5. Case study of "Three Advances and Three Retreats" in Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province to protect the Yangtze River and promote ecological product value realization

(1) Case Background

Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province has 35 kilometers of deep-water coastline of the Yangtze River and 13 rivers entering the river. It is an important channel connecting the Yangtze River system and the Taihu Basin. It is important to Changzhou The ecological security and water security in southern Jiangsu such as Wuxi and Wuxi are of great significance. Since the 1990s, in the context of large-scale development along the Yangtze River, problems such as overuse of the Yangtze River coastline and excessive land development in Jiangyin have become increasingly apparent. During the peak period, more than two-thirds of the Yangtze River coastline was developed, and there were 3 coastal areas along the Yangtze River. In the chemical industry park and 12 hazardous chemical terminals, the land development intensity within 1 kilometer along the river exceeds 50%, and the water quality of 4 rivers entering the river cannot stably meet the standards. Faced with the severe challenges brought about by high-intensity development and ecological damage, Jiangyin City, in accordance with the requirement of "focusing on large-scale protection and not engaging in large-scale development", has proposed "advancing ecology, retreating production, advancing governance, retreating pollution, and advancing high-end The strategy of "three advances and three retreats" to protect the Yangtze River, including land reserves, ecological restoration, wetland protection, old city renovation, comprehensive development and other measures, has built a city with "eight kilometers along the river and ten kilometers of canals". "Ecological T-station" has formed a rich and diverse supply area of ??high-quality ecological products such as riverside parks, suburban wetlands, urban forest belts, and riverside greenways, which has promoted the substantial improvement of the ecological environment and the value-added spillover of ecological products, and has created a new path Yangtze River protection and green development complement each other, ecological improvement and sustainable economic development.

(2) Specific methods

First, return the river to the people and promote ecological construction of the riverside and waterfronts. Jiangyin City was built along the river and prospered because of the river. However, the Yangtze River coast in the main urban area of ??Jiangyin is occupied by a large number of productions. China's largest private shipbuilding enterprise Yangzijiang Shipyard, Jiangyin City's leading enterprise Zhenhua Heavy Industries, Port Group, etc. are distributed among them. "Thousand-year-old" As early as the Northern Song Dynasty, Huangtian Port was an important transportation hub between Jiangyin and the north bank of the Yangtze River. For a long time, Jiangyin residents were close to the river but did not see the river, and were by the river but not close to the water. At the end of 2018, Jiangyin City implemented an overall relocation of the main urban area along the Yangtze River in accordance with the requirements of the Yangtze River Protection. All nearly 6 kilometers of productive coastline were returned to ecological coastlines, and the original Yangtze River Shipyard, Huangtian Port, and Jiucai Port near the river were relocated. We have carried out ecological restoration of coal stacks, coal stacks, etc., and built a 750-acre riverside park system covering science demonstrations, water-friendly squares, city-ring greenways, riverside wetlands and other functions. The Yangtze River coastline that used to be lined with tower cranes has been transformed into the beautiful Jiangyin " The Bund".

The second is to return wetness to the people and improve the self-purification capacity of the water environment along the Yangtze River coastline. The Yao Port area is the only natural tidal flat preserved on the Yangtze River coastline in Jiangyin, covering 12 kilometers along the river coastline. It is the water intake for drinking water in the cities of Jiangyin, Wuxi and Changzhou. With the disorderly development of the area along the river, 98 small livestock and poultry farms, chemical workshops and small ship repair yards are scattered in Yao Port and the surrounding area, seriously affecting regional ecological security and drinking water safety. Beginning in 2017, Jiangyin City demarcated and planned the construction of the Yaogang Ecological Wetland Reserve in accordance with the principle of "natural restoration as the mainstay and artificial restoration as the supplement". Nearly 7 kilometers of natural reed ponds and wetland shrub shorelines were restored along the river, improving the It has improved the supply capacity of ecological products such as water conservation and water purification. Close and integrate family livestock and poultry farms and build environmentally friendly large-scale breeding bases in off-site locations. Control sources and intercept pollution from surrounding enterprises, expand wetland buffer zones, and improve the water quality of water bodies entering rivers. New Yangtze fish spawning grounds, fish habitat waterways, breeding and release point rewilding bases, and water ecological restoration floating islands have been built to promote the recovery of Yangtze River fishery resources. The Yangtze River ecological buffer forest, nesting forest, gravel beach, herbaceous swamp, etc. have been newly built to serve as a transit point for migratory birds from Northeast Asia and a habitat for native birds, restoring and protecting the biodiversity in the area.

The third is to return green to the people and continuously improve the green coverage rate in urban areas. Adhere to both "rescue greening" and "large-scale greening", compile and implement the "Afforestation and Greening Construction Plan along the Yangtze River (Jiangyin Section)", and follow the principles of "repairing broken belts, widening narrow belts, upgrading sub-bands, and improving residual belts". Based on the principle of "belt transformation", we will promote the ecological forest construction project in the riverside areas. A ring-city forest park with a total area of ??83 square kilometers will be constructed, covering five mountains including Guanshan Mountain and Qinwang Mountain and the surrounding areas. Together with the Yangtze River in the north and the Central Canal, it forms a green ecological barrier for Jiangyin City.

Combining mining environmental management and geological disaster prevention, we carried out ecological restoration of abandoned tunnels and damaged mountains. In the Qishan emergency backup water source alone, 170 acres of mountains were restored, and 3,000 acres of afforestation was completed to build the Qishan Forest Park. ; Completed 12 control projects such as the Qinwangshan building materials mining area and the Jishan landslide geological disaster, with a total restoration area of ??more than 460 acres; for areas with limited contiguous planting space, we must dig deep into the potential, insert greenery wherever possible, and plant all possible plants. Build more natural landscapes and waterfront green belts.

The fourth is to return the river to the people and restore the charm of the ancient water town in the south of the Yangtze River. Jiangyin Xicheng Canal is adjacent to the west side of the old city. It has been the main water transportation line connecting the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and the Yangtze River since the Song Dynasty. With the development of the city and the changes of the times, the canal's original functions of transportation and connecting water systems have gradually weakened, but the ecological and environmental problems caused by high-intensity development along the river have become increasingly prominent. In accordance with the overall goal of "international riverside garden city", Jiangyin City has launched ecological protection and restoration with "eight kilometers along the river and ten kilometers of canals" as the core. In 2016, a new water system connecting the Yangtze River and Taihu Lake was built outside the city. The old factories and old villages on both sides of the old Xicheng Canal were relocated, and the Xicheng Canal Park and Yingtian River Park, about 4,700 meters long, were built to provide citizens with a beautiful ecological environment while transforming the old Xicheng Canal in the east. The urban area is connected with the old suburbs in the west, restoring the charm of the ancient city in the Jiangnan water town, and giving citizens an ancient canal with rippling blue waves and a view every step of the way. The fifth is to take multiple measures to promote the realization of the value of ecological products. Comprehensive use of measures such as land reserves and comprehensive development of areas, allocate a reasonable proportion of commercial, residential and other commercial land in ecological restoration and surrounding areas, promote the value spillover of ecological products, and realize the economic value-added of regional land. Jiangyin City acquired 650.39 acres of land along the river, such as the former Yangtze River Shipyard and Huangtian Port Terminal, and demolished 147,000 square meters of houses. Most of them were planned for riverside parks, public facilities, urban greening, etc., and some residential land and land were reserved. For commercial land, relying on its good location advantages and ecological environment, the benefits brought by land value appreciation can cover the costs of land reserves, house demolition and ecological management, realizing the internalization of ecological restoration costs. Actively develop ecological industries in ecological product supply areas and open up channels for transforming green waters and lush mountains into mountains of gold and silver. Relying on the Qishan Emergency Water Source Project, Qishan Country Park will be restored and built, and a health care residential area integrating tourism, senior care, and living will be planned and constructed; 3 million square meters of nurseries will be planted within 10 kilometers of the surrounding area, and social capital will be introduced to build roses. plantations, develop ecological agriculture and tourism. Implement ecological compensation in key ecological functional areas to promote the realization of the value of public ecological products. In 2019, Jiangyin City issued the "Opinions on Adjusting and Improving Ecological Compensation Policies", which included permanent basic farmland into the scope of ecological compensation, and raised the compensation standards for rice fields, public welfare woodlands, important wetlands, centralized drinking water source protection areas, etc., focusing on It is used for ecological environment protection and restoration, long-term management of rural environment, social welfare undertakings and village-level economy, etc., to promote the production and value realization of high-quality ecological products through government transfer payments and other methods.

(3) Main achievements

First, the ecology is improving and the supply capacity of high-quality ecological products has been continuously improved. With the in-depth advancement of the key work of Yangtze River protection and regional ecological protection and restoration, the green coverage rate of Jiangyin City has increased to 43.19%, and 1 provincial wetland park, 3 wetland protection areas and 3 water source protection areas have been built. The city's wetland area reaches 9886.7 hectares, accounting for about 10% of the total area under its jurisdiction; the Yaogang Wetland Reserve has naturally restored more than 1,400 acres of natural reed marshes and wetland shrubs. Reeds, calamus and other plants grow lushly in the area, and egrets, cormorants, etc. Wild animal activities are frequent and it has become an important habitat and spawning ground for Yangtze River fish and migratory birds, forming a unique Yangtze River natural wetland landscape of "a thousand acres of reed ponds and a river of clear water". In 2019, the proportion of days with good air quality in Jiangyin City increased to 72.9%, and the number of heavily polluted days throughout the year was "cleared" for the first time. The average concentration of PM2.5 dropped by 13.6% year-on-year, 37.4 percentage points lower than at the end of the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" , the improvement rate ranks among the top in Jiangsu Province; the city's nine national and provincial water quality sections all meet the standards, and the proportion of water quality better than surface grade III reaches 77.8%, a year-on-year increase of 11.1 percentage points; the Qishan Emergency Response Station with a daily water supply capacity of 400,000 cubic meters has been built Alternate water sources provide double insurance for urban drinking water safety and the supply of water ecological products.

The second is to improve the beauty of the landscape and continue to improve the stability of the natural ecosystem. Jiangyin City has taken the initiative to reduce the productive coastline along the river from 23.4 kilometers required by the Jiangsu Provincial Government to 17.46 kilometers. All the withdrawn productive coastlines are used for ecological restoration. The built riverside park system consists of Shipyard Park, Shad Port Park, Jiucai Port Park, Huangtian Port Park, etc. are connected in series, together with the original Furong Lake Park, Fortress Forest Park, Elbizui Park, Wangjiang Park, etc., forming eight open parks along the Yangtze River coastline from east to west. style park. The completed first phase of the 30-kilometer Jiangyin City Ring Greenway connects urban parks, the Yangtze River coastline and canals, integrating mountains, water, forests, rivers, etc., forming an "emerald necklace" surrounding Jiangyin city. , which has greatly improved the landscape quality of Jiangyin urban area.

The third is to stabilize the mechanism and continue to improve the ability to realize the value of ecological products. Jiangyin City has established a relatively complete ecological compensation system, providing subsidies of 100 yuan, 450 yuan, 100 yuan, 200 yuan, and 100 yuan per mu per year to permanent basic farmland, rice fields, vegetable fields, public welfare woodlands, and economic woodlands respectively. ; Important wetlands are divided into three categories: county level, municipal level, provincial level and above, and subsidies are provided at three levels: 800,000 yuan, 1 million yuan, and 1.5 million yuan per year; for centralized drinking water source protection at county level and above Villages (communities) within the district, taking into account factors such as land area and permanent population, will receive subsidies in three levels: 1 million yuan, 1.5 million yuan, and 2 million yuan per village (community) per year to promote public ecology. Product value realization. "Advancing high-end industries and retreating low-end industries" will force enterprises to transform and upgrade, significantly increase the per-acre efficiency of industrial land, and drive land value appreciation and ecological product value spillover in ecological restoration areas. Actively integrate into the living circles of surrounding cities such as Shanghai and Nanjing, and actively develop ecological industries and emerging industries such as "ecology + tourism" and "ecology + culture" that serve the hinterland of the Yangtze River Delta and are led by ecotourism, platform economy, and hub economy. industry and fully realize the intrinsic value of “good mountains, good water and good scenery”.