2017 Psychological Counselor "Health Psychology" simulation questions and answers (2)

5) There is an inevitable relationship between anxiety and intelligence. Children with high intelligence, due to their sensitivity to danger, have stronger tendencies of fear and anxiety, can vividly experience frightened experiences, and have better language skills. Express their fears; children with low intelligence are less afraid and cannot express their inner fears because they are not alert to various potential cues. There is a negative correlation between anxiety and intelligence. Anxiety has a great impact on people with moderate intelligence, but has a minimal impact on people with extreme intelligence.

6) Anxiety affects self-acceptance and self-insight. People with high anxiety have an imperfect self-concept, which affects personal behavioral adaptation. In particular, high levels of failure may cause the self to shrink and reject risk-taking opportunities.

7) Anxiety affects academic achievement, and children’s academic achievement level is related to the homework pressure exerted on children. Generally, intelligence is closely related to children's academic achievement, but the difference in academic achievement among children with the same intelligence is closely related to their anxiety levels. Therefore, using anxiety scores to predict academic achievement is more effective than predicting intelligence scores alone.

8) In short, anxiety has a mixed impact on individuals. Moderate anxiety is beneficial to school performance and learning, and is also an indispensable inner strength for personal survival. However, excessive anxiety will affect personal cognition. , thinking, work orientation and self-concept.

8. In what aspects can mental disorder be diagnosed?

1) Appearance: If a person’s dress and appearance are not within the normal range of society, it implies that he has some kind of mental illness. existence;

2) Consciousness: no response to external stimuli, daze, lack of concentration;

3) Orientation: knowledge and understanding of time, place, and people Impaired;

4) Memory: Remember certain things very clearly, or lose memory about something;

5) Perception: Feel that you are not yourself, but someone else People;

6) In terms of thinking: the conscious thoughts are suddenly interrupted, but there is a series of strange thoughts;

　7) In terms of emotions: excessive joy, depression, tension, panic, contradiction, and rage;

8) In terms of movement: restlessness, withdrawal, degradation, solitary speech, decreased or increased activity;

　9) In terms of personality: one person suddenly becomes completely different from another person or his personality is different from that of ordinary people There is a long way to go;

10) Lifestyle disorders: Becoming irresponsible and incompetent at work, not liking to interact with others, and not abiding by group rules;

11) Intelligence: relying on Judging by the age group, it is obvious that you are ignorant, have no common sense, and cannot take care of yourself;

12) In terms of illness awareness: you do not admit that you have problems, but blame others for their problems.

9. Please briefly describe the environmental factors that cause psychological disorders.

1) Over-indulgence, indulgence, single-parent family compensation psychology, overly strict discipline, inconsistent parenting attitudes, etc., cause bad parent-child relationships and affect children's personality pathological tendencies;

2 ) Sensory deprivation environments can easily cause mental symptoms, such as monotony, dullness, boredom, loneliness, or environments that are too quiet and lack changes, which can produce various hallucinations, delusions, suspicion, depression and other mental symptoms;

3 ) Social function deprivation environment means that when a person lives in the world, he must feel the value of his own existence, the meaning and hope of life. If an individual's job opportunities are deprived and social functions disappear, the individual will feel fear and lack of security. , restlessness, and depression, thus leading to various mental symptoms, such as irritability, aggression, suicide, etc.;

4) Socioeconomic status factors, research predicts: There are more mental disorders with low socioeconomic status than socioeconomic status Those with high status are known to be under pressure from life, often hit by accidents, and unable to obtain good medical treatment and care.

10. What are the steps of family therapy?

1) The therapist establishes a good relationship with all family members, but from an objective and detached standpoint;

2 ) Stimulate family members’ inner feelings and expression of conflict psychology;

　3) Support family members to express their inner feelings;

　4) Work towards coordination and compromise;

5) Each member makes appropriate adjustments;

6) Provides necessary and meaningful explanations and suggestions;

7) Adopts better forms of communication and interaction.

11. What are the four characteristics of a healthy friendship relationship proposed by Rogers?

Rogers proposed that friendship can promote personal growth and help us fulfill our needs for independence and self-realization.

1) Sincerity: Be loyal to your own feelings and do not hide hypocrisy;

2) Warmth: Accept the other person without attaching conditions;

3) Empathy : Listen carefully to what the other person says and feels, and care about the other person;

4) Self-disclosure: People who think openly are more likely to have friends, but disclosing for the first time may be risky, and may also lead to ridicule or derogation. So be careful when choosing the best.

12. What are the three major topics of career education?

1) Learning how to live

2) Learning how to learn

3 ) Learning how to make a living can be regarded as vocational education in a broad sense.

13. What are the factors that affect job satisfaction?

1) The job itself and working conditions: Most people like things that are interesting, competent, helpful to others, and competitive. Sexual work will make you feel satisfied;

2) Remuneration: Good remuneration is very important, but it does not rank first. When there is no interest in the work itself and other treatment is unfair, money is a powerful inducement. .

3) Friendly and cooperative colleagues

4) A caring and considerate boss or a boss who can make decisions on his own without having to ask for instructions;

5) Promotion opportunities : Promotion may bring about work pressure and alienation from colleagues, but it can bring about increased remuneration and increased sense of responsibility. It is a kind of affirmation and encouragement and can enhance career development.

14. What are the functions of leisure?

1) It can relax the body and mind

2) It can make us satisfied outside of work

3) It can expand our life experience

4) It can enhance personal physical and mental development

15. Briefly describe the S-V-R theory of love.

The S-V-R theory is used by psychologists to explain the emotional process of men and women. S refers to stimulation, V refers to value, and R refers to role, which means that the process from dating to marriage between men and women has stages: in the first stage of the relationship, the focus of both parties' attention is mostly on the appearance, body shape of the other party. , conversation and behavior, age, health, education and other external conditions or stimulation; in the second stage, if both parties find that they have the same hobbies, interests, attitudes, ideals, values, and similar personalities, they will establish a relatively stable relationship. Friendship develops into love; in the third stage, if both parties adjust their roles in getting along with each other, they can discuss marriage and establish a long-term relationship between husband and wife who live together. Emphasize that love is the process of building an intimate relationship, not the end of an intimate relationship.

16. What are the techniques to improve decision-making?

1) Obtain sufficient information;

2) Use sound judgment;

3) Draw a balance sheet;

4) Clarify values ??and goals;

5) Accept rational results;

6) Correct wrong decisions

3. Essay questions

1. Try to discuss the use and effect of self-defense methods based on life examples?

Self-defense methods are also called adaptive methods, and their purpose is to maintain self-security. , so that the self is not threatened. It can be divided into five categories according to its relationship with reality:

1. Forgetting reality

1) Fantasy: fantasizing about one's own success may form schizophrenia

2) Identity: Comparing oneself to other successful people cannot be used as a substitute for reality

2. Distorting reality: that is, rationalization.

1) Projection: blaming your own failures or mistakes on others or the environment without admitting your mistakes.

2) Sour grapes: Grapes that cannot be eaten are sour.

3) Sweet lemon: settle for low-level satisfaction.

The above uses are harmless in moderation. If you deceive yourself and others in moderation, you will tend to have false beliefs and become delusional.

3. Compensate for reality

1) Compensation: borrowing from others A successful activity replaces the original failure to satisfy the loser's desires. Overcompensation may not be successful and may cause neurosis

2) Sublimation: directing subconscious impulses and socially unacceptable desires into reasonable channels

3) Dissolution : It is a kind of negative compensation in the nature of atonement.

4. Retreating from reality, including: 1) suppression; 2) reaction; 3) indifference; 4) pretense; 5) degradation; 6) retreat; 7) submission;

　5. Attacking reality, including: 1) Attack; 2) Fixation

Although the above methods have self-comfort and emotional buffering effects, they cannot really solve the problem. Only facing the problem and overcoming the difficulties , Achieving goals is the fundamental way to adapt

2. Please talk about your understanding of maintaining health based on your own experience.

Health in the modern sense is a holistic concept, including both physical and mental states, and they interact with each other. For example, when you feel a headache and feel uncomfortable, you cannot concentrate on your work or even lose your appetite, so you will wonder: Are you too tired? Or are you sick? Or are you too stressed at work? Should you take a break? Should you find a job? Therefore, when we talk about health care, I think we should start with the following points:

1) Be responsible for health: including understanding of the physical state, the interaction of body and mind, paying attention to nutrition and Exercise, regular health check-ups, keeping medical records, overcoming stress, etc.

2) There must be an overall awareness: that is, you must have good healthy habits and a healthy personality at the same time, that is to say, you must not only have good living habits, reasonable nutrition, appropriate exercise, and timely Medical examinations, etc., as well as a positive attitude, stress control, correct outlook on life, values ??and satisfaction, etc.

3) Have good eating habits: eat wisely, including a reasonable diet, balanced nutritional intake, control of eating time, etc.

4) Exercise moderately: When choosing sports, you should maintain reasonable physiological fitness, and reasonably arrange a variety of regular exercises according to your body's functions and time arrangements.

5) Engage in preventive psychological construction: cultivating a sound psychology is more important than correcting a certain mental disease.

When we suffer setbacks, the best way is to overcome them, learn how to deal with them, cultivate our own adaptability, and build a healthy psychology. Such as self-love and love, self-confidence and trust in others, self-respect and respect for others, self-help and helping others, optimism and enterprising, channeling emotions, adjusting desires, having a sense of humor, facing reality, correct self-evaluation, having moderate ideals, having a decisive spirit, and having an objective attitude , have normal leisure activities and keep your body healthy.

(Sub-health)

3. Please talk about how to prevent and relieve stress in life based on your own reality.

1) Recognize the meaning of life: Understand and adhere to responsibilities, and be responsible for yourself and others. This is the meaning of life; only in facing and solving problems can people feel the responsibility Satisfaction and enrichment make life meaningful.

2) Establish goals in life: Set short-term, medium-term and long-term goals for yourself, which can stimulate the willingness to act; the more specific and clear the goal, the easier it is to achieve it; after the goal is established, it can be communicated to close friends Friends to make it difficult for you to change your mind.

3) Strengthen self-strength: Mental health is directly proportional to self-strength and inversely proportional to stress; self-strength includes tolerance of stimulation and problem-solving ability, and strengthening self-strength lies in: individuals must realize that , when you encounter obstacles in pursuing your life goals, you still don't give up easily. You must have the determination to constantly try to solve the problem, so that you will not be easily frustrated and feel powerless.

4) Learn how to solve problems: Ask yourself: What is the worst that can happen?; Calmly make the most effective use of your energy and time to improve your psychological status Accept the worst-case scenario; establish a social support system: list the names of your 10 best friends. When encountering difficulties, these close friends are the greatest spiritual and material pillars. Please do not hesitate to immediately Ask for their good support.

5) Isolation: When you feel that you are about to lose control of your emotions, isolate yourself from that situation. The methods include: staying away from the situation in space; role-playing how others feel in this situation; imagining what will happen in the future. What happened? Talk to someone who will sympathize with you.

6) The past is like a cloud: Don’t keep living in the misfortunes, guilt or failures of the past. The past has passed, and thinking about it again will only keep reminding you of that memory.

7) Learn from setbacks: The last failure can help you know how to adjust your direction to avoid making bigger mistakes again, and learn a little more experience from each setback.

4. How would you respond if you experience burnout?

1) Accept that burnout may occur at any time and take preventive measures. (Change of jobs, rotation, change of working environment);

2) Don’t work for too long, take appropriate rest to prevent excessive physical exertion. Instead of working for ten hours without good results, it is better to work for eight hours with concentration. (Stand up and move around, go to the pantry to drink a cup of tea, often from a distance, listen to music, etc.);

　3) Don’t let the same person handle troublesome problems. (Use delegation to reduce workload and increase subordinates’ sense of mission);

4) Establish a systematic method to let employees know their contribution to the organization. (Performance appraisal, thank you for the compliment);

5) Use teamwork to handle large and complex tasks. (One person’s power is limited. Make good use of groups and divide responsibilities. Not only can you support each other and increase confidence, but you can also relieve stress and brainstorm ideas.)

6) Provide channels for employees to express their emotions; (work It is inevitable that there will be negative emotions and conflicts in the enterprise, provide channels and channels for venting, such as BBS, team activities, etc.);

7) Publicly clarify rumors that are detrimental to the organization; (when rumors occur, they should be made public in a timely manner clarification to boost morale);

8) Provide on-the-job training.

(Regular training and even planned talent training can improve employees' skills and knowledge, and also contribute to employees' self-growth, thereby avoiding burnout and increasing organizational performance)

5. Please talk about how to prevent and relieve work stress based on your own reality.

1) Develop good work habits: work must be planned, focused, and prioritized; take notes at any time: record various tasks, progress, etc.; when encountering difficult problems, stay calm and use your mind Use your clearest moments to think about how to solve problems; learn how to organize, hierarchize responsibility and supervise; if the workload is heavy, you can use the method of "mental division" to divide many things into weekly, daily, and hourly tasks; strengthen attention Strength, such as continuing to stare at the same point, or studying slogans and advertisements on the car, etc.; use time effectively, such as before going to bed at night, you can list the things to be done the next day and arrange them by priority, or use them while waiting for the bus or racing. Time to think, etc.;

2) Establish good interpersonal relationships: first of all, accept yourself, use your strengths to develop self-confidence, and try to improve your shortcomings; secondly, you must accept the other person and understand the other person from their perspective; finally, you should Avoid hostility, dependence, self-other orientation, emotional depression, low self-esteem, etc.; cultivate three qualities of optimism, humor, and honesty, such as taking the initiative to be friends with others, tolerating differences, caring unconditionally, and avoiding irritability, indifference, chattering, etc.

3) When facing people and things that you are not interested in: When facing criticism, what can you do? If the scolding is right, I should scold you, and I should correct it immediately; if the scolding is wrong, it is not me who is scolding, so why bother? Care about? to relieve emotions; learn lessons when your boss is lacking, such as learning tolerance, how to avoid making the same mistakes, how to communicate and coordinate, etc.; do not be disturbed when you have conflicts with others or hear rumors. , and don't complain. The best way is to find out the problem and communicate with others. When facing something you are not interested in, you can have a "try it" mentality, or treat it as completing a thing and give yourself a reward.

4) Lower the level of expectations and sprint slowly: If expectations are too high and abilities, aptitudes, and luck do not match, then the only option is to lower the level of expectations to reduce psychological pressure. It doesn't matter if you are one or two years late in your life. On the contrary, you will have more time to experience life and pursue your ideals.

5) Create a happy atmosphere: When you are under high pressure at work, you can listen to beautiful music, watch a humorous video, etc., or walk out of the office and breathe fresh air outside

6) Create your own comfortable environment: Make your office space neat, beautiful and orderly, and raise some plants or goldfish.

6. Describe the steps of career choice.

1) Self-assessment: Determine your interests, abilities, personality and values, etc. Generally speaking, those who have intrinsic fun in activities are the best indicators for choosing a career; our unique patterns in personality traits, demand motivation, etc. make us more advantageous than others in certain environments, making it easier to adapt, perform, and develop. This is a helpful clue to personality in career choices; when we face an important decision, we should start from our personal values ??and weigh it.

2) Determine a favorable career: You can refer to the relevant reference manuals compiled by the government to formulate your own plan, and then consult with school teachers and relevant personnel. Often we can get help from professionals at the school's tutoring center.

3) Make a decision: In the end, we all have to decide for ourselves what career to choose. During this decision-making process, we should keep an open mind and list out the special things we choose as career goals. , review its pros and cons from both pros and cons, and make a comprehensive assessment.

4) Career preparation: including preparation for relevant academic qualifications, accumulation of relevant experience, on-the-job training, acquisition and appraisal of relevant certificates or qualifications, etc. In short, continuing to strive for higher and better academic qualifications is the key to career Prepare the best approach.

7. What are the basic countermeasures for establishing leisure ethics?

1) Pay attention to ecological ethics: Ecological ethics is based on the relationship between people, between people and the environment, and between the environment and the environment. Between the environment, a harmonious and beneficial life network is able to rely on each other for survival and prosperity. Therefore, while we enjoy leisure, we must have a sustainable development concept, cherish and protect our environment, and pay attention to the protection of the ecological environment.

2) Fulfill the social responsibility of the leisure industry: The management of the leisure industry must be based on the highest benefit for the majority of people as the starting point and destination. In terms of facility construction, development priorities and cooperation measures between the government and the private sector should be established based on this principle; in terms of leisure content planning, the quality should be improved.

3) Strengthen mass communication ethics: Mass communication has a large and far-reaching influence. It has the functions of supervising governance, disseminating new knowledge, social education, and mass entertainment. If the content of communication can be purified, If you assume your due social responsibility, your leisure life will be full of fun.

4) Awaken leisure consumers’ awareness of rights: Leisure is a basic right of individuals, and individuals should be aware of this right to make personal leisure activities more meaningful. First of all, we must pay attention to our right to choose, actively cultivate and choose a healthy leisure life; secondly, we must awaken the power to resist, resist and report, and report and expose bad entertainment activities to protect ourselves from their harm and inspire social morality. The courage to guide the normal and healthy development of leisure life.

8. What understanding and psychological preparation should we have in the process of self-growth?

1) Studying and employment are actually two aspects of one body, with different paths leading to the same goal. What should we do? You can advance in a sandwich way or a work-study way. To gain a foothold in society, you must have a certain skill.

2) Prepare yourself to develop your strengths: People’s career interests and abilities are diverse, and the way to grow is to maximize your strengths and avoid your weaknesses.

3) Explore the adaptability of the career journey: The career journey should be a process of continuous interaction and adjustment between the individual and the environment, focusing on self-development. Therefore, we should cultivate our understanding of the work world and respect for the industry from an early age. and establish correct concepts and attitudes.

4) Complete the ego within the greater ego: individuals and groups are inseparable, they are interdependent and complement each other. Therefore, we must accept ourselves and society, and establish a life attitude that is good for me and good for you; we must be good at using groups to achieve self-realization, and understand, change and develop ourselves from them; we must use others as mirrors and see ourselves in the eyes of others. You can also understand yourself through introspection, testing, and trial methods through the characteristics, strengths and weaknesses of others; you must have empathy, sympathy, and empathy to communicate with others, put yourself in others' shoes, and understand others; build yourself in a group, Open yourself, test yourself, reflect on yourself, affirm yourself, integrate yourself, and transcend yourself.