What is the classification of garbage?

Garbage classification is a reform of traditional garbage collection and disposal methods and a scientific management method for effective garbage disposal. 2065438+July, 2009 1 day, the Regulations on the Management of Domestic Waste in Shanghai was officially implemented, and compulsory garbage classification began to be widely implemented in Shanghai. The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development announced that it will implement waste sorting in 46 key cities across the country, and clearly put waste sorting into the framework of the rule of law.

With the rapid development of cities, the improvement of living standards and consumption levels, and the rapid development of catering industry, the output of municipal solid waste is increasing, and the composition of garbage is becoming more and more complicated. The pollution caused by garbage is becoming more and more serious, and the treatment of garbage has become a serious problem facing people. According to statistics, China produces nearly 654.38 billion tons of garbage every year, including about 400 million tons of domestic garbage, which is still increasing at a rate of about 5%-8% every year. More than 600 large and medium-sized cities in China, 70% are surrounded by garbage. Take Hangzhou as an example. The garbage generated in Hangzhou in three years can fill the whole West Lake.

Garbage piling and landfill not only occupy cultivated land, but also pollute soil and crops. White pollution such as plastic bags, plastic cups and foamed plastic products will not degrade after being buried for decades or even hundreds of years. In addition, toxic components and heavy metals are included, and these cultivated land will lose its use value. It leads to the deterioration of soil quality, inhibits crop growth and reduces plant yield by 30%.

Garbage pollutes groundwater or enters surface water through rainwater infiltration, resulting in water pollution.

Harmful gases such as ammonia, methane and hydrogen sulfide will be produced in the process of garbage decay, which will form a stench and seriously pollute the atmosphere.

The garbage dump is a hotbed of almost all microorganisms. Including viruses, bacteria, mycoplasma, mosquitoes, flies, cockroaches and other disease vectors. Harm people's health and prevent diseases.

Hazardous wastes directly or indirectly endanger human health. Such as waste lamp tubes, waste paint and especially waste batteries. Because the battery contains heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium and lead. Mercury is highly toxic, and lead can cause nervous disorder and nephritis. Cadmium mainly causes kidney and liver damage, bone diseases, osteoporosis, chondrosis and fractures, and radioactivity can cause cancer.

So what are the benefits of garbage sorting?

Sanitary landfill, high-temperature composting and incineration are the main treatment methods of municipal solid waste at home and abroad.

Incineration is a widely used municipal waste treatment technology in the world. Incineration process can also recover heat energy for power generation, heating and so on, which has become the mainstream method of garbage disposal.

refuse burning

However, dioxin pollutants produced by garbage incineration are one of the most deadly toxic substances on earth. Dioxins can spread over a long distance after being released. Once it enters the human body, it will stay for a long time, destroying the human immune system, changing thyroid hormone, steroid hormone and reproductive function, and the most sensitive thing is to affect human development and lead to fetal malformation.

According to foreign scientific experiments, the conditions for producing dioxins by garbage incineration are: the combustion temperature is below 800℃, the combustion temperature in the furnace is uneven, and the incomplete combustion of garbage leads to the production of dioxins. If a large amount of wet garbage is mixed into the incineration garbage, the combustion temperature will be reduced. In the mechanism of dioxin production, there is also an essential element-chlorine, which is mainly not from salt in kitchen waste and PVC in plastic waste. If the garbage can be properly classified, the harmful substances produced by garbage incineration will be greatly reduced.

We can see that Shanghai's garbage can be divided into recyclables, harmful waste, wet garbage and dry garbage. Sorting garbage is easier to handle.

First, the main force of recycling waste products.

It mainly includes paper, metal, plastic products, textiles, waste electrical appliances, etc. These can be handled through the recycling network of renewable resources. For example, waste plastics and rubber can be plasticized by pretreatment to make recycled plastic products. Waste paper can be used to produce recycled paper products.

Second, special treatment of hazardous waste.

It mainly includes waste batteries, waste lamps, expired drugs and pesticide containers.

These wastes will seriously pollute soil, air and water quality, and then affect human health. Harmful waste can be treated harmlessly by professional companies.

Third, wet garbage composting, power generation.

Including leftovers, vegetable stems and leaves, animal internal organs, fruit shells, melon skins, residual limbs and fallen leaves. , mainly used for composting and power generation.

The kitchen waste is used for biogas power generation after in-situ resource treatment, or for sanitary landfill after biochemical treatment.

Fourth, dry garbage incineration to generate electricity.

Dry garbage is mainly garbage with no recycling value and low water content. This kind of garbage can be burned to provide power generation, heat supply and then buried, which can greatly reduce the space occupied by landfill.

Therefore, good garbage sorting can not only save resources, reduce environmental pollution and land occupation, but also be necessary for human health and sustainable social development.

Garbage classification in 46 key cities

Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Chongqing, Guangzhou, Handan and Taiyuan

Dalian, Changchun, Nanjing, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Ningbo, Hefei

Tongling, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Nanchang, Yichun, Zhengzhou and Jinan

Taian, Qingdao, Wuhan, Yichang, Changsha, Shenzhen, Nanning

Haikou, Chengdu, Guangyuan, Deyang, Guiyang, Kunming, Lhasa

Xi, Xianyang, Lanzhou, Xining, Shijiazhuang, Urumqi

Shenyang, Yinchuan, Harbin, Xigaze, Hohhot