Information on handwritten reports on earthquake prevention and disaster reduction

What is an earthquake?

An earthquake is a ground vibration caused by the dislocation and rupture of underground rock layers due to stress. It is a natural phenomenon like typhoons, heavy rains, floods, and lightning.

Earthquakes are the worst natural disasters. Earthquakes occur every day on the earth. About 5 million earthquakes occur around the world every year. Most earthquakes are small in magnitude and cannot be felt by humans. Among them, there are about 50,000 felt earthquakes, nearly 1,000 earthquakes causing damage, and only a dozen earthquakes with magnitude 7 or above causing huge damage, and most of them occurred in sparsely populated areas.

Basic knowledge of earthquakes

The origin of earthquake vibrations is called the earthquake source; the place on the ground directly opposite to the earthquake source is called the epicenter;

Other locations on the ground The distance to the epicenter is called the epicentral distance; the distance to the earthquake source is called the focal distance;

The vertical distance from the epicenter to the earthquake source is called the focal depth.

How to avoid shocks at school --

During class, students should quickly hold their heads, close their eyes, and hide under their desks under the instruction of the teacher.

When in the playground or outdoors, you can squat down and protect your head with your hands. Be careful to avoid tall buildings or dangerous objects.

Don't go back to the classroom.

Evacuation should be organized after the earthquake.

Classes should be held outdoors when necessary

China is a country prone to earthquakes

China is located in the world’s two major seismic zones—the Pacific Rim Seismic Zone and the Eurasian Seismic Zone. Between them, there are very developed seismic fault zones due to the compression of the Pacific Plate, the Indian Plate and the Philippine Sea Plate. Since this century, nearly 800 earthquakes of magnitude 6 or above have occurred in China, affecting all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities except Guizhou and Zhejiang and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

China is a country prone to severe earthquake disasters due to its high frequency, high intensity, shallow epicenter and wide distribution. Since 1900, as many as 550,000 people have died in earthquakes in China, accounting for 53% of global earthquake deaths; since 1949, more than 100 devastating earthquakes have hit 22 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), including the eastern region More than 270,000 people lost their lives in 14 provinces, accounting for 54% of the country's deaths from various disasters. The earthquake-stricken area reached more than 300,000 square kilometers, and 7 million houses collapsed. The severity of earthquakes and other natural disasters constitutes one of China's basic national conditions.

my country’s seismic activities are mainly distributed in 23 seismic zones in five regions.

my country’s seismic activities are mainly distributed in 23 seismic zones in five regions. These five regions are: ① Taiwan Province and its adjacent waters; ② Southwest region, mainly Tibet, western Sichuan and central and western Yunnan; ③ Northwest region, mainly in Gansu Hexi Corridor, Qinghai, Ningxia, and the northern and southern foothills of Tianshan; ④ North China Areas, mainly on both sides of the Taihang Mountains, the Fenwei River Valley, the Yinshan-Yanshan area, central Shandong and the Bohai Bay; ⑤ Guangdong, Fujian and other places on the southeast coast. my country's Taiwan Province is located in the Pacific Rim Seismic Belt, Tibet, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Sichuan, Qinghai and other provinces and regions are located in the Himalayan-Mediterranean Seismic Belt, and other provinces and regions are in related seismic zones. The distribution of China's seismic zones is an important basis for formulating China's key earthquake monitoring and defense zones.

Earthquake prevention knowledge

1. In the face of an earthquake, how to prepare for earthquakes and reduce disasters?

When an earthquake occurs, it is crucial to have a clear mind and a calm attitude.

If you are indoors during an earthquake, it is safer to temporarily hide under solid furniture or in a corner if you are far away from doors and windows. In addition, you can also move to a kitchen, bathroom, etc. with more load-bearing walls and smaller bays for temporary refuge. After escaping the main earthquake, you should quickly evacuate to a spacious outdoor area. Pay attention to protecting your head when evacuating. It is best to use pillows, quilts and other soft items to protect your head.

If you are outdoors in an open space when an earthquake occurs, this is the most fortunate thing. If you are in a densely built area, it is best to cover your head with your hands or a soft object such as a leather bag, and be prepared to defend yourself as much as possible. And quickly leave transformers, power poles and walls, narrow lanes, etc.

Earthquakes will cause endless secondary disasters. Everyone should assess the situation according to different situations and adopt flexible emergency countermeasures.

2. How to rescue when danger occurs?

Those who were buried under the rubble during the earthquake should cover their mouths and noses with handkerchiefs, clothes, etc. to avoid being suffocated by smoke and dust. They should also try their best to remove all kinds of objects that are pressed on their bodies. It is best to face the Move where there is light. When you are unable to escape, try to reduce the consumption of energy as much as possible. The longer you persist, the greater the possibility of rescue. In addition, it is not easy to hear people outside under the ruins, so wait until you hear someone outside before calling for help or knocking on the wall, etc.

When rescuing others, you should first determine the position of the injured person's head, expose the head first, quickly remove dust from the mouth and nose, and then expose the chest and abdomen. Do not pull or pull. If there is suffocation, artificial respiration should be given promptly.

How to protect yourself during an earthquake?

When you feel the ground or building shaking, remember that the biggest hazard is from falling debris. At this time, you need to dodge smartly.

1. If you are in a house, quickly go to a safe place, such as hiding under a desk, workbench, or bed. In the unit building, you can choose a bathroom with a small bay or a corner, and rely on the support of water pipes and gas pipes to reduce casualties. For employees who live in a bungalow with open spaces outdoors, they can escape outdoors with quilts, pillows or safety helmets on their heads during an earthquake. If it is too late, it is best to avoid the shock indoors. Pay attention to staying away from windows. When lying down, put your head against the wall and keep your eyes above your nose. Rest your arms in the hollow between your arms.

Close your eyes and mouth, and breathe through your nose. Generally speaking, do not run out of the building. It is best to find a safe place nearby to hide and wait until after the earthquake. , if evacuation is necessary, then leave calmly.

2. During an earthquake, the door frame will be deformed and cannot be opened, so it is best not to close the door during the earthquake prevention period. When an earthquake occurs at night, you must race against time to move to a safe place. Do not waste time searching for items or getting dressed. If possible, immediately cut off the power supply, turn off the gas, and extinguish open flames. It is best to use a flashlight for lighting, rather than matches, candles and other open flames.

3. During an earthquake, if you have been injured or buried under collapsed objects, you should first observe the surrounding environment, look for passages, and do everything possible to find a way out. If there is no passage, conserve your energy, don't shout, and listen quietly to what's going on outside. If you hear the sound of someone walking by, you can knock on an iron pipe or wall to make the sound spread out for rescue. At the same time, you have to find food to stay alive in a small space.