A summary of appreciation of ancient poetry and classical Chinese

1. Summary of the text knowledge of the Chinese elective courses "Appreciation of Ancient Poems and Poems in China" and "Governing and Metallurgy in Ximen Bao". This article is taken from the appendix of Historical Records Funny Biography.

This was written by Chu Sunshao, a historian at the end of the Western Han Dynasty. Chu Sunshao was born in Yingchuan (now Yuxian County, Henan Province) and was a doctor from Yuan to Cheng.

The story that Ximen Bao proclaimed himself emperor took place in Wei at the beginning of the Warring States Period. Yexian County is in the north of Wei State, adjacent to Zhao State, and is an important border county of Wei State.

In terms of natural conditions, "Zhang Shui is furious and impermanent to migrate" here, which is often flooded. Local reactionary forces used natural disasters to propagate superstition, extort and exploit people, and forced farmers to flee, which seriously undermined the development of agricultural production and thus affected the consolidation of feudal system.

Therefore, Ximen Bao cracked down on the reactionary forces and banned the superstitious activities of marrying Hebo, which not only lightened the heavy burden of local farmers, but also benefited agricultural production and social development. There have always been many problems with sentence breaking in this article. Now, refer to Comrade Wang Fengyang's "On Punctuation in Ximen Bao" (the second issue of Chinese version of Correspondence Teaching in Jilin Normal University) for reference.

Wei Wenhou (1) and Ximen Bao (2) booked it for him. The leopard is gone.

Go to see the elders in Ye Hui and ask about their sufferings. The elder said, "It is difficult for Hebo to get a wife, so that he is poor."

The leopard asked him why, and he said to the leopard, "Ye Sanlao and Ding Yi have been collecting taxes from the people all the year round and collected millions of dollars. They married He Bo with their own 200,000-300,000 yuan, and shared the rest with Zhu Wu. At that time, attending, Xing Wu regarded the family as a good woman, attending, and why Yun was Bo's wife, that is, taking ⒅.

[14] Bathing is to cure new clothes [14]; ⒂. In order to cure diseases and fast in seclusion, Zhai Guanhe and Zhang Titi Jiang Wei lived among them. Eat beef wine. After more than ten days, * * * whitewashed like married a woman.

Mattresses let women live on them (2 1) and float in the river. At first, the number of rows was ten miles.

There are good women at home, afraid of being taken away by Hebo (22), so they run away with more women, so the old city is empty and poor (23). It has been a long time (24).

As the saying goes, "If you don't marry Hebo (25), the water will float away and drown his people". Ximen Bao said, "I'm going to marry Hebo, and I hope the three elders, the five masters and the father will send her into the river. Fortunately, I will tell her (27) that I will send her. "

They all said, "Yes" (28). 1. Wei Wenhou: Wei Si, the monarch of Wei State in the early Warring States Period.

②. Ximen Bao: First name, compound surname Simon, famous leopard. 3. Ye Ling: Ye, the place name, is now Linzhang County, Hebei Province.

Order, the ancient official name, here refers to the county magistrate. (4) Presbyterian Church: Convene senior and prestigious people in the county.

⑤ Ask the people about their sufferings: Ask them (referring to the elders) what the people feel painful. Therefore, a special demonstrative pronoun means "what ……" here.

6. Hebo: River God. ⑦ Three old people: ancient officials in charge of education.

There are three levels: villagers and county people. ⑧ Ting Wei: An official who assisted county magistrate in ancient times.

Pet-name ruby, always collect the people: collect taxes from the people all the year round. Often, usually.

Years, years. Tax.

10. Wishing Witch: Wishing is a person who prays for God for others. Witches are people who dance and pray for others, so wishing witches are also called. ⑾. The wizard regards the small family as a good girl: the old wizard walks around and sees a poor family with a good face.

Visit, patrol, visit, ask for help. A little girl, a girl from a poor family.

⑿, take: ⑿, share the rent, pay the dowry, and get engaged. Marry together, marry together.

[13] Bath: Take a bath and wash your hair. 14. In order to treat the new clothes: make all kinds of new silk clothes and gauze clothes for her.

Tapestry, the general term for silk fabrics. Qi, patterned silk.

Twill, crepe, now referred to as crepe. ⒂. Rest and fasting: In ancient times, when offering sacrifices, we should first fast (including bathing, washing hair, wearing clean clothes, not eating in sexual intercourse, living in a clean house, and keeping our body and mind clean) to show our piety to ghosts and gods.

Seclusion, solitude, isolation. -⒃, fasting palace: the house where you live during fasting.

⒄, Zhang Tijiang Wei: Hang yellow, red and crimson silk curtains. Twigs, yellow and red silk.

Crimson, crimson. Curtains, curtains.

⒅ Niujiu: Beef and wine, generally referring to exquisite food. Pet-name ruby, more than ten days: more than ten days later.

Ok, pass by. ⒇ * * whitewashes like marrying a daughter: the witch dresses the little girl with others as if she really wants to marry her daughter.

Paint, decorate, dress up. (2 1), the bed is for the daughter: prepare the mattress (the bed and seat here are not for sleeping) and let the little girl sit on it.

(22), wizard wish: the leader of the wizard, that is, the "old woman" below. (23), trapped in poverty: driven by poverty.

This means "falling into poverty". It's been a long time: this situation has been going on for a long time.

Never, it refers to marrying Hebo and the resulting situation of people dying and being down and out. (25), that is, if, if.

(26), drowning: drowning. Yun: Modal particles are used after quotations, sometimes as "Yun Yun", indicating the tone of "it is said so".

Fortunately, there is an adverb of respect here, which means to be proud of hope. (28), commitment: the voice of agreement, indicating agreement.

At that time, Ximen Bao will go to the riverside (1), and the elders of the people, officials, rich families (2), all the elders in the village (3), and 3,200 people will watch the people (4). The witch, the old woman, is seventy years old.

From the Disciple's Ten Girls' Hospital (5), they are all dressed in single clothes (5) to be big queens. Ximen Bao said, "Call Mrs. Hebo and treat her ugly."

This woman will walk out of the curtain, and she will come to the front. The leopard regarded him as a three-year-old man, and Wu Zhu and his son said, "It's the woman's fault. Exorcist's entry into Hebo is troublesome. He has to hire a good woman and deliver it the next day. "

Even if collectors pawn * * * threw himself into the river. After a while, he said, "Why did the witch stay so long? Disciple interest attending! " After that, he was thrown into the river by a disciple.

After a while, he said, "What about disciple? Make one person interesting again! " An apprentice who went back to the river. The third disciple of Fantou.

Ximen Bao said, "Mages and disciples are women. You can't do things for nothing, but you have to bother the three elders to do things for nothing. " Re-investment in San Lao River.

Ximen Bao broke his pen and stayed in the river for a long time. The elders, officials and audience were frightened.

Ximen Bao said to him, "What shall we do if the wizard and the old man don't come back?" I want to interest the court and the elderly again. They all kowtowed, kowtowed and broke, their foreheads were bleeding and their faces were as white as ash.

Ximen Bao said, "Promise. Let's put it aside for the time being. "

After a while, the leopard said, "The court is here. It seems that Hebo has been here for a long time. If it's all gone, go home. "

Ye Li and the people were frightened, afraid to mention marrying Hebo again. Ximen Bao immediately sent someone to dig twelve canals to lead them through ⒄.

2. High school Chinese People's Education Edition poetry elective "China Ancient Poetry Prose Appreciation" full text recitation:

Mrs Xiang/Qu Yuan

Quasi-difficult to go (4)/Bao Zhao

Shuxiang/Du Fu

Wuhou temple after class

Book indignation/Lu you

After class, the spring rain in Lin 'an began.

An Ancient Tour of Viet Nam and China/Li Bai

Mei/Li Qingzhao

Moonlight on the Spring River/Zhang

Night Gate Song/Meng Haoran

Dream of Mount Tianmu/Li Bai

Deng Yueyang Tower/Du Fu

after school

Three songs need to be mastered.

Foreign Nights/Du Fu

Yangzhou Slow/Jiangkui

Jinjin wine/Li Bai

Ge Ye/Du Fu

Li Ping/Li He

Yu Meiren/Li Yu

Wave sand after class

Su Muzhe/Zhou Bangyan

A Song of Gong Fangfu/Du Mu

Preface to the Spring Banquet of Taohuayuan Brothers/Li Bai

Some texts require reciting:

Song of everlasting regret/Bai Juyi

National mourning/Qu Yuan

Yan Gehang/Gao Shi

Deng Liuzhou Tower, Zhang Ting, Fenglian, Sizhou/Liu Zongyuan.

Bodhisattva Man/Wen Tingyun

Know a cow by hand/Zhuangzi

The death of Xiang Yu/Sima Qian

Six Kingdoms Theory/Su Xun

Biography of Lingguan/Ouyang Xiu

Writing and painting: the story of colorful bamboo in the valley/Su Shi

Tree planting biography/Liu Zongyuan

Ji Xiang Xuanzhi/Gui Youguang

In fact, there are quite a few test sites for this book.

And basically all of them require rote learning, but our Chinese knowledge at the end of this year focuses on famous books and common sense of Chinese (including China's classical names and famous foreign classical essays, etc. )

So just reciting is not enough.

Come on! ! !

3. I would like to ask which articles are the key points in the appreciation of ancient poetry in senior high school Chinese elective course, because the classical Chinese in senior high school textbooks is not the key point, because the classical Chinese in the college entrance examination is never tested in the class.

If we really know that the master wants to learn some basic knowledge of classical Chinese through the classical Chinese selected in the textbook. For example, the usage and function of function words in classical Chinese, interchangeable words, ancient and modern synonyms, compound words and synonyms with partial meanings, conditions for flexible use of parts of speech, sentence patterns corresponding to intentional usage, causative usage and passive usage in modern Chinese, judgment and translation countermeasures of special sentence patterns, words corresponding to modern Chinese in fixed phrases, and common sense of ancient culture.

At the same time, we should practice the translation of classical Chinese through the text (we must follow the principle of "faithfulness and expressiveness"). The ultimate goal of learning classical Chinese is to understand the content of the article and correctly translate classical Chinese into modern Chinese.

4. There are a lot of appreciation contents in the elective course "Appreciation of China Ancient Poetry" published by Chinese People's Education Edition in senior high school. I can only help you extract it and see if it is what you want. You can only go to primary school to teach and educate Wang ~ for more details, and that's where I found it.

First, an overview of The Book of Songs:

China's first poetry collection, * * *, contains 305 poems from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the mid-Spring and Autumn Period, which are divided into three parts: style, elegance and praise. "Wind" is a folk song, including the folk songs of fifteen places, which is the so-called "fifteen-country wind". Fifteen places are:,, Iraq, Wei, Wang, Zheng, Qi, Wei, Tang, Qin, Chen, Qi, Cao, etc., mostly in the Yellow River Basin. There are *** 160 articles about "wind", most of which are works that people express their feelings. These poems occupy a major position in the Book of Songs and are more realistic than Ya Song. "Ya" is divided into "Ya" and "Ya". "Elegance" is used for grand banquet ceremony and "Xiaoya" is used for general banquet ceremony, both of which are music songs of the Western Zhou Dynasty. Among them, there are narrative poems, lyric poems, eulogizing the heroes of the previous generation, and satirizing the politics at that time. *** 105, most of which are highly realistic works. Ode is a sacrificial song of "Tell the God of Success". Zhou Fu 3 1 piece, Lu Fu 4, Shang Fu 5, a total of 40 pieces. These poems are dedicated to ancestors, mountains and rivers, and farmers. Adopt the methods of Fu, Bi and Xing. Wind, elegance, praise, fu, comparison and harmony are called the six meanings of the Book of Songs. Zheng Qiao's Preface to Tongzhi: "The voice of local customs speaks of the wind, the voice of the imperial court speaks of elegance, and the voice of the ancestral temple speaks of praise".

Notes on The Book of Songs: Jian Zheng in Shi Mao (Han Zhengxuan), Justice in Shi Mao (Tang Kong Ying Da), Biography of Poetry (Song Zhuxi), Selected Translation of Modern Yu Guanying Poems and Songs.