The Establishment Process of Anti-Union Teaching Brigade of Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition Teaching Brigade

1939 In the early winter, the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces held an important meeting in Mudanjiang Hongyun Trading Company. Present were Zhou Baozhong, commander-in-chief of the Anti-Japanese Coalition Forces, Li, director of the General Political Department of the Anti-Japanese Coalition Forces, member of the Standing Committee of the Manchurian Provincial Party Committee, Minister of Propaganda and Director of the Political Department of the Sixth Army, member of the Nanman Provincial Party Committee and commander of the Third Army of the Anti-Japanese Coalition Forces, and member of the Beiman Provincial Party Committee. These generals, representing more than 2,000 remaining anti-Union fighters, held urgent consultations on the current situation and future direction of the anti-Union. The comrades attending the meeting unanimously agreed with Zhou Baozhong's opinion on "preserving strength, crossing the river and camping and training in the Far East of the Soviet Union".

On the morning of March 1940, Zhou Baozhong, Li and Li came to the headquarters of the Soviet Far East Military Region in Khabarovsk, Soviet Union, and they wanted to discuss the cross-border camping and training of the anti-allied forces with the party committees of the Far East Territory and the Far East Military Region. Zhou Baozhong informed Ivanov, secretary of the Far East District Party Committee and political commissar of the military region, of the practical difficulties faced by the anti-Japanese Coalition forces, and asked the Soviet side to agree to hand over the Northeast Anti-Japanese Alliance to the Soviet side for camping and rest from the standpoint of internationalism. The Soviet side agreed in principle that the Northeast Anti-Union should be transferred to the Soviet side to rest.

194 1 spring, in accordance with the unified deployment of the anti-United Party Committee, the strategic shift began. The First Route Army in Mudanjiang area crossed the border from Hunchun, Jilin Province and successfully entered the Soviet Union. The Second Route Army fighting in Jiamusi area crossed Wusuli River from Raohe River; The Third Route Army, active in Nenjiang area of Heihe River, crossed Heilongjiang from Xunke and Sunwu and entered the territory of the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union is responsible for the logistics supply of the anti-allied troops stationed in the Soviet Union, and the military training is carried out in accordance with Soviet regulations.

Since June, 194 1, in order to meet the needs of guerrilla warfare behind enemy lines, the content of military training has increased blasting techniques and skydiving training, and each anti-Union fighter can skydive from an altitude of more than 2,000 meters 10 times. Almost everyone can skydive, ski, swim and climb rocks. A considerable number of people can also send and receive radio reports, photographs, surveying and mapping, blasting and other reconnaissance technologies. The overall military quality of the Anti-Allied Forces has been greatly improved.

At the beginning of 1942, in order to further adapt to the situation of the anti-Japanese struggle, the anti-United Party organizations planned to adjust the organizational system of the troops, and planned to form a force that was more reasonable in terms of command system and personnel allocation and was more suitable for the needs of the struggle situation. Zhou Baozhong exchanged views with the Party Committee of the Soviet Far East. In May, Ivanov met with Zhou Baozhong and Li, the main leaders of the anti-Japanese Coalition forces. Ivanov said: "In order to strengthen the anti-fascist struggle, the Soviet Union agreed with Comrade China's opinion on reorganizing the anti-Japanese Coalition forces." The Soviet side suggested that the anti-allied forces should be included in the Soviet sequence, so that there would be a reasonable and reliable logistics supply channel; The name of the Northeast Anti-Union was not used publicly, but was awarded to the Soviet army as the Soviet garrison in Fisk. The Soviet side sent officers to the army as deputies at all levels, responsible for military training, translation, liaison and logistics supply. Equipment is provided by the Soviet side, and clothing is distributed according to Soviet military uniforms. Cadres and soldiers were awarded the ranks of Soviet officers, non-commissioned officers and soldiers respectively, and the leadership of the army was independently exercised by the anti-United Party Committee. In response to the opinion that the United Front Party Committee is preparing to change the establishment into a teaching group, the Soviet side's opinion is: "It should be reorganized into a teaching brigade." Ivanov's explanation is: "The replenishment standard of a regiment is a bit low. The anti-allied troops can mobilize young and middle-aged overseas Chinese in the Far East, and the Soviet army can supplement the soldiers recruited by the Nanis (Hezhe) in the border areas to the anti-allied troops, thus expanding and enriching the anti-allied troops." Because the opinions of the Soviet Party respected the leadership and command upheld by the Central Committee of the Anti-Japanese Alliance and embodied the common interests of uniting against Japanese fascism, the Central Committee of the Anti-Japanese Alliance agreed to the proposal of the Soviet Party.

On the afternoon of July 1942, Zhou Baozhong reached an agreement with General Abanashenko, commander of the Soviet Far East Army, and decided to reorganize the Northeast Anti-Allied Forces remaining in the Soviet Far East into the Anti-Allied Infantry Training Brigade. The brigade consists of four infantry battalions, 1 radio company, 1 mortar company and 1 teaching company. Two companies in each battalion and three platoons in each company; Each battalion is equipped with 6 heavy machine guns, each company is equipped with 9 light machine guns, and each platoon is equipped with 15 submachine guns. The chief officers of the brigade, battalion headquarters, brigade, battalion and company shall be cadres of the Anti-United Front, and the deputy officers shall be Soviet officers. The platoon leader and above shall be paid according to the standard of Soviet officers. The rank of the Anti-Union Teaching Brigade is: the brigade commander is a lieutenant colonel. The deputy brigade commander, the brigade chief of staff and the brigade commander are all major. The battalion commander and the deputy battalion commander are captain. Company commanders and deputy company commanders are captains. Platoon leaders may confer ranks of lieutenant and second lieutenant, and soldiers may confer ranks of sergeant, corporal, superior soldier and private soldier.

On August 1942 and 1 day, more than 700 officers and men of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces put on Soviet military uniforms and ranks in Fisk Barracks in the Far East of the Soviet Union and were reorganized into the 88th Independent Infantry Brigade of the Far East Military Region of the Soviet Union. General Abanashenko, commander of the Soviet Far East Army, announced: "The Anti-Union Teaching Brigade was awarded the Soviet designation of the 88th Independent Infantry Brigade of the Soviet Far East Red Flag Army, with the external code of 846 1." At the same time, the appointment orders of officers were announced: Zhou Baozhong was appointed as major brigade commander (1943 was promoted to lieutenant colonel), Li was appointed as major political commissar of teaching brigade (1943+02 was changed to deputy political brigade commander), Cui Shiquan (1945 was renamed as deputy chief of staff and party secretary of Ren Dawei brigade), and anti-United cadres were attached to teaching brigade. The Soviet army sent more than 30 officers as the chief of staff, director of the political department, director of the logistics department and deputy officers at all levels of the Anti-Union Teaching Brigade.

On September 1942 and 13, the teaching brigade held a general party membership meeting and established the "Special Branch Bureau of the Northeast Party Organization of the Independent Infantry Brigade" (also known as the Northeast Party Committee). The special bureau implements the central political line, and the original relationship of the northeast party organization remains unchanged. The Northeast Party Committee is not only the brigade party committee, but also the temporary highest leading organ of the whole Northeast Party organization when it loses contact with the Central Committee. After the establishment of the Northeast Party Committee, the two provincial committees of Jidong and Beiman were abolished. At this point, the party organizations in Northeast China have been unified.

At the end of 1943, all the anti-United teams who stayed in the northeast and persisted in the war of resistance, except Yu Tianfang team, were ordered to cross the river and put into camping training. After more than a year's military training, the political and military quality of the Anti-Union Teaching Brigade has been significantly improved, fully meeting the needs of regular warfare and guerrilla warfare. 194 1 Spring to1July, 945, the Anti-Union Teaching Brigade sent guerrillas back to China to collect information about the Japanese Kwantung Army. This kind of reconnaissance has never stopped, and it has become the most important intelligence source of the Soviet Far East Army Command. Another major task of the anti-unification team after returning to China is to find the old headquarters to receive demobilization, establish local party organizations, and persist in guerrilla struggle.

According to statistics, from 194 1 to 1945, the Anti-Union sent 26 teams back to the northeast to carry out guerrilla warfare and disrupt traffic, with about 240 people. Send 25 teams (excluding those sent by the Soviet side) back to the northeast to carry out reconnaissance missions, about 1260 person-times; Six small units, about 160 people, were sent back to the northeast to find party relations, accommodation and troops. Of course, there are also some small troops squatting in the ravine all the year round, insisting on growing grain and monitoring the enemy's actions, but the number is very small. No matter what form, small troops have made great sacrifices in the anti-Japanese struggle. No fewer than 200 people were killed and missing in the small army. Although the struggle against small forces does not have the strategic and tactical characteristics and basic conditions of guerrilla war against Japan, its scale and influence are limited, but its political influence and contribution to the final victory of the world anti-fascist war are immeasurable.