Answering skills of junior high school Chinese reading questions

Answering skills of junior middle school Chinese reading comprehension

Nanjing Foreign Language School Xianlin Campus Week

According to the new curriculum standards and the actual situation of the current senior high school entrance examination, Chinese reading comprehension in middle schools plays a very important role in the examination, while middle school students lose a lot of points in this respect. This paper summarizes the typical questions in the reading comprehension test and tells us the corresponding answering skills.

Keywords: reading comprehension, answering skills of typical questions in the new curriculum standard

At present, great changes have taken place in Chinese teaching and examination in junior high schools all over the country, which are reflected in the following points in the senior high school entrance examination: First, the proportion of basic knowledge has been further reduced, which mostly involves recitation and literary common sense; Second, modern Chinese reading has shifted from in-class to out-of-class. At present, most provinces and cities only test extracurricular articles. Third, change the objective test questions into subjective test questions that students can play freely. The answer is not unique, but meaningful. Therefore, the extracurricular reading of Modern Chinese has actually become half of junior middle school Chinese. At present, students have a good grasp of the basic knowledge in the process of taking the exam, focusing on the content of reading comprehension, so the gap between students appears. From the analysis of the results of the usual exams, the differences of students' Chinese exam results mainly focus on reading comprehension.

There is a provision about "reading" in "Chinese New Curriculum Standard" in junior middle school. "4. On the basis of reading through the text, clear your mind, understand the main content, appreciate and scrutinize the meaning and function of important words in the language environment. I have my own experience in the content and expression of the text, I can put forward my own opinions and questions, and I can discuss difficult problems in a cooperative way. 6, understand the narrative, description, explanation, discussion, lyricism and other expressions in reading. 7. Be able to distinguish realistic works from fictional works and understand literary styles such as poetry, prose, novels and dramas. 8. When appreciating literary works, we can have our own emotional experience and initially understand the connotation of the works, from which we can get beneficial enlightenment to nature, society and life. The ideological and emotional tendency of the works can be evaluated in connection with the cultural background; Be able to tell his own experience of touching scenes and images in his works; Taste the expressive language in the works. 9. Read scientific and technological works and pay attention to understanding the scientific spirit and scientific thinking method embodied in the works. From the above text, we can easily find that reading comprehension questions are designed according to the requirements of curriculum standards.

We also found a strange phenomenon in statistical analysis. Some students with poor basic knowledge usually lose less points in reading comprehension, while some students with good basic knowledge lose more points in reading comprehension. What is the reason? In fact, for reading comprehension questions, we can still find out the rules of the questions and remember the skills of how to answer specific questions.

Throughout the reading comprehension questions in the senior high school entrance examination papers in various places, there are nothing more than the following types, which we will analyze one by one. Of course, each of us should read the reading materials carefully before answering all the questions.

1, the function of the first paragraph, the function of the middle paragraph or sentence, and the function of the last paragraph.

We can answer this question from two aspects: for the first paragraph, structurally speaking, it is to write down the theme, point out the center of the article, go straight to the theme, get the full text, or play the following role; In terms of content, it is to pave the way for the following, and to pave the way for the description of the following content. The problem in the middle part plays a bridge role in the structure. The function of the last paragraph or sentence is to summarize the full text, point out the main idea of the article, make people unforgettable and take care of the topic.

2. What thoughts and feelings does the article express?

This needs to be answered according to the specific content of the article. Common ones are singing, praising, loving, touching, happy, longing, shock, missing, melancholy, faint sadness, regret, missing hometown and relatives, or boredom, hatred, pain, shame, guilt, hatred, sadness, grief and regret. Between the lines of the article, we can see the feelings of the general author. Some of them may be written implicitly, while others are expressed directly.

3. Summarize the main idea of the article.

For this kind of topic, you must read the full text carefully several times before answering, and then you can answer with such key words: "The story passed ..., you praised (praised) the author's thoughts and feelings and revealed profound truth ...". From the article, we can also find that in every paragraph of the article, especially in the first or last sentence of the first or last paragraph, the philosophical sentences in the article are often the theme that the author wants to express.

4. What expressions are used in underlined sentences? What's the role?

When we see this type of topic, we should first look at the expressions used in this sentence, that is, narrative, description, explanation, discussion and lyricism. Specifically, description is divided into character description, scenery description and comprehensive scene description. Character description can also be subdivided into language description, action description, psychological description, portrait description and detail description, and the role of description is to make the article vivid, vivid and touching. The use of lyricism can enhance the appeal of the article and highlight the center of the article. If there are some fairy tales, folklore and descriptions of magical scenes in nature, its function is to increase the mystery of what is written and arouse readers' interest.

5. What rhetorical devices are used in the sentences in the text? What's the role?

There are many kinds of rhetoric, eight of which are commonly used: metaphor, analogy, exaggeration, parallelism, duality, repetition, rhetorical question and rhetorical question. Among them, metaphor, personification, exaggeration and parallelism are the most frequently tested. Metaphor has three functions: first, it makes profound truths simple and helps people deepen their body odor; The second is to concretize abstract things and make them easy to accept; The third is to visualize the summary and give people a vivid impression. The role of personification is to make readers not only have a vivid impression on the things expressed, but also feel the author's strong feelings about things. Using personification to express favorite things can make them vivid and make people feel more intimate and natural. Things that show hatred can be made ugly, giving people a strong sense of disgust. The function of exaggeration is to deeply express the author's distinct emotional attitude towards things, thus causing readers to scream strongly; Rendering the image of things can arouse people's rich imagination and help highlight the essence and characteristics of things. The function of parallelism lies in highlighting the center of the article, expressing strong and unrestrained emotions and enhancing the momentum of language; It is an important link to improve the expression effect. There are also overlapping words and short sentences, which make the article full of rhythm, beautiful rhyme and catchy to read.

Another rhetoric is quotation. Sometimes, in reading comprehension, poems, celebrity stories and related contents in celebrity language or celebrity works are quoted. The question will be "What is the function of the quoted content in the article?" When answering this question, we should pay attention to two key words. One is "to contrast the quality of the narrative object and highlight the spirit of the protagonist".

The above types of questions must be answered in combination with the specific content of the article.

6. What does a sentence in the text mean? Or tell us something profound? Please tell me your understanding.

The answer to this question cannot be solved simply by looking for ready-made sentences from the text. This requires our students to read more and accumulate more at ordinary times, read more and remember some philosophical quotes, so as to truly understand the meaning of the article, enrich the answers and accurately express their understanding of the article in their own language.

7. Compare reading comprehension.

Sometimes exams compare articles in class with articles with similar content outside class. For this type of topic, we can compare the content, writing characteristics and emotional tone of the article.

The above is the answer of the standard question to the narrative. Let's look at the reading comprehension of narrative.

8. Reading comprehension of explanatory texts.

For the reading comprehension of expository texts, we can grasp three points: the explanatory object, the explanatory sequence and the explanatory method. There are three interpretation orders: chronological order, spatial order and logical order. The most important thing is to explain the method and its function. Common interpretation methods include classification, example, analogy, enumeration of data, comparison, definition, interpretation, drawing charts and quoting data. Among them, classification, example, analogy, data list and comparison involve more. The function of classification is to clarify complex things. Examples can make the content concrete and convincing. The explanation of analogy is consistent with the metaphor in figures of speech. This method can highlight the characteristics of things and enhance the vividness and vividness of interpretation. Column data can make the things explained more specific and make it easier for readers to understand the relevant content. Comparison is similar to rhetorical comparison. When explaining some abstract or unfamiliar things, we can compare them with concrete or familiar things, so that readers can get a concrete and vivid impression through comparison, and the characteristics of things often appear in comparison. When answering questions about expository language, we should pay attention to the accuracy of the language, and the language style can be divided into plain and vivid.

Narrative and expository texts are common in the reading of senior high school entrance examination, and there are few argumentative papers, so I won't repeat them because of limited space. These are just my personal summary and superficial views on the teaching work in these years, hoping to help our students in their studies and exams.

Attachment: References:

Knowledge package of junior middle school Chinese teaching materials Beijing Education Publishing House

Junior high school "Chinese new curriculum standard" People's Education Press.