How to improve poor soil?

Different kinds of poor soil have different improvement methods.

(1) improvement of lean and heavy soil

This kind of soil is generally sticky, poor in permeability, strong in water and fertilizer conservation, easy to accumulate water, high in potential nutrients, slow in decomposition of organic matter, easy to accumulate, long in fertility, small in temperature difference between day and night, difficult to cultivate, short in suitable cultivation period, poor in cultivation quality and poor in soil structure.

Improvement methods: 1. Re-applying organic fertilizer. The applied organic fertilizer is easy to form humus, thus promoting the formation of aggregate structure and improving soil structure and plowability. Generally, applying organic fertilizer 15 ~ 20 tons per mu every year can produce good vegetable fields in 3 ~ 4 years. The second is to press sand to reduce viscosity. If conditions permit, clay can be improved by applying 20 ~ 30 tons of river sand and organic fertilizer per mu for two consecutive years.

(2) Improvement of low-lying saline-alkali land

Low-lying saline-alkali land is generally easy to accumulate water, with high salt content and pH above 8, which affects the normal growth of crops.

Improvement methods: First, increase the application of organic fertilizer to promote the increase of organic matter content. The most basic method to improve saline-alkali soil is to cut off the capillary connection between topsoil and subsoil. Humus transformed by organic fertilizer can promote the formation of grain structure of topsoil and inhibit salt. Therefore, deep ploughing combined with a large amount of organic fertilizer is an effective measure. The second is agricultural biological measures, including leveling the land, improving the soil, planting alkali-tolerant crops and green manure. The third is chemical improvement measures, mainly using soil improvers. The fourth is to wash salt with water to suppress alkali and dig out the alkali canal system. The fifth is to change rice into alkali and rotate rice between paddy and upland.

(3) improvement of sandy soil

Sandy soil is generally characterized by excessive looseness, water leakage and fertilizer leakage, lack of organic matter, large evaporation, low thermal insulation performance, short fertility and easy fertilization in the later stage.

Improvement methods: First, apply a lot of organic fertilizer. This is the most effective way to improve sandy soil, that is, when ploughing in spring or autumn, all kinds of manure and compost are turned into the soil. Due to the buffering effect of organic matter, more soluble fertilizers can be properly applied, especially ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer can be preserved in the soil without loss. Second, using a lot of river mud and pond mud is also a good way to improve sandy soil. For example, apply 4 ~ 10 tons of river mud per mu every year, and apply organic fertilizer in conjunction with farming to blend fertilizer and soil. For example, in the process of building a solar greenhouse, because most of the topsoil rich in organic matter is taken away, the primary problem in building a new greenhouse is to increase the organic matter content in the soil. Soil organic matter can provide nutrients needed by crops, improve the availability of nutrients, improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, and enhance the soil's fertility preservation and buffering performance. After a few years, soil fertility will be greatly improved, and the situation of excessive looseness and water leakage will be improved. Third, in the slack season between the two seasons, legume vegetables should be planted and intercropped and rotated to increase humus and nitrogen fertilizer in the soil. Fourthly, for the soil with thin sand layer, sand can be pressed in late autumn to mix the clay at the bottom with sand to reduce its sandy quality.