November 15" incident in Nanning, arrested and massacred a large number of revolutionary cadres and revolutionary masses, and severely damaged the party organizations in Guangxi. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the two parties signed the Double Tenth Agreement. Later, Chiang Kai-shek unilaterally edited and destroyed the agreement and launched a civil war. Bai Chongxi, the main leader of the New Guangxi Sect, wrote a million-word letter to Chiang Kai-shek in March 1946, the main content of which was to support Chiang Kai-shek's anti-* *, and suggested developing Xinjiang and northwest provinces and establishing long-term anti-* * base areas. It shows that it is the enemy of the people after all, and it took refuge in Chiang Kai-shek, which led to the final demise of Chiang Kai-shek.

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