Education before and after liberation in Tongjiang, Sichuan

Introduction to the county

1. Tongjiang County.

is located in the northeast of Sichuan. It is located at the junction of Sichuan-Shaanxi and Chu-Shu. It is adjacent to Nanzheng, Xixiang and Zhenba counties in Shaanxi Province in the north, Wanyuan in the east, Pingchang in the south and Bazhong and Nanjiang counties in the west. The old ambitions of past dynasties all say, "According to the old city of Sanba, control the left corner of Sichuan", "After extending to Qinlong, you will find the scenery of Wu", "The rush of Baliang" in the north and "the throat of Shu and Chu" in the east. It has jurisdiction over 49 townships (towns), 524 villages, 3,332 villagers' groups and 31 neighborhood committees, with a total population of 73,, including 63, rural residents. The county covers an area of 4,116.58 square kilometers with a forest coverage rate of 57.6%. With a pleasant climate and beautiful scenery, it has the reputation of "one government and three townships" (the capital of Sichuan-Shaanxi Soviet Area, the hometown of Chinese Red Army, the hometown of tremella in China and the hometown of China Cave).

Tongjiang has a long history, and the county has a long history. The cultural relics unearthed in Nanleiguzhai County prove that as early as the Neolithic Age, ancestors had lived in this land. In the fourth year of Liang Tianjian in the Southern Dynasty (55), he entered the Northern Wei Dynasty, and was first established in Fuyang County. Nuoshui County was located in the Western Wei Dynasty (535-551). Tang Wude set up a wall state in the eighth year. In the first year of Tianbao (742), Gengnuoshui County was Tongjiang County, which has lasted for more than 12 years.

Tongjiang terrain is "a series of mountains around, and it goes back to Nuodang". Promise water, plunge water, one west and one east crisscross the county from north to south, cutting the mountains into three columns: east, middle and west, forming a trend of three mountains and two valleys. The rainfall, light and temperature in the county are suitable for many kinds of animals and plants to live and reproduce. Therefore, the resources are very rich. There are 875,6 mu of agricultural land, 3.311 million mu of forestry land, 3,94,6 mu of grass hills and slopes, and 6,169 water conservancy projects, and the exploitable amount of water conservancy resources is 22,2 kilowatts. (Fujian Yili Energy Investment and Development Company signed an agreement with Tongjiang County People's Government to develop Tongjiang hydropower resources as a whole, and the company plans to invest 1.15 billion yuan in six years to cascade hydropower resources in Tongjiang River Basin. Construction of Gaokeng Power Station with an installed capacity of 15, kilowatts has officially started, and construction of Hongkou Power Station and Guangna Power Station will be started in the near future. There are 173 varieties of crops, including 38 species of trees and shrubs, 1,386 species of medicinal plants, 384 species of forage grass, 67 species of wild fur, feathered animals and 47 species of fish. There are abundant underground mineral resources, such as coal mine, iron mine, limestone mine, dolomite ore, bauxite mine, Shi Ying mine, potash mine, gypsum mine, marble and natural gas, among which the commercial reserves of natural gas reach 24 billion cubic meters. At present, Southwest Petroleum Bureau is carrying out risk drilling in Chenhe Township and Shaping Township. Well Heba 1# has been successfully drilled, and a large amount of high-quality natural gas has been discovered.

Tongjiang's economy is based on agriculture. The agricultural economy of the county is dominated by planting, followed by animal husbandry, followed by forestry, sideline and fishery. Since the reform and opening up, Tongjiang's agriculture has split in the ups and downs, the self-sufficient natural economy has begun to transform into a commodity economy, the traditional agriculture has begun to transform into a modern agriculture, and science and technology have put vitality and vitality into agriculture. The black land used throughout the ages and the old consciousness inherent in farmers have undergone profound changes. Complete sets of new agricultural technologies, such as "hybrid", "warming seedling", "plastic film cultivation", "dry land reform", "soil-gathering ridge cultivation" and scientific pest control, have been popularized. Especially since the establishment of Bazhong District, the county party committee and the government have formulated the rural economic work idea of "enriching the people by relying on mountains, developing and prospering special features" and "building a county economic framework with non-public ownership economy as the main body" in accordance with the general requirements of "stabilizing grain and increasing income and running towards a well-off society", which has promoted the great development of rural economy one after another. Tongjiang is a star-studded scenic spot with beautiful scenery. Neolithic site of Leiguzhai in the south of the county, Han Dynasty site of Zhangjiahe in the northeast of the county, Thousand Buddha Cliffs in the western suburb of the county, Cliff statues of Tang Dynasty in Guangna Bairuxi, Foer Cliff in Fuyang, Foye Cliff, Wensheng Foye Cavern, Xibantan and Zitong Buddha Cave are lifelike in form and unique in charm. The seven-story relief pagoda on Ganfo Cliff is extremely exquisite and unique to the whole country. Revolutionary sites and stone slogans during the Soviet government in Sichuan and Shaanxi provinces spread all over urban and rural areas, with more than 5 major revolutionary sites. There are many caves in Tongjiang Pass, which is an important place for stationing troops. In the old days, there were "nine passes and eighteen passes", and there was also the saying of "ten cities, hundreds of villages and thousands of caves", which has always been a battleground for military strategists. The ancient buildings in the Ming and Qing Dynasties in the county, the Confucian Temple in the county, the memorial altar for filial piety, the memorial archway in Jinjiaba, the Baishi Temple in Wensheng, the Luban Temple in Louzi Township, the Erlang Temple in Banzikou Township, the former residence of "Sanli in Tongjiang" in Xinglong, and the Jinshi of Li Qigang, all retain their original architectural features. The Nuoshui River Scenic Area is 35 kilometers long from east to west and 18 kilometers wide from north to south, covering an area of 457 square kilometers. There are beautiful rivers in the territory, strange springs everywhere, dangerous peaks standing upright, strange rocks everywhere, passes, canyons, waterfalls and underground rivers everywhere. The scenic spots are divided into four parts: Nuoshui Cave, Linjiang Gorge, Empty Mountain Tianpen and Maba Stone Forest. It can be called the first resort in Qinba District.

Tongjiang is well-developed in culture and education, with celebrities. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, county academies, voluntary schools and private schools competed with each other, and the wind of running schools was very strong. In the sixth year of Qing Daoguang (1826), the county raised money to set up 15 voluntary schools and 3 private voluntary schools. At the end of Guangxu, there were 256 private schools in the county. In the 28th year of Guangxu (192), a new school was established, and the Tanhe Primary School Hall and the first higher primary school hall in the county were established. In the 9th year of the country (192), the county senior girls' school was established, and in the 16th year, the county junior high school was established. During the period of Sichuan-Shaanxi Soviet government, Pengyang Military School, Youth League School, Provincial Soviet School, Provincial Nursing School and Provincial Women's School were established. In 34 years, the county established a simple normal school. In 1956, tongjiang middle school enrolled senior high school students. Tongjiang Normal School was established in 1959. In 1976, the * * * Productive Labor University was piloted, and in 1982, it was renamed as the County Farmers' Technical School (note: in 23, the Agricultural School was merged into the experimental middle school site, and the third middle school in Tongjiang County was established). At present, there are 532 primary schools, 19 junior high schools and 5 senior high schools in the county, among which tongjiang middle school is a provincial key middle school, including vocational education center, experimental middle schools, teachers' training schools and re-education bases for migrant workers. The total number of students in school is l3432. In recent seven years, tongjiang middle school alone has sent more than 3, qualified freshmen to undergraduate colleges and universities.

as early as the tianbao period of the Tang dynasty, Zhu Qingyu, a native of the city, was a scholar and served as the secretariat of Bizhou. In the 7th year of Jiading in the Southern Song Dynasty (1214), He Yanyin was a scholar, and his works were sometimes well-known. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were 1 Jinshi and 56 people were recruited. Tongjiang literati are quite famous throughout the country. Li Zhonge, a Jinshi, worked in the Imperial Academy for 22 years, and successively studied politics in Fujian and Guangxi. He has been the editor of Records of the Three Dynasties, Journey to the Square, National History, Poems of Tang Dynasty in Rural Rhyme and Records of Unification. In the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, Deng Tianbi studied in Japan and was one of the founders of Tongjiang's new school. Provincial Senator Zhou Bingwen wrote more than 5 poems entitled "Drunken Scholars Poet Grass"; Li Fangpu is good at painting crabs and is known as "Li Crab", which is unique in Sichuan noodle altar; Duan Yanping is good at painting landscape figures and is a member of Southwest Art Association. In the 5 years after the founding of the People's Republic of China, it was even more "counting romantic figures. Look at the present". The essays, poems and novels of Guo Tingyao, Xi Shuke, Li Huaigui, Xiang Yunhua, Wang Zhengle's oil paintings, Xiang Silou's board paintings, Binglin Li's photography, Han Dingjie's and Wang Liankun's paper-cutting were published in newspapers and periodicals above the provincial level.

Tongjiang is the hometown of the Red Army, and its spirit lives on forever. According to statistics, from 1932 to 1935 after the Red Army entered Sichuan, the total population of Tongjiang County was only 3,, while more than 45, people participated in the Red Army. He Zhengwen, Fu Chongbi, Bin Chen, Zhu Shihuan, Zhang Xianyang, Chen Fuzhang, Wu Shihong, Wu Rongzheng, Deng Shijun and Zhang Rongsen, who joined the army during the Soviet government in Sichuan and Shaanxi Province, have experienced many battles and grown into major-general officers of the China People's Liberation Army. In War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the War of Liberation, the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea, and on the political and legal front after the founding of the People's Republic of China, 57 people won the first class merit. During the socialist revolution and construction period, 156 model workers above the provincial level and 29 national model workers emerged.

Tongjiang enjoys convenient land and water transportation and prosperous trade. In the Tang Dynasty, Yangbi Road (Yangzhou-Bizhou) and Hanbi Road (Hanzhong-Bizhou) were the "important pass between Sichuan and Shaanxi", also known as "the road to whistle" and "the main road to tea". Datong River, Xiaotongjiang River, Tongjiang River, Xishahe River and Changtan River are all navigable, and ships with 6-15 tons can also fly directly to Jiangkou Town, Pingchang.

with the convenience of transportation, goods flow smoothly. As early as the early Ming Dynasty, the county set up a tea barn to attract merchants and horses with tea. In the Song Dynasty, Luocun tea in the north of the county was among the eight famous teas in Sichuan. In the Qing Dynasty, the Hanlin in Li Zhonge's hometown became a tribute to the palace. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, tremella became a major commodity, which was exported to Chongqing, Shanghai and other places. Tea, raw materials, Chinese herbal medicines, fungus, ash, tung oil, cotton, pig iron and other products are sold well in neighboring counties and large and medium-sized cities such as Chengdu, Chongqing and Hanzhong. In 15 years of the Republic of China, there were more than 1 shops in the county. Not only businessmen from Shanghai and Chongqing gathered in Tongjiang, but also British businessmen operated "kerosene" in the county.

general situation of tourism resources in Tongjiang county

Tongjiang has beautiful natural scenery, rich cultural landscape and splendid Red Army culture. There are national key scenic spots such as Nuoshui River, Kongshan National Forest Park, memorial hall of the former site of the Red Fourth Front Army General Command, Nuoshui River Scenic Area, Red Army Martyrs Cemetery in Sichuan-Shaanxi Revolutionary Base, Red Army stone inscriptions and other national key red tourist attractions, which are a bright pearl on the northeast Sichuan tourism ring road.

1. red army culture: from December 1932 to March 1935, the fourth army of the Chinese red army of workers and peasants established the Sichuan-Shaanxi revolutionary base with Tongjiang as its capital and core area. Li Xiannian, Xu Xiangqian, Chen Changhao, Wang Shusheng and 446 generals fought hard here for three years, established a complete regime system, left a large number of historical, artistic and scientific relics and old (legacy) sites, the largest revolutionary martyrs cemetery in China, a large-scale stone slogan of the Red Army, a large number of revolutionary cultural relics, and even more, "wisdom and courage are firm, innovation is difficult to overcome, unity and struggle are invincible." At the end of 24, "Sichuan-Shaanxi Soviet Area" was listed as one of the 12 key red tourist areas in the Outline of the National Red Tourism Development Plan for 24-21. In 25, it was listed as one of the 3 boutique routes, and the memorial hall of the former site of the Red Fourth Army General Command, the Red Army Martyrs Cemetery and the Red Army stone slogan were listed among the 123 classic red tourist attractions in China.

2. Natural scenery: Tongjiang has excellent natural ecological environment and rich resources, with a forest coverage rate of 57.6%, among which the national key scenic spots-Nuoshuihe Scenic Area and National Forest Park-Kongshan Forest Park are bred. Nuoshui Cave, Linjiang Lixia, Kongshan Tianpen and Maba Stone Forest form a scenic loop around Tongjiang County. The grotesque caves in the Nuoshui River Scenic Area, the beautiful waters of Nuoshui and Lixia on the Linjiang River, the beautiful scenery of the Golden Boy Mountain and the traditional Chinese painting barrier, the dangerous roads of the Micang ancient plank road, the deep water and sky, the deep valley on the Linjiang River, the stone forest with a myriad of postures, and the mysterious and highly exploitable hot springs contained in 18 packages of Chenhe Jiuwan, etc., make tourists linger.

Third, historical sites: Tongjiang belonged to Ba State in ancient times, Qinliba County, County in the Western Wei Dynasty, and Gaibi State in the Tang Dynasty. Tongjiang was named in the early days of Tianbao. It has a long history and places of interest are all over the city and countryside. There are more than 2 rare cultural relics on the ground and underground in the territory, and there are more than 7, cultural relics in the collection. The Neolithic cultural site of Leiguzhai in Chunzai Township fills the blank of the general system and types of Longshan culture in Sichuan. Tongjiang Moyan statues are "many fine works in the Tang Dynasty, which can be called artistic treasures". The "Seven Pagodas" and the "Pure Land Change" niche dragon in Baifuxi, Guangna are fine works, as well as Ba cultural sites, Three Kingdoms culture, Buddhist culture, the former base camp of Bailian Lanhao Rebel, etc., which are of great tourism scientific research value.

scenery of residential buildings in northern Sichuan: the Nuoshui River runs through the north of the county seat from north to south, with towering peaks and ravines on both sides of the mountain area, lush vegetation, terraced fields lying quietly between mountains and rivers, and unique blue tiles and white walls dotted with green mountains and waters, showing a quiet ecological pastoral scenery. Tongjiang Tremella Museum and Bashan Folk Culture Exhibition Hall have the characteristics of folk houses in northern Sichuan, displaying rich folk culture in northern Sichuan.