Analysis of Cold Chain Transportation Problems

Analysis of Cold Chain Transportation Problems

Introduction: Transport is also constantly upgrading following market changes, especially the advent of the e-commerce era, which has greatly promoted the development of the transportation industry. Development has had a huge impact on production, circulation and consumption. Today’s transportation industry is no longer what it used to be.

1. Current status of cold chain transportation

Cold chain logistics generally refers to the fact that refrigerated and frozen foods are always in a specified low temperature environment during all stages from production, storage, transportation, and sales to consumption. It is a systematic project to ensure food quality and reduce food loss. It was established with the advancement of science and technology and the development of refrigeration technology. It is a low-temperature logistics process based on refrigeration technology and using refrigeration technology as a means. For the rapid development of China's agricultural product cold chain logistics industry, the country must formulate and implement scientific and effective macro policies as soon as possible. The requirements for cold chain logistics are relatively high, and the corresponding management and financial investments are larger than those for ordinary room temperature logistics. my country's cold chain industry is still in its infancy and has a low level of development. Our country consumes nearly 1 billion tons of perishable food every year, and more than 50% require cold chain transportation, but only about 10% can achieve cold chain transportation. In my country, 12 million tons of fruits and 130 million tons of vegetables rot every year. It is estimated from the data that the agricultural products wasted in my country due to the lack of cold chain logistics account for 100 million acres of cultivated land every year, accounting for about 5% of the total cultivated land in my country. In the transportation link, refrigerated and refrigerated transportation of perishable and fresh-keeping food only accounts for .20% of the total transportation volume. The remaining 80-90% of poultry meat, aquatic products, fruits and vegetables are mostly transported by ordinary trucks, resulting in 1 million tons of fruit rotting every year. Approximately 400,000 tons of fish caught are rotten every year due to spoilage or devaluation. Due to the low efficiency of refrigerated transportation, the loss of perishable and fresh-keeping food is high, and the entire logistics cost accounts for 70% of the cost of perishable and fresh-keeping food. According to international standards, food logistics costs cannot exceed 50% of the total food cost.

2. Problems in cold chain transportation

1. China’s cold chain infrastructure is backward and unevenly distributed, and its functions are unbalanced. At present, there are about 70,000 refrigerated and insulated vehicles in China, while the United States has more than 200,000. The ratio of refrigerated and insulated vehicles in China to freight vehicles is only about 0.3. In terms of per capita cold storage capacity, the United States is five times that of China. In addition, the current structure of cold storage in China is unreasonable, resulting in functional imbalances. For example, there are many cold storages for meat and few cold storages for fruits and vegetables, many cold storages and few fresh-keeping storages. There are many cold storages in cities and few cold storages in rural areas. There are many commercial cold storages and few processing cold storages. Civil engineering There are many conventional cold storages and few prefabricated cold storages. There are many cold storages in the east and few cold storages in the central and western regions. Take Shuanghui's cold chain logistics as an example. Although there are a certain number of cold storage and refrigerated transportation fleets, the service functions are single.

The scale is small, the service scope is small, a cross-regional service network has not been formed, and the market cannot be provided. Full comprehensive logistics services according to your needs.

2. There is a lack of supervision of cold chain standards and poor implementation by enterprises. According to statistics, there are more than 200 cold chain related standards in China, but all of these standards are recommended standards. In recent years, the Cold Chain Committee of the China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing has also formulated a number of national and industry standards for cold chain based on industry needs, and We have carried out standard pilot and publicity work, but the strength of the association alone is limited. We call on relevant government departments to use standards to supervise the industry and supervise food safety in the field of cold chain logistics. However, the current supervision in this area is still quite imperfect. There are some unscrupulous companies that operate under the banner of full cold chain but implement intermittent cooling to reduce the cost of cold chain logistics. Developed countries have attached great importance to cold chain logistics to the level of regulations. For example, many European countries have adopted the "Agreement Certification for International Transportation of Perishable Foods and Special Transportation Equipment", which has detailed requirements for cold chain transportation and cold chain equipment. Once companies are exposed, they will face fines and even legal sanctions. Cold chain logistics is developed on the basis of food processing technology and refrigeration technology. It is a low-temperature system project with high technological content involving food safety.

The transportation management information system is an information management system for enterprise logistics departments and third-party logistics organizations. It can handle order processing, transportation, distribution, carrier management, transportation capacity management, return order management, and accounts receivable and payable involved in the enterprise's transportation process. Management and return management and other services.

2. Innovation brought by cross-border cold chain. Cross-border cold chain has the ability to accept market impact, competitiveness, and integration capabilities that traditional cold chain logistics companies do not have. At present, the profits of the cold chain logistics industry are mostly less than 8, which is not a highly profitable industry, and the degree of specialization is very high. It is necessary to cross-border cooperation between catering companies, fresh food e-commerce companies and cold chain logistics companies to achieve cross-border win-win on the basis of joint efforts, create new business models, and bring new development opportunities to the industry.

3. Innovation drives the cold chain to leapfrog and break through the traditional business model. Production and consumption are integrated, industry and life are growing simultaneously, and the era of diversified cold chain logistics is coming. Cold chain logistics companies will face opportunities such as the consistency of food packaging and logistics packaging, dealer service management, international trade distribution management, overall outsourcing of cold chain logistics, and brand building of agricultural products. By grasping industry trends, providing value-added services to customers, gradually improving the business chain, cultivating customer stickiness, and establishing long-term and stable partnerships, it has become an industry trend in cold chain logistics. Develop China's cold chain logistics by continuously improving the cold chain logistics system. On the one hand, the rational allocation of China's cold chain logistics resources can be achieved by building public cold storage, enterprise alliances, composite cold chain logistics systems, and integrated cold chain systems. On the other hand, the platform economy of China's cold chain logistics can be created by establishing cold chain logistics centers, cold chain logistics information centers, cold chain logistics distribution centers, and system integration centers.

4. Apply multi-temperature layer technology during transportation. According to the different moisturizing requirements of different foods, an insulation layer is set between refrigeration and freezing, which can inhibit the maturation of plants, maintain the original flavor of food, and create the best fresh-keeping environment for different foods, truly ensuring quality, taste, and Maintain nutrition. In traditional logistics transportation, if the goods that customers require to be transported have different temperature requirements, products with different temperatures must be packed into containers that meet the requirements. Due to different product needs, the utilization rate of the containers may be very low, and the transportation cost To increase the size, this problem can be solved with multi-temperature layer technology. Insulation layers are set up in the containers and products with different temperature requirements are placed separately, which improves utilization and reduces costs. This product has strong stability and effectiveness, is environmentally friendly and healthy, and is more in line with consumer needs.

In short, the cold chain logistics industry and related fresh food industries are interdependent. Only by working together to develop the cold chain link can our fresh food benefit more people and provide customers with better services. Good experience. Seize the tide of technological innovation, develop cold chain transportation links based on the progress of contemporary science and technology, and promote the cold chain logistics industry to respond to industry changes. In recent years, with the construction of the airport area and tax declaration area, especially the Zhengzhou area, as the country's large transportation hub, is developing towards an international metropolis, and the internationalization of fresh food requires the participation of cold chain transportation, so We need to work together, including our college students, to contribute to our country's cold chain transportation. ;