Basic knowledge of cantonese opera

There are five major operas in China: Peking Opera, Yue Opera, Huangmei Opera, Pingju Opera and Henan Opera. Deductive opera is a traditional form of drama in China, which is a combination of literature, music, dance, fine arts, martial arts, acrobatics and various performing arts. Its origin has a long history, and songs and dances have sprouted as early as primitive society. In the long development process, after more than 800 years of continuous enrichment, renewal and development, a relatively complete China opera art system has gradually formed. Although its origin comes from three different art forms: folk songs and dances, rap and burlesque, the biggest feature that distinguishes drama is that it comes from different vocal systems. These musical vocals are based on the language, folk songs and folk music of the region where they are produced. It is produced by absorbing music from other regions. Most of the characters in all kinds of dramas are filled with characters with different faces, such as birth, Dan, purity and ugliness. In the performance, it emphasizes the stylized movements and virtual space processing refined according to life. It emphasizes the art of singing, reading, doing and playing, and the performance is full of dynamic and dance sense, which is highly technical and constitutes a complete opera art system different from other dramas. Beijing opera is the quintessence of our country. According to incomplete statistics, there are about 360 kinds of traditional operas and tens of thousands of traditional plays in ethnic minority areas in China. After the founding of New China, there have been many traditional dramas, new historical dramas and modern dramas adapted to express the theme of modern life. They were warmly welcomed by the audience. The more popular and famous operas are: Beijing Opera, Kunqu Opera, Yue Opera, Henan Opera, xiang opera Opera, Guangdong Opera, Qin Opera, Sichuan Opera, Pingju Opera, Shanxi Opera, Han Opera, Chaozhou Opera, Fujian Opera, Qi Opera, Hebei Bangzi, Anqing Huangmei Opera, Hunan Ancient Painting Opera and so on. Among them, Peking Opera is the most popular. Therefore, it is called "Opera". China opera mainly includes Southern Opera in Song and Yuan Dynasties, Zaju in Yuan and Ming Dynasties, legends and legends in Ming and Qing Dynasties, as well as traditional repertoire of modern Peking Opera and other local operas. It is the general name of China national opera culture. [Edit this paragraph] The three artistic features of drama are comprehensiveness, virtuality and procedurality-(1) Comprehensive China drama is a highly comprehensive national art. This comprehensiveness is not only reflected in its integration of various artistic categories (such as dance and acrobatics), but also in its exquisite and profound performing arts. Various artistic factors are closely combined with the performing arts. All the functions of China's traditional drama are realized by the actors' performances. Among them, the organic composition of singing, reading, doing and hitting the actors is the most concentrated and prominent embodiment of the comprehensiveness of China traditional operas. Singing refers to singing skills, emphasizing "clear pronunciation and mellow voice"; Reading aloud, that is, reading aloud, is a strict recitation skill. The so-called "one thousand kilograms of oral part sings four Liang"; Doing refers to doing work, which is the skill of graphics and expressions; Beating refers to the martial arts action in performance, which is a combination of dance martial arts skills formed on the basis of China traditional martial arts. These four expressions are sometimes interrelated and sometimes cross each other, and the composition depends on the needs of the plot, but they are all unified into a comprehensive whole, reflecting the beauty of harmony. China opera is full of musical spirit (sense of rhythm), which is a form of drama with formal beauty centered on the comprehensive performance of singing, reading, doing and acting. (2) Fictitiousness Fictitiousness is the basic way for drama to reflect life. It refers to comparing the real environment or object with the actor's performance in a deformed way, thus expressing life. The virtuality of China's traditional operas is first manifested in the flexibility of dealing with the stage space-time. There are six or seven brave men with millions of soldiers, and the abbot is in Wan Li. In the blink of an eye, a stick of incense lasted for thousands of years, breaking through the limitations of the "three unifications" and "the fourth wall" of western drama. Secondly, it is the scheduling in a specific stage atmosphere and the simulation of some actors' life actions, such as windy and rainy, riding a horse, threading a needle and so on. It reflects the virtual characteristics of China traditional operas more intensively and vividly. Opera facial makeup is also a virtual way. The virtuality of China's traditional operas is not only the result of the crude stage of China's traditional operas and the backward techniques of dancing beauty, but also the product of the accumulation of national traditional aesthetic thoughts that pursue likeness and vividness. At this time, it is a creation of beauty, which greatly liberates the creativity of writers and stage artists and the artistic imagination of the audience. As a result, the aesthetic value of China traditional operas has been greatly improved. (3) Procedural procedure is a form of expression in which drama reflects life. It refers to the standardization, dance performance and reuse of life movements. Program directly or indirectly comes from life, but it is formed by refining, summarizing and beautifying life according to certain norms. It embodies the painstaking efforts of artists of past dynasties, and becomes the starting point for a new generation of actors to re-create art. Therefore, the performing arts of China traditional operas can be passed down from generation to generation. There are fixed formats for closing the door, pushing the window, getting on the horse, getting on the boat and going upstairs. In addition to performing programs, traditional Chinese opera has certain programs in script form, role-playing, music singing, makeup and clothing. Excellent artists can break through some restrictions of the program. Create your own personalized normative art. This program is a model of beauty. [Edit this paragraph] The origin and formation of China traditional opera has a long history. It originated from songs and dances that imitate labor. (1) Pre-Qin-the embryonic stage of China traditional opera. The "Ode" in The Book of Songs and the "Nine Songs" in The Songs of Chu are the lyrics of singing and dancing when offering sacrifices to the gods. From the Spring and Autumn Period to the Warring States Period, from the Han and Wei Dynasties to the Middle Tang Dynasty, there appeared "Jiao Di" (that is, a hundred plays), "Joining the army" and "stepping on the mother", all of which were in their infancy. (2) Tang Dynasty (middle and late period)-the formation period of drama. After the middle Tang Dynasty, traditional Chinese opera prevailed. The art of drama has gradually taken shape. (3) Song and Jin Dynasties-the period of drama development. "Zaju" in Song Dynasty, "Benyuan" in Jin Dynasty and "Zhu Gong Tune" in rap form all laid the foundation for Zaju in Yuan Dynasty in music, structure and content. (4) Yuan Dynasty-the mature stage of drama. In the Yuan Dynasty, "Zaju" developed greatly on the original basis.

2. Knowledge of Peking Opera and Cantonese Opera

Don't you see a lot of things coming out of "Peking Opera" and "Cantonese Opera"? Or do you need something specific? Peking Opera, also known as Pihuang, consists of two basic tones, Xipi and Huanger. It also sings some local tunes (such as Liu Zi Opera and Blowing Opera) and Kunqu Qupai.

It was formed in Beijing around 1840 and prevailed in 1930s and 1940s. It is sometimes called "National Opera". Now it is still a big drama with national influence.

It has comprehensive business, mature performance and magnificent momentum, and it is the representative of modern opera in China. Peking Opera is the quintessence of China with a history of 200 years. "

"Cantonese opera, formerly known as drama or Cantonese opera, originated from southern opera. 1522 to 1566 (Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty) began to appear in Guangdong and Guangxi. It is a kind of performing art that combines chorus, musicians' music, stage costumes and abstract forms. Every business of Cantonese opera has its own unique costumes.

The language of the original performance was Zhongyuan phonology, also known as Opera House Mandarin. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, intellectuals changed their singing language to Cantonese to make it easier for Cantonese people to understand.

Cantonese Opera was included in the first batch of 5 18 national intangible cultural heritage lists on May 20th, 2006. On September 30, 2009, Cantonese opera was recognized by UNESCO and included in the list of intangible cultural heritage of mankind. "

———————— From Baidu Encyclopedia.

3. What are the characteristics of Cantonese opera?

On the basis of Bangzi and Huanger Opera, Guangdong artists absorbed some Kunqu Opera and minor tunes from other provinces, forming the original singing method of Cantonese Opera.

Later, in the middle of19th century, an "eight-tone class" appeared in the form of an opera cantata. Its aria is basically the same as that of drama. It still sings eight major music books, such as Lu's "Becoming a monk" and "Strange Discrimination", and plays some music, which is the origin of Guangdong Quyi.

After that, the development trend of Cantonese opera was to keep moving closer to localization, but until the end of19th century, the development pace was still very slow. During this period, the characteristics of Cantonese opera (then called "half-version") are as follows: 1. All northern voices are used for lyrics and chanting, commonly known as "playing Mandarin". The singers of Wusheng, Xiaowu, Xiao Sheng, Laosheng and Dan Jiao are separated and have different industries, so the audience does not need to watch them. Besides Danny, I also use a fake voice; (For details, see the appendix "The Business and Throat of Early Cantonese Opera". Secondly, in a aria, Bangzi, Huang Er, Xipi and Paizi are divided into paragraphs, and they never mix with each other. Third, the melody is simple and the beat is fast.

In addition, some blind male and female folk artists and some geisha in Guangdong (underage geisha are called "pipa") sang pure Guangdong local popular folk arts such as Nanyin, Yuefu, Banyan and Dragon Boat in Cantonese, which were still not absorbed by Cantonese music at that time. .

I want to know more about Cantonese opera myself.

Shenzhen Cantonese Opera Troupe is the oldest literary and artistic group in Shenzhen. Over the past 30 years, it has trained a number of outstanding actors such as Feng Gangyi, Su Chunmei, Huang Weikun and Lai Qiongxia. It enjoys a high reputation not only in the national drama circle, but also overseas.

The original modern Cantonese opera Tuoge Banner has become a banner of Shenzhen culture. He won the 7th China Drama Festival "Cao Yu Drama Award" and 13 awards in script, director, music, dance beauty, performance, costume, etc. In 2003, he won the National Stage Art Nominated Drama Award and the Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China "Five One Projects" Award. However, following the "Camel Brother's Flag" in 2003, Shenzhen Cantonese Opera Troupe never launched a new drama, and the number of troupes was reduced from 60 to 44.

The income of the troupe is partly supported by performances, and most of it is supported by property rent and funds. Recently, Shenzhen Theatre hosted a large-scale public welfare cultural activity of "Cantonese Opera at Weekend".

5. What is the language of Cantonese opera?

Cantonese opera, also known as "Grand Drama" or "Guangdong Grand Drama", is one of the Han operas.

Originated from southern opera, it began to appear in Guangdong and Guangxi during Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty. It is a performing art that integrates singing, reading, playing, musicians' music, stage costumes and abstract forms. Every business of Cantonese opera has its own unique costumes.

Cantonese Opera was included in the first batch of 5 18 national intangible cultural heritage lists on May 20th, 2006. On September 30, 2009, Cantonese opera was recognized by UNESCO and included in the list of intangible cultural heritage of mankind.

Cantonese opera is the largest local opera in Guangdong Province. With the immigration of Guangdong Chinese and their love and singing of Cantonese opera, Cantonese opera has spread all over the world. Singapore is known as "the second hometown of Cantonese opera".

6. China traditional opera knowledge.

Traditional Chinese opera is a traditional art of the Chinese nation.

It consists of literature, music, dance, fine arts, martial arts, acrobatics and performing arts. Its origin has a long history. In the long process of development, it has been enriched, innovated and developed for more than 800 years. It pays attention to singing, doing, reading and playing, and is full of dance and high technology. Its composition is different from other dramas, and it has become a complete China traditional opera art system.

According to incomplete statistics, there are about 360 kinds of traditional operas and tens of thousands of traditional operas in ethnic minority areas in China. After the founding of New China, many traditional plays have been adapted, and new historical plays and modern plays that express the theme of modern life have been warmly welcomed by the audience.

The more popular and famous operas are: Beijing Opera, Kunqu Opera, Yue Opera, Henan Opera, xiang opera Opera, Guangdong Opera, Qin Opera, Sichuan Opera, Pingju Opera, Shanxi Opera, Han Opera, Chaozhou Opera, Fujian Opera, Hebei Bangzi Opera, Huangmei Opera and Hunan Ancient Painting Opera. There are more than 50 kinds of operas, especially Peking Opera, which is the most popular, covering the whole country and not limited by regions. However, in recent years, the development of China's drama art has become increasingly weak, and it has been impacted by new art.

In particular, songs from Hong Kong and Taiwan have flooded into the mainland, and students are idolized and eager for stars, but they know little about the artistic treasures of our Chinese nation. China ancient drama is called "drama" because it is mainly composed of "drama" and "qu".

China's operas mainly include Southern Opera in Song and Yuan Dynasties, Zaju in Yuan and Ming Dynasties, legends and legends in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and traditional repertoires of modern Peking Opera and other local operas. It is the general name of China national opera culture. Modern drama mainly refers to drama, opera, ballet, etc. Since the 20th century, it has been introduced from the west, with drama as the main body, while foreign drama generally refers to drama.

China opera has a long history, which originated from songs and dances imitating labor. Pre-Qin —— The embryonic stage of China traditional opera.

The "Ode" in The Book of Songs and the "Nine Songs" in The Songs of Chu are the lyrics of singing and dancing when offering sacrifices to the gods. From the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period to the Han Dynasty, recreational songs and dances gradually evolved.

From the Han and Wei Dynasties to the mid-Tang Dynasty, there appeared "horn flute" (that is, a hundred plays), "joining the army" with question-and-answer performances, and "dancers" with short stories of life, all of which were budding plays. (2) The Tang Dynasty (middle and late period)-the formation period of China traditional opera.

After the mid-Tang Dynasty, China's drama advanced by leaps and bounds, and the art of drama gradually took shape. (3) Song and Jin Dynasties-the development period of China opera.

"Zaju" in Song Dynasty, "Courtyard Style" in Jin Dynasty and "Zhu Gong Tune" in rap form all laid the foundation of Zaju in Yuan Dynasty in music, structure and content. (D) Yuan Dynasty-the mature period of China traditional opera.

In the Yuan Dynasty, "Zaju" developed greatly on the original basis and became a new type of drama. It has the basic characteristics of drama, which indicates that China's drama has entered a mature stage.

Yuan Zaju is a comprehensive stage art that inherits and develops the literary achievements of the previous generation on the fertile soil of folk operas, and is improved and created through the joint efforts of teaching workshops, theaters, actors, musicians and "reading clubs". Metaphysically, Yuan Zaju uses four sets of northern songs to arrange stories, and the disjointed parts are combined with wedges to form the usual format of four folds and one wedge (Wang Shifu's The West Chamber is a unique novel in Yuan Zaju, and * * * wrote five books with 2/kloc-0 folds), and each fold consists of several tunes of the same palace tune, and a "wedge" is added when necessary.

At the end, two, four or eight sentences summarize the content of the whole play, which is called "getting to the point". Each sentence consists of three parts: inflectional, white () and ().

Quci is written according to the qupai needed by the tutor, also called Wen Qu, lyrics or lyrics. Its function is to tell stories and portray characters.

All the lyrics rhyme. Vernacular writing is an artistic means to express the plot or explain the relationship between characters in the form of words, which can be divided into dialogue (dialogue between characters), monologue (words that characters express their personal feelings and wishes alone), narration (words from other actors that characters recite to the audience on the stage) and vernacular writing (words inserted in lyrics).

The subject is action, expression, etc. A play is usually sung by one person at the end of the film or at the end, and others don't sing for nothing.

The lead singer at the end of the performance is called "Final Book", and the lead singer at the end of the performance is called "Final Book". Foot color: end: male angle.

The hero is the hero in Yuan Zaju. Dan: Play a female role.

Zheng Dan (the heroine in the play), Xiao Dan and Cha Dan. Jing: Commonly known as "painted face" and "painted face", most of them play male roles with special personality or appearance.

For example, civil servants (government officials) belong to the network in Yuan Dynasty. Clown: Also known as "Three Faces" or "Little Faces", most of them play humorous roles, including Wen Chou and Wu Chou.

Foreigner: There are foreignness, foreignness and foreignness in Yuan Zaju. This is the secondary role at the end, Dan and Jing. Supervision and reduction of officials-external end.

Miscellaneous: Also known as "miscellaneous". Play the role name of the old woman.

Such as: Cai. In just a few decades, Yuan Zaju writers have created at least 500 or 600 plays, and more than 150 plays are still preserved today.

These works comprehensively and profoundly reflect the social life of the Yuan Dynasty, and many of them have become valuable cultural heritage of our country. For example, Guan Hanqing's "Dou Eyuan" describes the tragic experience of the kind and naive child bride Dou E, reflecting the cruel exploitation of usurers, extortion by local ruffians and the perverted judgment of corrupt officials, profoundly exposing the dark reality of the Yuan Dynasty society and praising the strong will and indomitable resistance spirit of the oppressed.

With the help of historical themes, Ma Zhiyuan's Autumn Colors in the Han Palace describes the story of Wang Zhaojun's loyalty to the country, Mao Yanshou's betrayal of the country, and the corruption and incompetence of his ministers, mercilessly exposing the national oppression of the Yuan Dynasty and satirizing the rulers at that time. Wang Shifu's The West Chamber describes the story of young men and women fighting for the autonomy of marriage in feudal society.

From stunning, couplets to refusing to get married, Cui Yingying's desire for love has been fully demonstrated. However, she was born in a noble family and was influenced and bound by feudal ethics. Therefore, she has had twists and turns such as "messing with Jane" and "relying on Jane".

She finally embarked on the road of rebellion in such scenes as Listening to Qin Qu, Yili and Changting, which added a strong comic color to her works. The whole drama focuses on the words of Cui Yingying, Zhang Xun and the matchmaker, and revolves around the contradiction between fighting for the autonomy of marriage and obeying the "parents' orders".

7. China traditional opera knowledge.

China Opera/KLOC-0 Opera/China Opera is a comprehensive stage art style.

Its characteristic is that many art forms are gathered together by a standard, and their respective personalities are reflected in the same nature. These forms mainly include: poetry, music and dance.

Poetry refers to literature, music refers to music accompaniment, and dance refers to performance. In addition, it also includes stage art, clothing, makeup and so on.

These artistic factors are all for one purpose in China's traditional operas, that is, performing stories; Everyone follows a principle, and that is beauty. 2. In short, China's traditional operas are characterized by "singing, dancing and telling stories" (Wang Guowei, a scholar in the late Qing Dynasty).

Traditional Chinese opera and drama in China belong to drama, and both must play roles through actors, and use dialogues and actions to express stories of a certain length. The difference is that traditional operas in China use musical dialogues and dance movements to express real life, that is, the means of singing and dancing.

Also known as "singing, reading, doing and playing". 3. China's traditional operas express life in a way of "taking its meaning and abandoning its shape", such as freehand brushwork in Chinese painting, which reflects all the beautiful things in life with vertical and horizontal strokes.

Therefore, there are red-faced Guan Yu and white-faced Cao Cao on the opera stage; When you were in Long song, you cried and danced with long sleeves; With the spring scenery without flowers and trees, there is no river without waves. 4. As a stage art, China opera needs to face the contradiction between the narrowness of the stage and the vastness of life.

Unlike drama, China traditional opera does not squeeze life with the principle of "three unifications" to facilitate expression. Instead, it creates flexible time and space by virtual means, and completes the description of the vast world with the help of the vivid performance of actors and the imagination and understanding of the audience.

Therefore, opera can create the illusion of night under bright lights, and it can ride horses and sail on an empty stage.

8. It is best to study Cantonese opera in detail, which is needed by the elderly.

I think many people have some throat restrictions and think they are not suitable for singing.

In fact, most people can sing very well, even if their voices are bad, they can be gradually cultivated through self-training. In fact, when singing reaches a certain stage, it can be said that they gradually reduce the use of sound. When some people sing, they keep their voices down with their hands to prevent them from getting louder. Actually, there is a reason. But this is not the right way to sing, because if their voices are suppressed, they will not sing split, but if they use their hands. It will have a certain influence on your voice, but it will not have a substantial influence, not to say that you can really sing. But not all songs have to be sung in a low voice. For example, the same song, a fine-tuned version of a female voice, needs to be sung in your voice. Everyone who can sing knows that singing requires singing with qi, and how to use qi is the key to singing. Where does the gas come from? How to practice qi? In fact, the breath comes from the abdomen, but the breath is lifted up. The throat is just a voice, not a loud cry, so the utilization rate of the throat is less than that of people who can't sing. But after the breath passes through the throat, it rushes into the forehead, forehead, back of the head and nose, thus achieving real singing. The nasal sound can be adjusted by itself. However, the forehead * * vibration is very big. If it reaches a certain stage, just like smelling flowers, cut it gently and inhale evenly. However, Dantian Qi actually has many exercise methods, such as practicing martial arts, singing all the time every day, and yelling like a madman every day. But I have a practice method here that no one has heard of. I use a pillow (filled with sand) and put it on my stomach. I lie down and practice my voice and sing. Soon you will gradually feel your breath. There is a more important common sense below, that is, you must open your mouth before singing. The so-called opening your mouth means, for example, shouting, or hanging your voice like learning vocal music, that is, from bass to treble.

Up and down. Only by opening your mouth can your voice reach a better state, otherwise sometimes you will feel that you can't sing. When I was learning to sing, my teacher taught me a way to sound. Voice is born, and singing is cultivated. So the voice is not practiced. Let me tell you the way. Can you give yourself a taste? First, breathe out all the air in your lungs. Then, hold your breath and press your hand on your lower abdomen. That is to say, it is often said that Zen days make Zen days bulge hard, and the hand should react on Zen days. When bulging, you should gradually exert yourself. Don't pop out at once. From the beginning to the limit, then to the strongest time, and finally, it lasts for five seconds, which takes about five seconds. Relax gradually, don't relax. Be careful not to breathe for five seconds.

This is a cycle. Practice this for two hours every day for six months. Your singing skills will be very strong, but don't stop halfway, especially in the first seven days of the week. You must stick to the second answer and practice lung capacity, swim more and run more! Watch more music videos, watch the mouths of other singers when they sing, and imitate them more! It's best to find a professional teacher to guide you, so as not to go astray and damage the vocal cords. You should be careful not to use your vocal cords more, so that your voice can spread far and steadily, and pay attention to the use of breath, otherwise your vocal cords will cocoon. Singing is an art. To improve children's ability to express songs, they should be trained in singing skills, including singing posture, breathing, vocalization and articulation. First, the correct singing posture is not only the expression of the singer's good mentality, but also related to the use of breath, the adjustment of singing and the effect of singing. During training, students should develop good singing habits, so that their eyes are straight, their jaws are adducted, their necks are straight and not nervous, their spines are straight, their abdomen is slightly contracted, and their waist is stable.

Second, breathing in singing is to inhale first. When doing breathing exercises, first of all, we should do a good job in singing posture, keep the waist straight, relax the chest and shoulders, keep your head free, and keep your eyes far away. You are full of affection from the heart to the expression on your face. Then, you can relax your chest by sighing happily. When inhaling, your mouth opens slightly, your hard and soft palate lifts, and with the lifting of your eyebrows, you focus on your waist and waist excitedly. But don't exhale too deeply, otherwise the chest and abdomen will be stiff, which will affect the flexibility of pronunciation and the accuracy of pitch. Don't make any noise when inhaling. On the contrary, it will not only affect the artistic effect of singing, but also make it difficult to inhale deeply and affect the support of breath. Therefore, in our daily life, we should develop the habit of expanding our ribs and slightly contracting our abdomen.

3. Vocal music practice is a comprehensive basic singing training. Learning to sing must start with the most basic vocal exercises. 1, do exercises to get the fulcrum of breath, experience the coordination of sound absorption and sound production, and use scientific humming methods to understand and adjust your singing.

2, learn to open your mouth to sing, the upper and lower teeth are loose, and the chin has a loose "falling feeling." 3. When singing an octave, from low to high, the vowels will not break and the oropharynx cavity will open from small to large at the same time.

4, the breath is smooth, and the sound is smooth and smooth. Fourth, accurate and clear pronunciation practice is to sing songs more perfectly in the final analysis, so we must pay attention to the clarity of pronunciation and articulation, correctly grasp the echo of language, clarify the structural rules of Chinese, and combine song tunes with pronunciation and articulation to practice.

When practicing singing, each word should be pronounced several times according to the pronunciation method, and then combined with vocal music practice, the words should be accented to make the words clear and round, and the focus of vowels should be as close as possible to the concentration point of the vocal areas when singing, so that the * * * sounds of the three vocal areas can be connected and adjusted flexibly. The art of singing is the art of combining sound with literature. When we sing a good song, we can't just talk about the sound without feeling, and vice versa. We should have a comprehensive understanding of the ideological content, expression method, songwriter and background of the song.