How many ethnic minorities are there in Guangxi?

There are 56 ethnic groups in Guangxi. There are 12 permanent ethnic groups and 44 other ethnic minorities living in the territory.

1. Guangxi is an autonomous region inhabited by many ethnic groups. The resident ethnic groups include Zhuang, Han, Yao, Miao, Dong, Mulao, Maonan, Hui, Jing, Yi, Shui, Gelao, etc. 12 There are more than 40 other ethnic groups including Manchu, Mongolian, Korean, Bai, Tibetan, Li and Tujia. The Zhuang ethnic group is the largest ethnic minority in Guangxi.

2. Guangxi is an ethnic minority autonomous region with Zhuang as the main body. It is also the province (region) with the largest ethnic minority population in the country. There are 12 permanent ethnic groups living in the territory, including Zhuang, Han, Yao, Miao, Dong, Mulao, Maonan, Hui, Jing, Yi, Shui and Gelao. Among them, Guangxi has the largest population of Yao people in the country, accounting for approximately the total population of Yao people in the country. of 60.

3. Guangxi has the largest Mulao population in the country, accounting for about 90% of the country’s Mulao population; Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County is the only Maonan autonomous county in the country and is the largest Maonan settlement in my country. District, with a population of more than 70,000 people; Guangxi is the only residence of the Jing ethnic group in China, with 44 other ethnic minorities living in the territory.

4. The 11 ethnic minorities who have lived in Guangxi for generations, except the Hui people who use the Chinese dialect of the place where they live, all have their own languages, namely Zhuang, Jing, Yao, Miao, and Dong. , Mulao, Maonan, Beijing, Yi, Shui, and Gelao. The number of people speaking Shuiyu and Gelao is on the decline, and they are already endangered languages.

There are six Chinese dialects: Cantonese, Southwest Mandarin (Guiliu Mandarin), Hakka, Pinghua, Hunan, and Min.

Extended information:

1. Zhuang nationality.

The Zhuang ethnic group, formerly known as the Tong (zhuàng) ethnic group, is the most populous ethnic minority in my country. Their national language is Zhuang.

The Zhuang ethnic group originated from the "Xiou" and "Luoyue" people living in the Lingnan area recorded in the historical records of the Han people during the pre-Qin, Qin and Han dynasties. The Zhuang ethnic group is distributed in 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government across the country.

On October 12, 1965, based on the proposal of Zhou Enlai, the then Premier of the State Council, and with the consent of the Zhuang people, the State Council officially approved the change of "Tong" in the Tong ethnic group to "strong" in "Strong". Character.

Most of the festivals of the Zhuang people are the same as those of the Han people. Traditional Han folk festivals such as the Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Spring and Autumn Festival, Qingming, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Double Ninth Festival, New Year's Eve, etc. are also annual festivals of the Zhuang people. The Zhuang people's festivals with national characteristics are the "March 3rd" Song Festival, "Niu Soul Festival", "Hungry Ghost Festival", etc.

2. Yao people.

The Yao people are one of the oldest ethnic groups in China. The Yao people are one of the "Nine Li" people in the ancient East. They are the most widely distributed ethnic minority in South China and one of the longest-lived ethnic groups in China. Legend has it that the Yao people are the descendants of Panhu and the third princess, the daughter of Emperor Ku.

The Yao people have many traditional festivals. Small festivals occur almost every month, and they differ from place to place. Major festivals include Spring Festival, Qingming Festival, She Festival, Panwang Festival, "Zhuzhu Festival", "Wangwang Festival", etc. During the Spring Festival, the Yao people hold cultural and sports activities with ethnic characteristics such as singing hall songs, playing bronze drums, racing tops, shooting crossbows, hunting, throwing hydrangeas, and fighting thrushes.

3. Miao people.

The Miao people in Guangxi mainly live in the four autonomous counties of Rongshui, Longlin, Sanjiang and Longsheng, while the rest live scattered in Ziyuan, Xilin, Rong'an, Nan, Du'an, Huanjiang, Tianlin, Laibin, Na Within the boundaries of Po and other counties (autonomous counties). The Miao people in Guangxi call themselves "Mu", "Meng" and "Daji". They call them Pian Miao, White Miao, Red Miao, Hua Miao, Qingshui Miao, Qiang Miao, Grass Miao, etc.

Except for the Miao Nian in Guangxi, which has its own traditional festival, other festivals are basically the same as those of the Han people, but the content of their activities is different.

4. Dong people.

The ancestors of the Dong people were called "Qianshou" in pre-Qin documents. It is generally believed that the Dong people developed from a branch of the ancient Baiyue. The Dong people are mainly engaged in agriculture, which mainly focuses on planting rice. Rice planting has a long history. They also engage in forestry, and agricultural and forestry production has reached a very high level.

The Dong people in Guangxi are mainly distributed in Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County, Longsheng Autonomous County, and Rongshui Miao Autonomous County. The most common festivals of the Dong people are the Spring Festival, worshiping the Cow God (on the eighth day of April or the sixth day of June in the lunar calendar), and the New Eating Festival (in the seventh month of the lunar calendar). In some areas, the Dong New Year is celebrated in October or November. Due to the exchanges between ethnic groups, the Dong people also have festivals such as Qingming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and Double Ninth Festival.

5. Mùlǎo tribe.

The Mulao people's national language is Mulao, which belongs to the Dongshui branch of the Zhuang-Dong language family of the Sino-Tibetan language family. They have no written language of their own and use Chinese characters. In Guangxi, most of the Mulao people live in Dongmen, Sibao, Huangjin, Long'an, Tianhe, Xiaochang'an and other places in Luocheng Mulao Autonomous County. A small number live scattered in Xincheng, Yishan, Liucheng, Du'an, Huanjiang, Hechi, Rongshui, Rong'an and other counties.

The Mulao people have a very rich festival culture. There are many festivals throughout the year, almost every month. This is because in addition to the Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Chunshe, Qingming Festival, etc. In addition to the festivals that are common to the local Zhuang and Han people, such as the Dragon Boat Festival, Autumn Society, Mid-Autumn Festival, Double Ninth Festival, Kitchen King Festival, etc., there are also many festivals with ethnic characteristics. Among the Mulao people, even the festivals shared with other ethnic groups have unique ethnic flavors.

6. Maonan people.

The Maonan people in Guangxi call themselves "Ananda" or "Ainan" (single name), "Qunan" (public name), which means "people of this place". Translated into Chinese, it means "Maonan people". The Zhuang people call the Maonan people "Bunan", "Wen Maonan", etc., which also translates to "Maonan people".

The "Five Dragon Festival" is the largest folk festival of the Maonan people in Guangxi, held in the fifth month of the lunar calendar. Before the early 20th century, people gathered inside and outside the temple every year during the festival, so it was also called the "Temple Festival" or the "May Temple Festival."

7. Buyi people.

The Buyi people evolved from the ancient Liao people and focus on agriculture. Their ancestors began planting rice very early and are known as the "rice nation".

The Buyi people have many traditional festivals. In addition to the New Year, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, etc., which are similar to those of the Han people, festivals such as "March 3", "April 8" and "June 6" are all It has the inherent characteristics of this nation.

8. Jing nationality.

The majority of the Jing people are in Southeast Asia. The Jing people in Guangxi are mainly distributed in Fangchenggang City. They mainly live on the three islands of Chaowei, Shanxin and Wutou in Jiangping Town, Dongxing City. The three islands are known as the "Three Jing Islands" " known as.

The main national festivals of the Jing people include "Harbin Festival", "Spring Festival", "Zhongyuan Festival", "Eating New Rice Festival", etc. "Ha Festival" is a grand national festival in the Jing nationality's annual customs. It holds four important activities: worshiping gods, worshiping ancestors, cultural entertainment and local drinking. The dates of "Ha Festival" vary from place to place. The two islands of Chaowei and Wutou fall on the tenth day of the sixth lunar month, Shanxin Island falls on the tenth day of the eighth month, and Hongkan Village falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month.

The "Ha Festival" is held in the "Ha Pavilion", and there are "Ha Pavilions" built in various places. The "Hating" in each village uses high-quality wood, has a solid structure, and has a unique ethnic form. In the middle of the ridge of the roof is a festive image of two dragons playing with a pearl. The Ha Pavilion is divided into left and right side halls and the main hall; the main hall is equipped with the seats of gods believed by the Jing family. Couplets or poems with national customs are carved on the pillars in the temple.

9. Aquatic tribe.

The Shui people are a single ethnic group in southern China that developed from the "Luo Yue" branch of the ancient "Baiyue" ethnic group. The Shui people's ancient writing system retains the combination of pictorial characters, hieroglyphs, and abstract characters. Characteristics. There are Shui ethnic villages in Hechi, Nandan, Huanjiang, Rongshui and other counties in northern Guangxi.

10. The Yi (yí) ethnic group is the Yi ethnic group in China. The sixth largest ethnic minority, the national language is Yi. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, due to different regions and dialects, the Yi people had many branches and had many different nicknames and self-identifications. The main nicknames were "Yi", "Black Yi" and "Black Yi". "White Yi", "Red Yi", "Gan Yi", "Huayao", "Micha", etc.

Festivals are a concentrated expression of the lifestyle and customs of the Yi people in various places.

There are agricultural festivals that focus on agricultural production; there are sacrificial festivals that focus on worshiping gods and ancestors; there are commemorative festivals that focus on commemorating heroes and major events; there are celebration festivals that focus on celebrating harvests and victories. ; There are social entertainment festivals based on singing, dancing and opera activities.

11. Gē (gē) Lao people.

The origin of the Gelao ethnic group is related to the ancient Liao (lǎo) people. Their national language is Gelao, which belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language family. They have no written language of their own and the common language is Chinese. The Gelao language worships ancestors and worships the Bamboo King, Man King ancestors and mountain gods. The Gelao people in Guangxi are mainly distributed in Longlin Autonomous County of various ethnic groups in Guangxi.

The most important festivals of the year for the Gelao people are "Spring Festival", "Qingming Festival", "Mountain Festival", "Dragon Boat Festival", "Eating New Year", "Mid-Autumn Festival", and "Double Ninth Festival". Festival", "Ox King Festival", "Sparrow Respecting Festival", "Insect Catching Festival", etc., among which the most solemn is the Spring Festival.

The Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is a multi-ethnic settlement where cultures are intertwined. Over time, ethnic minorities have also become partially Chineseized. Of course, in folk villages or inhabited areas of ethnic minorities, we are better able to Feel the strong national customs and hope that all ethnic groups will unite and inherit the national characteristics intact.

Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia-Guangxi