How to instruct students to write diaries well

Wei Liqian's listening, speaking, reading and writing are very important contents in Chinese teaching in primary schools, especially writing is one of the most important indicators to reflect students' overall Chinese literacy. Among them, keeping a diary is one of the most effective ways to improve the writing level-Wei Shusheng and other experts all say so and do the same. As an ordinary Chinese teacher, more than ten years of Chinese teaching experience tells me that cultivating students' good habit of keeping a diary is indeed one of the shortcuts to improve students' writing level. Why do you say that? Because keeping a diary is an effective way for primary school students to practice writing, keeping a diary has several advantages to improve their language expression ability: (1) The diary form is short and conforms to students' actual ability; (2) It is beneficial to the long-term training of exercise ability; (3) Diaries are rich in content and students have something to say. (4) Diary is more a record of students' own lives, thoughts and feelings, and it is "what they say to themselves". Students are more free and interested in writing. Although "practicing writing more" (keeping a diary) is also a requirement of the new curriculum standard for homework, it is not easy to make students like writing from the beginning, and then write at the meeting and love writing. Teachers need careful guidance to make students feel the joy of writing diaries, not as a task, but as their own needs and enjoyment, so that the role of diaries can really be brought into play. In my own practice, I often cultivate students' habit of keeping a diary in the following ways: First, teach the first lesson well and actively guide. Whenever I take over a new class, I will specially prepare this remedial class. Tell the students the necessity of keeping a diary with vivid metaphors. Tell the students that some people use cameras to shoot scenes with special significance in their own or others' lives, and some people use cameras to shoot highlights or unforgettable moments in their lives. This is a time when people use cameras and video cameras to record beautiful moments in their lives. Of course, there are many ways to record the wonderful moments in life. How do you imagine that primary school students can record our lives? Students naturally regard painting as a form. So I told students that there is a better form, that is, keeping a diary. Keeping a diary means that we primary school students use pens as cameras and video cameras to record the fun of childhood growth. I also took out my children's photo album and showed it to the students one by one. I read the growth record I wrote for my children under the photos taken on their birthdays every year. After listening, the students were full of curiosity and felt the story behind these photos and the cuteness of my children in infancy. But because of my carelessness, I forgot to take notes when the child was two years old, so there was a blank under the photo album of the child when he was two years old. I told the students that I wouldn't make up this part of the record now or even in the future, because now the child has grown up and can't return to what he was when he was two years old. Although there are photos of him when he was two years old, I can't remember the story behind the photos. This will be my lifelong regret! I also told the students that they would grow up slowly and their childhood would never come back. If they can record their growth footprints in time and record the innocence and cuteness of their childhood, it will be a valuable asset for them when they grow up. Then, in this class, I will tell the students some experiences of famous people keeping diaries, exchange the benefits of keeping diaries, reveal the secrets of keeping diaries, broaden the contents of keeping diaries, and so on, so as to make the students afraid of writing and eliminate their incorrect understanding of diaries. Second, set an example and try easily. I tell my students that keeping a diary is to write down what I have seen, heard and done with my own eyes. Keeping a diary means writing down what you want to say. These things may happen in the classroom, on campus, on the way to school or at home. As long as you write down what you have seen, heard, done and thought, this is a diary (or a weekly diary). If we don't use pens to record our colorful childhood life. If you miss it, sometimes you will regret it all your life and your childhood. I read several short diaries that are closely related to students' lives, so that they can feel what a diary is and how to write it. Then let the students try to write. Of course, teachers should take care of students' "first jobs", positively affirm and praise them, and even encourage outstanding students. Don't ask too much of students' diaries, encourage students to write whatever they want, as long as it is their own life and their own thoughts; You can write as you like, as long as you can write what you hear, see and feel coherently. You don't need to choose words and make sentences, lay out articles, write topics, highlight key points, as long as you are childlike. Let students feel that it is easy to keep a diary, and it is a happy thing to keep a diary, so as to cultivate students' interest and habit in keeping a diary. At the same time, set an example among students, guide students to learn from each other through class exchanges, exhibitions and other forms, form a good competitive atmosphere, and let them feel the joy of success and the joy of keeping a diary. Guide students to keep a diary as a part of their lives, so that they can easily keep a diary, record their lives and understand the shallow significance of keeping a diary. As a teacher, students are required to form a habit, and keeping a diary is no exception, that is, "writing in water." Because the teacher's hydrology is the introduction and reference of students' compositions. If the students don't compare, the composition will be put casually. Pupils' compositions don't have their own opinions like adults. They are in the period of imitation. Without imitation, there is no innovation. Many illustrations in Chinese books are also good helpers in writing. For example, if we talk about articles like learning to draw, teachers can make good use of them. In the classroom, through the guidance of illustrations, not only the key contents of the text are well consolidated, but also students are well taught how to observe and express in an orderly manner. In this way, children will have a strong interest in writing. Without telling them too many writing skills, they will unconsciously understand that writing should have a certain order, and characters should have descriptions of expressions, language and movements, so as to be vivid and full. If you don't give guidance, it is unrealistic for a learner to just let children write at will. Only by helping them walk a little can we give them more space to create consciously. Home and school are united and encourage each other. Since keeping a diary is usually done at home, I attach great importance to winning the help of my parents. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain the support and cooperation of parents. I usually communicate well with my parents. In the contact with parents, parents also summed up some experiences, such as cultivating children's interest; Can't rush for success; Stimulate children's desire to speak; Guide students to observe and think more; Create a relaxed environment for children to experience success; Necessary supervision; Parents' enthusiastic participation and so on. I also give some advice to parents to guide their children to keep a diary. 1, say. Generally speaking, before students write, I always ask students to recall their day's life and choose writable materials. Then, after some thinking, tell parents what to write and ask them to put forward valuable opinions or suggestions. If the child speaks fluently, his thoughts will be straightened out and it will be much easier to write again. 2. write it. Because children's literacy ability is limited, students should ask their parents or consult the dictionary as much as possible when they encounter words that they can't write. Although children can write pinyin, I think students will have the joy of success if they write words that can't be written with the help of parents or dictionaries. At the same time, children will know more words and write more words, which avoids the lazy problem that children want to write syllables when they encounter words that cannot be written, and improves the literacy rate. 3. Reward. After the children finish writing, I encourage students to read aloud to their parents (if other family members are at home, it is best to invite them to enjoy it as the children's first readers) to increase their sense of success and pride. 4. Save the students' works. Diary is a kind of writing camera, which records the joys and sorrows, successes and failures of students during their growth. It also records the gradual improvement of children's observation, language, especially the ability to express and understand things in writing. Therefore, I often encourage students to be conscientious people, keep the used diaries well, and even print them out and bind them with a computer if possible. Think of this booklet as a book and put it on your bookshelf. On students' relaxed days, reading it again will relive their past experiences and arouse their good memories of the past. Of course, after reading the past articles and comparing the current diaries, students will obviously feel that they are making progress day by day and their writing level is gradually improving. In addition, students will feel the joy of success when they see that their diaries can be systematically bound into "books" and stand proudly on the bookshelf like other books they buy. This will also urge and motivate students to keep diaries further, cultivate the habit of keeping diaries and enjoy the fun of keeping diaries. Fourth, exchange evaluation in time and learn from each other. 1. There is a diary exchange in the first Chinese class or in the morning reading. Students often learn from their peers. This kind of learning is comparable because they are at the same level, so keeping a good diary can lead to poverty. This kind of guidance is more effective than how many times the teacher says it. So pay attention to the communication between classmates. Students read their diaries in groups. Let friends be their first readers, and increase children's sense of success and pride. At the same time, students will find unreasonable sentences, typos and other defects in the article during reading, and will consciously modify them or modify them after their peers ask questions. In order to win the recognition or appreciation of friends, they will try their best to write articles more smoothly. At the same time, I asked them to choose the students who wrote the best and the students who wrote the diaries well to read aloud in front of the whole class. Teachers must find out the good sentences or paragraphs written by children or the progress made in the last article to encourage students. Of course, praise students must be in place, targeted, combined with specific sentences in students' texts, so that students can truly feel their success and progress; Don't say "yes" in general, it will make students feel that you are dealing with him. On the basis of praise, then gently put forward suggestions for revision. Euphemistically suggest revisions, such as: "If you can change ┉┉, the article will be better" or "If you change like this, the article will be better". In this way, the teacher communicates with the students in a consultative tone, and the students can easily accept the teacher's advice. Of course, the teacher's suggestions for revision should be operable, and students can complete them with a little effort. Suggestions for revision should not be too big and empty, and students' articles should not be completely rejected, which will dampen their enthusiasm for writing. At the same time, teachers should pay attention to praise and encouragement when correcting, and care about students' interest and enthusiasm. 2. The teacher should read the comments in time, don't write them in the diary, and give the students some surprises in time. It seems natural to correct students' diaries and write comments, but I have been rewriting them in recent years, and the effect is much better than before. Students really don't like reading comments written with a critical eye and an objective and calm attitude. Because of its evaluation, diagnosis and guidance functions, it seems that it does not play much role. However, the heart is different. It uses the second person to communicate with students in perceptual, personalized and beautified language, which not only cultivates students' interest in keeping a diary, but also plays an effective role in guiding, encouraging, diagnosing and strengthening. Students not only love watching, but also "never tire of watching". The content of the heart language can be: (1) responding to some questions raised by students; (2) Discuss topics of interest with students; (3) praise their progress and advantages; (4) Prompt some shortcomings in the diary; (5) Talk about your troubles, so that students can feel that you trust him and get close to you. Perhaps it is the heart-to-heart communication week after week, and our teachers and classmates are very much looking forward to the day when we hand in our diaries and have diary classes. Often students will follow me and ask, "Teacher, what about my diary?" "Teacher, what do I remember every day?" "When does the teacher keep a diary?" In addition, giving students some unexpected surprises in time can also stimulate interest. For example: draw a small red flower, cover a thumb, trophy and so on for the progressive students; Take a group photo for students with good grades, award certificates to students with rapid progress, and write a happy report for students with outstanding performance ... The article imagines drawing wings for flying, drawing a cartoon character for him with good anthropomorphic techniques, and drawing a smiling face to express his encouragement ... Unexpected surprises should be masterpieces created by teachers, who should have creative thinking and try to motivate him in novel ways. Teachers' innovation not only cultivates students' interest in keeping diaries, but also inspires students' creative thinking. There are innovative teachers and innovative students. 3. Recommend publication to stimulate autonomy. When I find a valuable article, I will ask him to revise it first, then revise it together, and finally let him copy it and take part in the school competition. Now they can post some good exercises on their blogs. Let them experience greater gains and the joy of success, which will stimulate their enthusiasm and better form the habit of keeping a diary. Even so, there are still students who are puzzled by the contents of the diary and feel that there is nothing to write. They don't know what to write, and they always find it difficult to find the contents of their diaries. In fact, diary content is ubiquitous and very rich, so how to guide students to find diary materials in their lives? 5. Guide students to find diary materials. Many things happen at the end of the day in students' life, but because of their young age, poor ability to observe and experience life and fun, it is not easy for students to find something worth writing every day. This requires our teachers to give guidance and help. 1, looking for material in family life. I often guide students to ask questions that their parents don't understand at home. If parents can answer, they should listen carefully to their explanations. If parents can't answer, they can ask others, check the information, ask the teacher, and finally learn to ask questions. As long as the students understand, make it clear, and even refer to the analogy, this matter will leave a deep impression on the students' minds, and students will have a sense of satisfaction and pleasure after getting the answer. If students are asked to write down this satisfaction, it is a diary. I often guide students to be a real little master in the family, care about small changes in the family and be a caring person in life. For example, guide students to observe what new items have been added at home, observe the shape, color and feeling of this item, and ask parents to help them understand the purpose of this item and their thoughts after seeing it; If it is food, you can also look at the shape and color of the food, taste it, compare it with other similar foods, and then write it down. This is also a diary. For example, my parents cooked a delicious meal for me, I was happy when I had guests at home, the flowers blossomed on the balcony, a picture I made, a picture I made on the computer, a jigsaw puzzle, a dream last night, an idea after watching a good TV program and a good book, a game with my parents, a family debate on a problem, and so on. , can become a student's diary. As long as you observe carefully, family life is an inexhaustible treasure house of diary resources. 2. Look for information on the way to school. I often guide students to observe what happens on the way to and from school, such as finding their favorite cars, changes in roadside buildings, flowers and trees, distinctive slogans, advertisements, and even changes in the weather. My views on unexpected things on the road are also good materials for keeping a diary. For example, one morning last winter, on my way to work, I suddenly looked up and saw the big poplars on both sides of the road bare. After the gardener's pruning, the branches of poplar are lifted from the ground, showing various shapes. So when I got to school, I guided the students to pay close attention to the big poplars on both sides of the road on the way home from school that day, see their appearance, spread their imagination wings and imagine the big poplars they saw. The next day, I asked the students what they saw. They talked one after another, and some said, "In winter, all these poplars along the road have lost their leaves and are bare." Some said, "The poplar tree I saw has three big branches, like a big fork for eating", while others said, "Some branches are curved, like a small chair". Others said: "Some branches spread out like blooming flowers; Some branches hang upside down like pistols. " . . . . . Listening to the imaginative speeches of the students, I smiled. Although what some children say is not reasonable, I am still very pleased to see the children spread their imagination wings and fly against these winter poplars. I encourage students to write down what they observed the day before and what everyone just said. Students are very happy to write this diary and feel the joy of successful observation. Afterwards, I guided my classmates to think more about what they saw and have a look. There will be many novel discoveries and good diary materials for yourself. 3. Find materials for campus life. I also often guide students to observe and experience interesting things, games, interesting words said by a classmate, praise and criticism from a teacher, a proud homework, some changes discovered by children themselves, their favorite class, an experiment, an activity, what they saw and asked when they went out in groups, and so on. These can be said to be materials that students like to see and hear. During a break, the math teacher put some learning tools-several abacus on the platform and went to the toilet. Several students in the class are curious and have made abacus. Because of their devotion, even when the bell rang, the math teacher came into the classroom, but these students didn't notice. So that when the monitor shouted to stand up, these students nervously ran to the wrong seat, which caused the students to laugh. This scene happened to be seen by me who happened to pass by. I know that the materials to guide students to speak and keep a diary have come. After this math class, it is my Chinese class. I changed my teaching plan temporarily, but I asked with interest, "Students, some students were very happy to make an abacus during the last recess. How to play the abacus? Where can I see that these students like to finish the abacus? " The students were talking and laughing and very happy. I took the opportunity to say, "These students are really interesting! No wonder everyone was so happy in math class just now! Students, let's write this down and let the teachers share this happiness, shall we? " The students readily agreed. On the basis of observation and narration, students' thinking is much clearer, and it is much easier to write this diary again. The diaries written by students in class are rich and interesting, and many articles are read in class as model essays. In this kind of teacher's immediate guidance and writing, students understand that there are still rich diary materials to write among the students at school. 4. There are festive materials. Nowadays, parents often take their children to visit relatives and friends and go sightseeing during holidays and weekend parties. In these happy days, our teacher should also be a caring person, guide students to experience life, observe carefully, and even let students enjoy the fun and feel the fun of life on the basis of ensuring safety. After the activity, learn to record the parts that you feel most deeply and are most interested in. Children can speak and write. For example, when a student goes to a mountainous area to play, he occasionally sees some trees on the mountain, which are covered with fruits the size of green ping-pong balls. The student picked a fruit and chewed it without his parents knowing. He feels very astringent and difficult to swallow. With the help of his parents, he broke the green skin and was delighted to find that what looked like green table tennis in his hand turned out to be a walnut! In this way, from watching walnuts-tasting walnuts-smashing walnuts-knowing walnuts, students have observed and found them in fun. The student wrote this content in a diary, which is very real, concrete and interesting. I read this classmate's article as a model essay for the whole class, guiding students to play on holidays and weekends, and still being a conscientious person in life. As long as you put your heart into it, you can learn everything in life, and you can find materials for keeping a diary everywhere. 5. Materials in reading. (1) Guide students to read. Keeping a good diary requires a certain amount of life accumulation and writing training, but it also requires a certain amount of reading accumulation. With a certain amount of reading accumulation, children's horizons will be broadened and their knowledge will be broad. Children will learn all aspects of nutrition from reading, improve their ability to understand and analyze things, and improve their language skills. Suhomlinski once said: "Real reading can attract students' reason and mind, arouse their deep thinking about the world and themselves, and force them to know themselves and think about their future. Without reading, students will have no desire to learn, and their spiritual world will become narrow and poor. "There is no doubt that reading plays a positive leading role in students' study and life. Therefore, it is particularly important to cultivate students' reading interest and strengthen students' extracurricular reading. Therefore, as a teacher, we must try our best to guide students to read more extracurricular books, read books suitable for students' age, improve students' reading level, and provide rich reading accumulation for students to keep diaries. (2) the material in reading. Childhood is the most imaginative time. As long as we create conditions for them, they are willing to fly around with the wings of imagination. After learning a text, especially a fairy tale, students often feel dissatisfied with the ending of the story, and they also want to know the future story. At this time, I encourage them to continue to make up stories, let them make up a satisfactory ending or continue to make up stories according to their own wishes. Sometimes, after learning a children's song, students will have the impulse to create children's songs, or when they want to say something after reading a story, a book, a movie or a good TV program, or after reading an extracurricular book or inspired by a certain life detail, I will actively encourage them to write down what they want to say. Leave a broad creative space for students and let their imagination run wild. The above materials are all students' favorite in life. As long as the teacher gives him prompt and guidance in time, there will be fairy tales, sequel stories, reading notes, children's songs and other contents in the students' diaries, and the contents of the children's diaries will be more colorful. It is difficult for students to really fall in love with diaries. So think more ways, even if it takes a lot of time, you should work hard. As long as students fall in love with diaries, our Chinese teaching means success. Pay attention to three points: in the practice of cultivating students' habit of keeping a diary, I find that the following points should be paid attention to: first, students must be asked to tell the truth from the beginning, so that "I write my heart by hand"; Secondly, we should pay attention to persistence and seriousness, especially at the beginning, we must write every day, and other homework can be put aside, but we must never tolerate checking diaries, so as to form a habit; The third is to respect the privacy of students. When students are unwilling to disclose their diaries, we can't force them. Otherwise, not only will students stop talking about color change, but they will also destroy their growing free mind and independent personality. The fourth is to guide students to remember more positive and happy things. Even when you are sad, teachers should guide students to treat them with a positive attitude. Because according to New Scientist, the latest research results of British psychologists show that some people habitually use diaries to vent their dissatisfaction, forming a traumatic process of repeated memories. People who often keep diaries are more likely to have headaches, insomnia, indigestion and other symptoms than those who don't. Therefore, students should also pay attention to giving positive guidance when writing diaries.