What should supply and marketing cooperatives put first?

1. The nature of supply and marketing cooperatives

“Supply and marketing cooperatives are cooperative economic organizations of farmers.” “The central government believes that the overall idea of ??deepening the reform of supply and marketing cooperatives is: starting from the needs of rural economic development , starting from the requirements of establishing a socialist market economic system and the urgent need for the reform of supply and marketing cooperatives themselves, and focusing on the goal of truly turning supply and marketing cooperatives into cooperative economic organizations for farmers, we will seize the opportunity to rationalize the organizational system, strengthen service functions, and improve In five aspects, including operating mechanism, strengthening supervision and management, and providing protection and support, we will focus on grassroots cooperatives and adopt effective and effective policies and measures to make supply and marketing cooperatives truly reflect the nature of farmers' cooperative economic organizations and truly provide comprehensive services to agriculture, rural areas and farmers. The purpose of service is to truly become a bridge and link to strengthen the close ties between the party and the government and farmers.”

“Under the leadership of the party and the government, the supply and marketing cooperative is truly a cooperative economic organization for farmers. The fundamental goal of the reform is also the key to the success of the reform. To achieve this goal, the most important thing is to adhere to the collective ownership nature of the supply and marketing cooperatives and to provide comprehensive services to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers. Purpose. We must adhere to the cooperative principles of voluntariness, mutual benefit, democracy, and equality. "According to the principle of voluntariness, strive for a wider range of farmers to join the cooperative, and fully reflect its mass character." Internal management system. "Leading members are elected democratically, employees are recruited under a contract system, major decisions are subject to democratic consultation, and operation and management are subject to democratic supervision, which fully reflects democracy." "Democratic management and democratic supervision are implemented to ensure farmers' activities in the supply and marketing cooperative." "Supply and marketing cooperatives are cooperative economic organizations of farmers, and they also undertake certain economic and social tasks assigned by the state. In practical work, they must properly handle the interest relationship between the state and farmers."

"The Central Committee Document No. 5 proposes to turn supply and marketing cooperatives into cooperative economic organizations for farmers, pointing out the direction of the reform of supply and marketing cooperatives. We must be unswerving in this regard. However, achieving this goal is a long-term process and needs to be promoted step by step. ”

(The above materials are all selected from Document No. 5 [1995] and [1999] of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council)

2. Functions of supply and marketing cooperatives

1. "Promote and implement the guidelines and policies of the Party Central Committee and the State Council on rural economic work";

2. "Undertake certain economic and social tasks assigned by the state" and "complete the business entrusted by the state with high quality and quantity" and social service tasks";

3. "Undertake tasks entrusted by the government and perform certain functions authorized by the government";

4. "According to the government authorization, carry out important agricultural production materials, "Organize, coordinate and manage the operation of agricultural and sideline products";

5. "Undertake the task of national reserves of important agricultural products and agricultural production materials";

6. "Promote the exchange of urban and rural materials";

7. "Responsible for researching and formulating the development strategies and development plans of the national supply and marketing cooperatives, and guiding the development and reform of the national supply and marketing cooperatives";

8. "Coordinating the relationship with relevant departments, guiding "Business activities of supply and marketing cooperatives across the country" and "Protecting the legitimate rights and interests of supply and marketing cooperatives at all levels";

9. "Participating in various activities of the International Cooperative Alliance on behalf of Chinese cooperatives."

(The above materials are all selected from Document No. 5 [1995] and [1999] of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council)

3. Work tasks of supply and marketing cooperatives

(1) "Revolving around the establishment and improvement of the agricultural socialization service system" and "providing comprehensive services to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers"

"Establishing and improving the agricultural socialization service system is the key to promoting rural economic development. Infrastructure construction. All agriculture-related departments and various rural service organizations should follow the principles of encouraging competition, opposing monopoly, promoting alliances, and strengthening services, support each other, and cooperate closely. "As a cooperative economic organization for farmers, the main task of supply and marketing cooperatives is to Focus on establishing and improving the agricultural socialization service system and do a good job in serving agriculture, rural areas and farmers.

“Supply and marketing cooperatives at all levels must give top priority to serving farmers, and all activities must focus on establishing and improving the agricultural socialized service system, and do a good job of serving agriculture, rural areas, and farmers. “We must adhere to the purpose of running a cooperative to provide comprehensive services for agriculture, rural areas, and farmers. "Supply and marketing cooperatives shoulder the important task of providing systematic social services for the rural economy, agricultural production, and farmers' lives." "We must further transform from a simple purchase and sales organization to a comprehensive service organization for the rural economy, and actively provide services to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers." Comprehensive and serialized economic and technical services. "Expand service areas and enhance service functions for farmers." "The state encourages supply and marketing cooperatives to develop various forms of socialized services before, during, and after production of agricultural production." ”

(2) “Guide farmers to enter the market in an organized manner” and “solve the problem of farmers’ difficulty in buying and selling”

“Deepen the reform of supply and marketing cooperatives and give full play to their role in driving farmers to enter the market. effect. "Currently, my country's agricultural and rural economy is developing towards a socialist market economy", "Hundreds of millions of farmers urgently need strong organizations and correct guidance to go to the market", "The majority of farmers urgently require the provision of various economic, technical, information services and To join forces to enter the market, the state also needs to strengthen guidance and regulation of the rural economy. Supply and marketing cooperatives should play a role in these aspects and assume responsibilities", "guide farmers to enter the market in an organized manner", "take care of things that cannot or are difficult to handle one household at a time, and integrate the decentralized operations of thousands of households with the big market "Connecting together", "leading thousands of households to establish agricultural product commodity bases and non-staple food bases serving cities", "leading thousands of farmers to the market", "opening up markets, expanding operations, and solving the problem of farmers' difficulty in buying and selling. ". "The state encourages supply and marketing cooperatives and other agricultural production and operation organizations engaged in the purchase and sale of agricultural products to provide market information, develop agricultural product circulation channels, and provide services for the sales of agricultural products. ”

(3) “Continuously meet the practical needs of farmers in many aspects of production and life”, “Promote the development of rural economy and increase farmers’ income levels”

“Supply and marketing cooperatives are the key to prosperous rural areas "An important force in the economy". "According to the needs of farmers' production and life, we should address the needs of farmers, think about what farmers want, and provide what they need", "continuously meet the practical needs of farmers in many aspects of production and life", "make agricultural production more consistent with market demand, so that farmers can get more benefits." "As long as it is conducive to meeting the needs of agriculture, rural areas and farmers," "supply and marketing cooperatives should actively work in accordance with the law," and "promote the development of the rural economy and the improvement of farmers' income levels." .

(4) "Form a community of interests with farmers" and "truly become a bridge and link to strengthen the close ties between the party and the government and farmers"

"Supply and marketing cooperatives are Farmers' cooperative economic organizations also undertake certain economic and social tasks assigned by the state. In actual work, they must properly handle the interest relationship between the state and farmers." "Close the ties between the party and the government and the farmer masses." Strengthen the bridges and ties between the party and the government and farmers." "The operating mechanism of supply and marketing cooperatives must be established with the main purpose of not making profit for the members." "Enjoy, bear no risks", "connect interests and unite to promote agriculture." "The state guides and supports enterprises, scientific research institutions and other organizations engaged in the production, processing, and circulation services of agricultural products, through entering into contracts with farmers or farmers' professional cooperative economic organizations or establishing various types of enterprises, etc., to form a system of maximum sharing of benefits and risks." The people share the same interests, promote agricultural industrialization, and drive agricultural development. ”

(5) “Accelerate the construction of modern business network” and “give full play to the advantages in the field of rural circulation”

“Attach importance to the circulation of agricultural products and supply of production materials by supply and marketing cooperatives. role. “Supply and marketing cooperatives should innovate service methods, carry out extensive joint and cooperative operations, accelerate the construction of modern operating networks, and provide services for the circulation of agricultural products and the supply of farmers’ production and living materials. "We must give full play to our advantages in the field of rural circulation," and "we must actively organize and operate all goods and services that farmers need."

“In the purchase and sale of agricultural products, we should vigorously develop the contract system, joint venture system, agency system and profit return system, and establish a stable purchase and sales relationship with farmers. “Extensively carry out the ‘joint purchase and distribution’ of agricultural products and the ‘joint purchase and distribution’ of industrial products to improve economies of scale. "Vigorously develop the integration of trade, industry and agriculture, and the one-stop operation of production, supply and marketing led by processing and sales enterprises", "focus on the leading industries and backbone products of agricultural production, integrate production, processing, sales and other links", "realize Integration of production, supply, marketing, trade, industry and agriculture. "Develop agricultural product processing, storage, transportation and other secondary and tertiary industries, develop professional cooperatives", "actively establish professional agricultural cooperatives", "provide pre-production, mid-production and post-production services, and run village-level comprehensive service stations well" and Zhuangjia Hospital, provide production materials in a timely manner with high quality and quantity, help farmers develop specialized production" and "develop into a leading enterprise serving agricultural industrialization".

(6) "Connection "Urban and rural markets", "Promoting urban and rural material exchanges"

"Supply and marketing cooperatives should give full play to their advantages in connecting urban and rural markets, make use of existing urban network facilities, and run consumer cooperatives well. "Strive to develop urban and rural markets," "promote urban and rural material exchanges, ensure market supply," and "promote urban and rural economic development." "We must actively expand service areas and expand business scope, as long as it is conducive to meeting the needs of agriculture, rural areas, and farmers, and Supply and marketing cooperatives should actively engage in activities that are conducive to the prosperity of urban and rural economies in accordance with the law, and relevant departments should provide active support. “Over the past decades, supply and marketing cooperatives have built up a large team of workers. Generally speaking, this team is good. It has made great efforts and achieved remarkable results in promoting urban and rural economic development. "

(7) "Expand opening up to the outside world" and "Develop alliance and cooperation"

"Supply and marketing cooperatives must promote open cooperation, develop alliance and cooperation, and improve business vitality and market competition. "Strength", "Continuously enhance the awareness of market competition", "Improve economic benefits, and continuously enhance their ability to serve farmers". "The state encourages farmers, farmers' professional cooperative economic organizations, supply and marketing cooperatives, enterprises and institutions, etc. to participate in the promotion of agricultural technology. “We must actively expand opening up to the outside world, develop foreign economic, trade, and technological cooperation, introduce foreign capital, technology, and advanced management experience, and continuously increase foreign exchange earnings from exports. Relevant government departments should provide active support to supply and marketing cooperatives in carrying out foreign economic and trade activities and manage them in accordance with the law. “Encourage supply and marketing cooperatives to contract agricultural development projects and poverty alleviation projects with the government. ”

(The above materials are all selected from Documents No. 5 of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council [1995], [1999], Documents No. 1 of [2004] to [2007] and the "People's Republic of China and the People's Republic of China" "Agricultural Law".)

4. Construction of supply and marketing cooperatives

"The central government believes that the overall idea of ??deepening the reform of supply and marketing cooperatives is: from the needs of rural economic development, from the establishment of a socialist market The requirements of the economic system, starting from the urgent need to reform the supply and marketing cooperatives themselves, and focusing on the goal of truly turning the supply and marketing cooperatives into cooperative economic organizations for farmers, we must rationalize the organizational system, strengthen service functions, improve the operating mechanism, and strengthen supervision and management. and providing protection and support, focusing on grassroots cooperatives, and adopting effective and powerful policies and measures to make supply and marketing cooperatives truly reflect the nature of farmers' cooperative economic organizations, truly realize the purpose of providing comprehensive services to agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and truly become Strengthen the bridges and ties between the party and the government and farmers. ”

“Due to various reasons, the current supply and marketing cooperative system is not smooth, lacks operational vitality, has a weak concept of serving farmers, weakened service work, and has serious difficulties in operating grassroots cooperatives, and has not played its due role. This situation is very inconsistent with the development of rural economy and the needs of the peasant masses, and is very inconsistent with the goal of establishing a socialist market economic system. If changes are not made as soon as possible, supply and marketing cooperatives will be separated from the broad masses of farmers, their nature will change, their functions will shrink, and the organization will die. "

(1) Organizational system of supply and marketing cooperatives

"Supply and marketing cooperatives are divided into grassroots cooperatives, county and city federated cooperatives, provincial, autonomous region and municipal federated cooperatives, and national federated cooperatives.

Supply and marketing cooperatives at all levels have a bottom-up economic alliance relationship, and internally implement the principle that federated cooperatives serve member societies and federated cooperatives at all levels serve grassroots cooperatives. The Federation is responsible for guiding, coordinating, supervising, and educating and training personnel for its member societies. “A certain proportion of the operating income of federated cooperatives must be returned to grassroots cooperatives to strengthen the construction of grassroots cooperatives and enhance their function of serving farmers. ”

“Supply and marketing cooperatives at all levels are mass economic organizations that operate independently, are responsible for their own profits and losses, conduct independent accounting, pay taxes according to regulations, and are democratically managed by members. They have independent legal person status and enjoy the right to independently conduct economic and social activities in accordance with the law. autonomy. “All levels of federated cooperatives bear independent economic responsibilities. Except for the policy-related operating tasks entrusted by the state, the upper-level federated cooperatives do not assign operating tasks to the lower-level federated cooperatives. "

(2) Management system of supply and marketing cooperatives

"Supply and marketing cooperatives implement a representative meeting system and establish a board of directors and a board of supervisors. A certain proportion of member representatives must participate in the board of directors and the board of supervisors. Democratic elections are implemented for leadership members, recruitment contracts are implemented for employees, democratic consultation is implemented for major decisions, and democratic supervision is implemented for operation and management, fully embodying democracy. The daily work of supply and marketing cooperatives at all levels implements a board director responsibility system. The main functions of the board of directors are to provide business guidance to member societies, coordinate relations with government departments and social organizations, exercise the function of representing investors of social-owned assets at the same level, supervise the maintenance and appreciation of the value of social-owned assets, and enjoy the rights of owners according to the amount of investment according to law. assets, major decisions and the right to choose managers. ”

“The boards of directors of supply and marketing cooperatives at all levels are the ownership representatives and managers of the cooperative’s collective property (including the property of affiliated enterprises and institutions), and have the right to appoint and dismiss the main persons in charge of affiliated enterprises. The right to approve investment activities, the right to supervise and inspect enterprise operations and management, and the right to benefit from property, but does not interfere with the specific business activities of the enterprise. "

"Supply and marketing cooperatives should establish a board of supervisors, whose members are composed of heads of relevant government economic departments, member representatives and experts, to combine internal supervision with external supervision. The main functions of the board of supervisors are to supervise and inspect the implementation of relevant guidelines and policies of the party and the state, the completion of various economic and social tasks entrusted by the state, and the implementation of resolutions of the representative meeting, etc., to ensure that the supply and marketing cooperative adheres to the correct direction of running the cooperative. and the maintenance and appreciation of collective property. "

(3) The relationship between supply and marketing cooperatives and farmer members

"The cooperative principles of voluntariness, mutual benefit, democracy, and equality must be adhered to. “According to the principle of voluntariness, strive for a wider range of farmers to join the society and fully reflect its mass character. It is necessary to insist on farmers' freedom to join and withdraw from cooperatives, and forced orders must not be imposed. “We must respect the wishes of farmers, adhere to voluntary association, mutual benefit and reciprocity, implement democratic management and democratic supervision, and ensure farmers’ due rights in the activities of supply and marketing cooperatives. “We must truly reflect the status of owners and protect the rights and interests of owners from a legal, institutional and policy perspective. ”

(4) Internal management and operating mechanism of supply and marketing cooperatives

“Various forms of operating responsibility systems should be implemented within supply and marketing cooperatives, constantly enhance the awareness of market competition, invigorate business operations, and strengthen Enterprise management, improve economic efficiency. No matter which business responsibility system is implemented, its collective ownership nature must not be changed, and the preservation and appreciation of assets must be ensured, and the economic rights and interests of members must be ensured. It is necessary to further reform the distribution system and break the 'iron rice bowl' and egalitarianism. ”

“The collective property of supply and marketing cooperatives cannot be quantified to individuals and cannot be divided. “No unit or individual may evenly adjust its property, or arbitrarily change the affiliation of the supply and marketing cooperative and its affiliated enterprises. The practices of some places that arbitrarily change the affiliation of enterprises owned by supply and marketing cooperatives and decentralize grassroots cooperatives to township (town) governments should be corrected. “The practices in some places of arbitrarily balancing and disposing of the property of supply and marketing cooperatives and affiliated enterprises, quantifying the property of supply and marketing cooperatives to individual employees, changing supply and marketing cooperatives into joint-stock companies, and establishing joint-stock cooperative systems are all contrary to the nature of supply and marketing cooperatives. , must be resolutely corrected."

“The National Supply and Marketing Cooperatives and provincial, municipal (prefecture) level cooperatives should vigorously streamline their organizations, reduce staff and reduce swelling, and the required funds should be included in the financial budgets of the same level, and management should no longer be withdrawn from the enterprises they run. "The board of directors and organizational structure of the county association shall be determined by the members' congress, and the management personnel shall be appointed by the board of directors. The staffing shall be strictly approved, and the funding sources shall remain current."

(5) Management of Enterprises Affiliated to Supply and Marketing Cooperatives

“Enterprises affiliated to supply and marketing cooperatives at all levels are independent corporate legal persons, with autonomy in operation, employment, distribution, etc., and implement independent operations, be responsible for their own profits and losses, self-development, and self-discipline.” Socially-run enterprises must accelerate the pace of reform around turning around losses and increasing profits, insist on proceeding from reality, adapt measures to local conditions, and take various forms. However, they must protect the rights and interests of investors, and are not allowed to quantify and divide social-owned assets for free. They must accept the supervision of creditor banks and prevent evasion. Bank debt. It is necessary to strengthen management, establish a responsibility system for turning around losses and increasing profits at all levels, and implement income distribution methods that are linked to economic benefits, and reduce expenses for laid-off state employees in social enterprises. Incorporate into local re-employment projects. Efforts should be made to tap the potential of existing enterprises and avoid blindly setting up new ones. We should determine to stop and exit existing enterprises and projects that have no hope of turning around, and try to reduce losses to enterprises run by cooperatives at all levels. Cooperate with each other and compete on an equal footing on the basis of independent operation and responsibility for profits and losses."

(6) Construction of grassroots supply and marketing cooperatives

"Grassroots supply and marketing cooperatives are the foundation and direct foundation of supply and marketing cooperatives. It is a basic link to reflect the nature of farmers' cooperative economic organizations and realize the purpose of serving farmers. "Grass-level supply and marketing cooperatives must be established as comprehensive service organizations." "Appropriately adjust the scale of grass-roots social cooperatives to improve scale operation efficiency where conditions permit. Establish cooperatives with large market towns as the center, implement merged cooperatives and keep stores, and appropriately expand the scale of operations. "Grassroots cooperatives should directly reflect the purpose of serving farmers and the nature of cooperative economy, re-identify the legitimate rights and interests of cooperative members through asset verification, and implement democracy. Management, democratic supervision, maximum sharing of benefits, and maximum risk sharing. The members of the board of directors and the board of supervisors are democratically elected by the members to truly achieve the goal of being owned by the people, managed by the people, and enjoyed by the people. People who understand business, know how to manage, have a pioneering spirit, and have a decent work style will enrich the leadership of grassroots cooperatives, and pay attention to attracting outstanding members of the farmer members to participate in management. "In accordance with the regulations of the cooperative, member representative meetings must be held on schedule to report on work and listen to reports. All types of stores in grassroots supply and marketing cooperatives implement various forms of operating responsibility systems. Except for a few stores and counter groups that specialize in selling daily necessities and are engaged in catering and service industries. We will never engage in 'community-owned operations' or 'community-owned private operations'. "Grassroots cooperatives must improve their operating mechanisms, operate independently, be responsible for their own profits and losses, strengthen internal management, reduce operating expenses, and improve economic efficiency. There is no hope of turning around losses and insolvency. The grass-roots cooperatives will be bankrupted in accordance with the law. The official employees of the bankrupt grass-roots cooperatives will be included in the local re-employment project. "_

(7) Supply and marketing cooperatives' workforce construction

" Supply and marketing cooperatives at all levels. We must regard the construction of the workforce as a basic task. It is necessary to strengthen ideological and political work, care about the lives of employees, protect their rights and interests, and stabilize the workforce. It is necessary to run various professional schools and training centers well and strengthen business, technical training and professional ethics education for current employees. It is necessary to deepen the reform of the labor and employment system, implement a recruitment system for managers, implement a labor contract system for employees, and assess technical titles for professional and technical personnel in accordance with relevant national regulations. It is necessary to widely absorb all kinds of outstanding talents, optimize the talent structure, improve the quality of the workforce, and better shoulder the historical responsibility of supply and marketing cooperatives. ”

(The above materials are all selected from Document No. 5 [1995] and [1999] of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council)

5. The relationship between supply and marketing cooperatives and the government

“In accordance with the principle of separation of government and society, supply and marketing cooperatives at all levels withdraw from the sequence of government administrative agencies. According to actual needs, they can undertake tasks entrusted by the government, perform certain functions authorized by the government, and attend relevant government meetings. The government provides guidance, coordination, support and supervision in accordance with laws and policies.

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“Local governments at all levels must strengthen guidance, coordination, support and supervision of supply and marketing cooperatives, but must not interfere with the normal operating activities of supply and marketing cooperatives. Structural adjustment of supply and marketing cooperatives, enterprise reform, re-employment projects, etc. that require government organization and coordination shall be the responsibility of the local people's government. It is necessary to effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of supply and marketing cooperatives, and it is not allowed to arbitrarily assign policy operating tasks and make various administrative apportionments. In the future, whenever the government entrusts supply and marketing cooperatives to engage in policy-related business, an entrustment contract must be signed in advance to clarify responsibilities and obligations and ensure fulfillment. Banks must also strengthen capital supervision, correct the problem of long-term account opening, and ensure the safety of funds. "_

"Supply and marketing cooperatives shoulder the important task of providing systematic social services for the rural economy, agricultural production, and farmers' lives, and governments at all levels must provide protection and support. It is necessary to protect the property rights and interests of supply and marketing cooperatives and ensure the integrity of their organizations. ”

“Governments at all levels must pay attention to the role of supply and marketing cooperatives, and at the same time take into account their economic interests. Supply and marketing cooperatives should actively undertake and complete the business operations and social service tasks entrusted by the state with quality and quantity. The tasks entrusted by the government should ensure the provision of necessary funds, and the resulting policy losses should be compensated. Supply and marketing cooperatives undertake the task of national reserve of important agricultural products and agricultural production materials, and the required funds shall be handled in accordance with relevant national regulations. When the state and local governments entrust agricultural input enterprises to undertake reserve tasks, they must determine the amount of reserve expenses and interest subsidies. The past debts of supply and marketing cooperatives and the policy losses caused by the government's entrusted tasks will be cleared up by the national planning, finance, auditing, banking and other departments and the newly established National Supply and Marketing Cooperatives, and appropriate measures will be taken to gradually solve. "In order to promote the transformation of supply and marketing cooperatives' operating mechanisms and properly resolve supply and marketing cooperatives' loss-making accounts, the State Council decided to establish a supply and marketing cooperatives' loss-making accounts cleanup and verification team to comprehensively clean up and verify the supply and marketing cooperatives' historical loss-making accounts, and to "distinguish the nature of the losses and accounts." Formulate specific handling measures based on the principle of "separating responsibilities and shouldering burdens step by step" and submit them to the State Council for approval before implementation. Governments at all levels must fully assist the supply and marketing cooperatives' loss-making account cleanup and verification teams to carry out cleanup and verification work to ensure the smooth progress of this work. "

"Accelerate the legislative work on supply and marketing cooperatives, use laws and regulations to clarify their nature and purpose, regulate their behavior, and protect their rights and interests. ”

(The above materials are all selected from Document No. 5 of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council [1995] and [1999])