What skills do you need to drive a forklift? Can you give me some advice?

Pay attention to a lot of special equipment. What is the "five forks" of forklift drivers?

Answer: (1) If the center of gravity of the goods exceeds the load center of the fork, the fork will not be forked when the longitudinal stability decreases.

(2) A single fork does not bifurcate under unbalanced load.

(3) The goods are stacked unsteadily and not forked.

(4) Don't fork when the fork tip may damage the goods.

⑤ Overweight or unknown weight.

2. What are the rules for forklift truck operation?

Answer: It is forbidden to lift and pull goods when the forklift is working, and it is forbidden to overload the forklift. Forklift is forbidden to carry people, and electric forklift is forbidden to connect two action circuits at the same time. The stacking height of each pile in the warehouse and car shall not exceed four boards. Forklift trucks should be reinforced with safety ropes when forking fragile, valuable or unstable goods, and can only be driven when necessary.

3. Under what circumstances should the forklift slow down?

Answer: Turn, retreat, narrow passages, uneven roads, traffic intersections and slow down when approaching goods.

4. What are the requirements for forklift trucks?

Answer: When the forklift is driving to the right, the fork should be 200 ~ 300mm above the ground. When forklift trucks want to avoid, they should avoid empty trucks, downhill cars avoid uphill cars, branch lines avoid trunk lines, and make big turns to avoid small turns. When entering and leaving the car door and garage door, let the car leaving the garage door go first.

5. What items should be checked when the diesel forklift shifts?

Answer: Check whether the fuel, engine oil and cooling water are sufficient, whether the fan belt is tight, whether the wind window is unobstructed or cold-proof in winter, and whether the tires are inflated and firm. Start trial operation and check the operation of steering and braking (including hand braking) working mechanism.

6. What is the content of forklift daily maintenance?

Answer: (1) Wipe the dust from all parts of the machine. (2) Check the engine oil quantity (internal combustion forklift). ③ Check the specific gravity and height of battery electrolyte. The height of electrolyte should be higher than that of separator10 ~15 mm. Tighten the plug and check whether the electrode and wire connector are fastened. (4) The free travel reliability of the clutch and brake pedal, and check whether there is oil leakage in the oil circuit. (5) Whether all kinds of electrical circuit connectors are firm and whether all kinds of instruments are sensitive and effective.

7. What is the content of the labor safety code that all employees abide by?

Answer: 1. Four qualities: have a full rest before work, concentrate on work, use protective equipment correctly, and cross the line, one stop, two looks and three passes.

2. Article 7: Do not leave your post without permission, take a plane, take a bus, drill over a vehicle, cross the line, or take a sleeper or the center of the line.

8. What are the safety requirements for forklifts working in boxcars?

Answer: When there is no platform outside the boxcar, the doorway should not exceed the width of the forklift, otherwise it should be protected. A ferry board should be set at the joint between the platform and the car. Its slope shall not be greater than 20%. When the floor in the car is rotten and broken, it is necessary to pave the way for steel plate operation.

9. What safety regulations should the forklift abide by when carrying out dangerous goods operations?

Answer: Ordinary forklifts are not allowed to operate inflammable and explosive articles in dangerous goods; The loading and unloading machinery for toxic and radioactive substances in dangerous goods should be used at a reduced load of 25%, and should be handled with care, and violent vibration such as collision, impact and dragging is prohibited.

10. What should the driver pay attention to when replacing the battery?

Answer: (1) Pay attention to the polarity of terminals and poles when wiring;

(2) when wiring, pay attention to the wrench not to touch the car body;

(3) The terminal should be clean and the joint should be fastened.

1 1. What are the technical requirements for "lifting" in forklift operation standards?

Answer: The following technical requirements should be met when starting the car: (1) The gantry leans backward. (2) Lift the fork 0.2 ~ 0.3m above the ground. (3) Look out and whistle. (4) Starting from the first gear, shift gears one by one. ⑤ Steady acceleration.

12. What are the safety technical requirements for forklift parking?

A: It is forbidden to park on the ramp or on the side of the platform perpendicular to the line. When you can't walk in case of failure, you should tighten the handbrake and cover the wheels with triangular wood before troubleshooting.

13. What should I pay attention to when parking the forklift after operation?

Answer: After the operation is completed, the forklift should be parked in a place that may hinder traffic, and try to avoid parking in the open air. When the driver leaves the forklift, he should remove the key on the electric lock, cut off the power supply and reset all the control handles to zero. When the fork reaches the lowest point, the gantry leans forward. When it is necessary to stop on the ramp, the forklift must be braked by the hand brake mechanism, and a stop wheel must be added to prevent it from slipping.

14. What are the stacking requirements for vehicle goods and LTL goods?

Answer: The stacking of vehicle goods and LTL goods should be smooth and tidy. The whole vehicle cargo should be kept at a certain height, and the LTL cargo should be stacked in batches, with the labels facing outward, and the weight should not be small, but it should not be light, leaving a passage for easy counting.

15. What is the stacking distance requirement of the goods?

Answer: The distance between the loading stack and the rail head should be more than 2m, the distance between the unloading cargo and the rail head should be more than 1.5m, and the stack and the platform edge should be no less than1m. There should be mechanical and pedestrian passages between the stacks, and the distance between the stacks and power switches, fire hydrants and other equipment should be no less than 2m.

16. What is the reason for heavy steering or jamming?

Answer: (1) The pin of the steering gear is bent, so it is difficult for the worm to mesh with the roller.

(2) The knuckle pin bearing is short of oil.

(3) The worm bearing of steering gear is short of oil.

(4) The joint pin bearing is damaged.

⑤ Bending of vertical and horizontal tie rods.

17. What should forklift drivers do when they get off?

Answer: When the driver gets off the bus, he should remove the electric lock key, cut off the power supply, set all operating handles to zero, lower the fork to the lowest point, and tilt the gantry forward; Forklift trucks must be braked by hand brake.

18. What is the method of installing the protection signal?

Answer: Before loading and unloading operations, the protection signal with derailer must be installed, and the operation team should carry out protection according to the following provisions:

(1) Set a protective signal on the left track in the direction of incoming vehicles with a distance of 20m from both ends of the work vehicle. For example, when disassembling vehicles on the same production line, they should be protected at the front end of the production line and at the last vehicle.

(2) When the stop position of the working vehicle is less than 20m away from the warning sign, the protection signal should be located at the same position as the warning sign.

19. What are the requirements for forklift electrical equipment?

Answer: (1) Establish a regular maintenance system to ensure good insulation and prohibit the use of electricity that does not meet safety regulations.

(2) The wire connector shall not be loose and exposed, and the screwed thread shall not be used to replace the bolt.

(3) Switches and wires of electrical equipment shall be installed in accordance with regulations, and small ones shall not be used to replace large ones. Fuses of various electrical equipment are forbidden to be thickened or replaced by other wires.

20. What are the rules for forklift to load and unload containers?

Answer: When forklift trucks load and unload containers, they should lift them steadily and put them gently. During forklift operation, it is forbidden to pile up two boxes for handling, wipe the floor and push and pull.

2 1. What are the requirements for container stacking?

Answer; When stacking containers, it is forbidden to put them horizontally and upside down, and it is forbidden to collide with containers with forklifts. When stacking containers, the container spacing should be placed according to the marked position on the ground, and friction and collision are prohibited. The four corners of the upper and lower containers of multilayer stacked containers should be aligned to prevent collapse.

22. What is the reason for the high oil pressure of internal combustion engine?

Answer: The reasons for high oil pressure are (1) high oil viscosity; (2) Low engine temperature; (3) The main oil circuit of engine oil is blocked. In the above three cases, it is difficult for engine oil to lubricate the surface of parts and aggravate the wear of parts. (4) The spring pressure of the pressure reducing valve is adjusted too much.

23. What are the methods to adjust the idle speed?

Answer: (1) Start the engine to reach the normal working temperature;

(2) Check whether the ignition system and valve mechanism work normally;

③ Open the choke valve;

(4) Screw out the adjusting screw with a screwdriver to make the engine reach the lowest speed so as to avoid flameout;

(5) Turn the idle adjusting screw with a screwdriver to make the engine run at the highest speed under the throttle opening;

(6) Slowly unscrew the throttle adjusting screw to make the engine reach the lowest speed to avoid flameout;

(7) The two adjusting screws are matched with each other and adjusted repeatedly to make the throttle opening minimum and the engine run at the lowest stable speed.

After adjustment, increase the engine speed appropriately and suddenly close the throttle, so that the engine can run stably without stalling.

24. How to deal with sudden flameout or power failure of various machines?

Answer: In case of sudden flameout or power failure of various machines, immediately restore the controller to the "0" position and turn off the main switch.

25. What are the precautions for the safe operation of internal combustion engines?

Answer: 1. Before starting, put all joysticks in neutral. After starting, check whether all instruments work normally and monitor whether the engine sound is abnormal. The first working time and restart interval of starting motor shall not exceed relevant regulations, and continuous starting shall not exceed three times. 2. Before operation, the engine should be idling for 10 minute, and should be preheated and started when the outdoor temperature is lower than 0℃. Only when the water temperature reaches the specified temperature can it run at no load, and it is forbidden to preheat it with open flame when starting. 3. When stopping the operation, the machine should be parked in the designated position and arranged neatly, put into low gear, tighten the handbrake, unplug the key and close the doors and windows. Outdoor parking should be drained in winter (except for freezing liquid and freezing area in winter). 4. Turn off the engine when refueling. When working, the spark plug and high-voltage line of gasoline engine shall not be "suspended".

26. What is the speed regulation of forklift?

Answer: The running speed of machinery in the freight yard should be limited according to the site and mechanical performance. Generally, it should not exceed15km/h in the freight yard and10km/h in the platform. Do not turn when driving on slopes above 10%. When loading, drive uphill forward and downhill backward. When turning on a flat road, the speed shall not exceed 5km/h, and stacking operation shall not be carried out on slopes above 5%. All kinds of machinery passing through railway crossings should be guarded by special personnel, slow down and pass while watching.

27. What is the cylinder working volume? Total cylinder volume, cylinder compression ratio?

Answer: The volume between top dead center and bottom dead center is called cylinder working volume. The sum of the combustion chamber volume and the cylinder working volume is the total cylinder volume. The ratio of total cylinder volume to combustion chamber volume is called cylinder compression ratio.

28. What is the stroke cycle of internal combustion engine? Briefly describe the process of power stroke?

Answer; (1) intake stroke (2) compression stroke (3) power stroke (4) exhaust stroke. When the piston moves to the end of the top dead center of the compression stroke, the intake valve and the exhaust valve are closed, and the combustible mixture in the cylinder is ignited by the spark plug. The burning gas expands violently, generating huge pressure, forcing the piston to move from the top dead center to the bottom dead center, and driving the crankshaft to rotate through the connecting rod, converting the thermal energy of the gas into mechanical energy to do work externally, so the working stroke is also called expansion stroke.

29. What is the function of the gearbox?

Answer: Change the torque and speed of the engine, so that the forklift can get the required traction and speed to meet the requirements of starting, climbing and speeding up under various road conditions.

30. What are the main factors that affect the service life of universal joints?

Answer: The damage of universal joint is marked by the wear of cross journal and needle bearing. Lubrication and sealing directly affect the service life of the universal joint, and sometimes may cause the failure of other parts of the transmission device. Therefore, it is very important to maintain and fill the grease according to the specified time to ensure its good lubrication and clean grease.

3 1. When is the handbrake mechanism used?

Answer: (1) When the operation is finished and the forklift is parked; (2) When the foot brake fails; (3) When the braking force of the forklift downhill foot is insufficient; (4) The forklift is being transported.

32. How often does the first-level maintenance take place? What are the maintenance contents and technical requirements of gantry?

Answer: The first-level maintenance is conducted once a month: Maintenance content: (1) Check and adjust the lifting chain. (2) Check the fork, clamp iron and fork frame. (3) Check the internal and external gantry and the main side roller.

Technical requirements: (1) There is no crack, corrosion or damage in the chain, and the lengths of the two chains should be locked evenly, completely and firmly. (2) Forks, fixtures and forks shall be free from deformation, cracks and welding, and the fork folding angle shall not be greater than 90o, and the two forks shall be on the same horizontal plane. (3) The gantry can rise and fall freely, the roller can rotate flexibly, and there is no jam or looseness.

33. The basic structure of internal combustion engine, what are the main components of four-stroke gasoline engine?

Answer: (1) The basic structure of an internal combustion engine is: cylinder head, intake valve, spark plug, exhaust valve, piston, oil pan, cylinder block, connecting rod, crankshaft and flywheel.

(2) The four-stroke gasoline engine is mainly composed of crank-connecting rod mechanism, valve train, oil supply system, ignition system, lubrication system and cooling system.

34. What are the technical requirements for standardized operation before forklift debugging and inspection?

Answer: (1) Power train test. (2) The steering and braking operating mechanism is sensitive and reliable. (3) The hydraulic mechanism is normal. (4) There is no abnormal sound or oil leakage in each part.

(5) The lighting and speakers are complete and effective.

35. What are the types of forklift mechanical failures?

Answer: (1) The common phenomena of mechanical failure are: loose connection, falling off, deformation of parts, poor wear, corrosion, fracture, heating, noise and obvious degradation of performance.

(2) The main types are damage to shell and structural parts, damage to transmission parts and damage to connecting parts.

36. What is the function of the crankshaft?

Answer: The function of the crankshaft is to (1) convert the thrust from the connecting rod into a rotating force (torque) and transmit it to the transmission device through the crankshaft and flywheel. (2) Drive the camshaft, fan and cooling water pump. Hydraulic oil pump and other devices work. Composition of crankshaft, taking 475C gasoline engine as an example. Front-end shaft, timing gear, main journal, connecting rod journal, crank arm, balance iron and flywheel connecting plate.

37. What is the working principle of internal combustion forklift differential?

Answer: (1) When the forklift truck runs in a straight line, the force transmitted by the left and right wheels to each side gear is equal. (2) The star guide gear cannot rotate around its own axis. It is inserted into two half-shaft gears like a straight rod, so that the two half-shaft gears rotate at the same speed driven by the differential housing of the cross shaft.

38. What is the function of the flywheel?

Answer: (1) When the clutch is engaged with the flywheel, the power of the engine can be transmitted to the transmission device, and the gearbox receives the power first.

(2) The rotational inertia force of the flywheel is used to provide the force required by the piston for three non-power strokes, so as to ensure the smooth rotation of the crankshaft and store energy during the operation of the gasoline engine.

(3) The gear ring is installed around the flywheel to drive the starting motor.

39. What are the specific aspects of "stability" in forklift operation?

A: (1) Start from the first gear and gradually accelerate. (2) Slow down and slide first, and then brake and stop. (3) Don't bend when walking. (4) Do not drive the car in the opposite direction before stopping. ⑤ Slow down before turning. (6) Slow down when crossing the road or the road is uneven.

40. What are the "three inspections" before and after loading and unloading operations?

Answer: "Three checks" before operation: (1) Whether the door, shackle, sheave, window and floor are in good condition, whether the interior of the car is clean, and whether there is any peculiar smell or abnormality. (2) the state of the goods. (3) Install machines, protective equipment and protective signals.

"Three inspections" after operation: (1) vehicle cleaning, door and window closing and roadside cleaning. (2) Goods stacking, loading reinforcement and bitter cover. (3) The protection signal is released, the loading and unloading machines are completed, and the shutdown and power-off stop conditions are observed.

4 1. What are the technical requirements for forklift forks to pick up and put goods?

Answer: (1) Lift the pin tightly, tilt the gantry backward, and lift the fork to the required height. (2) When forking goods with high yards, the pallet should whistle back at a distance of 0. 1m from the goods on the lower plate, and the fork should fall smoothly without touching other goods. (3) Easily collapsed goods and dangerous goods should be bound or supported by safety ropes.

42. What are the contents and technical requirements for forklift forks to pick up and carry goods and put them into forks?

Answer: (1) counterpoint: slow down. For the goods to be forked, the gantry leans forward and falls off the fork. (2) Fork feeding: Fork is fed horizontally and smoothly, and the fork frame is close to the goods, so it is not allowed to collide or scrape other goods. When picking up goods with a fork, you should be "five forks".

43. What are the contents and technical requirements for forklift unloading?

Answer: (1) Alignment and fork dropping: Stop and fork dropping after reaching the designated cargo hold. When the pallet slightly touches the ground, the gantry tilts forward, and when the pallet is horizontal, the fork descends. When the pallet (piece) is high, it should rise to a distance of 0. 1m from the goods below, and it should enter the carriage smoothly and descend directly. (2) Pull out the fork: look at the watch, whistle and return the car. The fork is pulled out horizontally without touching the goods and the pallet.

44. What are the technical requirements for the first-level maintenance of the working hydraulic system of the internal combustion forklift?

Answer: (1) Drain the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic oil tank, clean the filter, replace the damaged filter screen, clean the magnetic plug, and add the filtered hydraulic oil again. (2) Adjust the V-shaped sealing rings of the tilting cylinder, the lifting cylinder and the lateral displacement cylinder, and press the nuts to eliminate the oil leakage of the lifting cylinder, the tilting cylinder and the lateral displacement cylinder. (3) Replace the leaking (oil seal) seal and damaged joint on the pipeline.

45. Technical requirements for performance grade maintenance of hand brake, foot brake and test brake selector valve of internal combustion engine forklift braking system?

Answer: (1) Hand brake: lubricate the pins of the hand brake lever. Check and adjust to make the gap between the brake shoe and the brake drum reach 0.4-0.6 mm, and the contact surface reach more than 85%.

(2) Foot braking: lubricate each pin shaft and adjust the free stroke of the pedal to10-15 mm.

(3) Test the performance of the brake selector valve: put the brake selector valve in the position where the power supply is not cut off on the up and down ramps, and its function should be good and the effect is obvious.

46. How is the engine lubricated?

Answer: Because the required lubrication intensity of engine parts is related to their working conditions, the lubrication requirements of different parts are different under different working conditions, so the lubrication methods of different engines should be different.

Lubrication of engine parts can be divided into excitation lubrication and splash lubrication according to oil supply methods. Forklift engine generally adopts comprehensive lubrication mode with pressure as the main factor and splash as the auxiliary factor.

47. Why don't you use the non-working gear for a long time after the forklift starts?

Answer: Because there is a speed regulating resistor in series in the working circuit of non-working gear (first gear and second gear). The speed regulating resistor will consume some electric energy to achieve the purpose of slowing down. However, this speed regulation method has two major disadvantages: first, it consumes electricity and is uneconomical. Second, long-term use of resistance heating may cause fire. Therefore, it is not advisable to use the non-working gear for a long time after the forklift is started.

48. What measures should be taken immediately to rescue an accident?

A: Once an accident happens, measures should be taken to rescue it immediately to prevent the loss from expanding. Collect the accident situation quickly, keep the scene of the accident, and do not expand the loss. And should be reported to the higher authorities on the same day, major accidents should be reported to the Ministry of Railways, and relevant leaders should immediately go to the scene of the accident to organize rescue and analysis.

49. What is the reason for the mixing of engine oil and cooling water?

Answer: There are two kinds of mixing of engine oil and cooling water: (1) There is oil-water mixing in the whole cooling system. (2) Water only exists in the oil pan. In the former case, the oil passage is disconnected and connected with the waterway. The latter situation is caused by the cooling blockage and leakage of the spark plug on the cylinder pad. If the above situation is found, it should be repaired in time.

50. What is the reason for the high fuel consumption?

Answer: (1) The oil pressure is too high. (2) The oil pan formed by pipes and joints leaks oil. (3) The engine runs at high speed for a long time, resulting in overheating and evaporation of the oil and damage. (4) The oil leakage of the cylinder is caused by the wear of the piston, piston ring or cylinder arm. (5) There is too much oil stored in the oil pan, and the oil is thrown out from the crankcase ventilation pipe during work.

5 1. What is the reason for the noise when the clutch is engaged?

Answer: (1) The release bearing is short of oil and the seat sleeve is loose. (2) The separating rod is damaged. (3) The separation fork is loose. ④ The friction plate is broken or the rivet is loose or exposed. (5) The damping spring is broken.

52. What are the operating procedures for forklift unloading?

Answer: (1) The forklift is driven to the job site. (2) The foreman listens to the report of "the first three inspections" and confirms that it meets the requirements for commencement. (3) The freight forwarder checks the car number and goods again to confirm that the operation can be started. (4) The foreman arranges the operation plan and safety division of labor. Matters needing attention, announce the start of the operation.

53. What is the working principle of the battery?

Answer: (1) External inspection, always check whether the shell is damaged and whether the pole is corroded. (2) Check whether the electrolyte is turbid, indicating that there are impurities in the electrolyte, and the active substance on the electrode sheet falls off seriously, which should be repaired. (3) Measure the discharge degree with a high-speed discharge instrument. (4) Discharge test, check its capacity reduction, and conduct it according to the discharge method.

54. What is the cause of noise in hydraulic system?

Answer: (1) is the same as the noise when the safety valve is opened due to overload. (2) Due to the lack of oil in the oil tank or the air leakage between the oil pump and the oil pipe joint, the oil pump enters the air when pumping oil. (3) The oil is too dirty, the oil filter screen is blocked, or the oil pump is difficult to pump oil because of its high viscosity.

55. What are the "three good" and "four meetings" of equipment and the "five decisions" of lubrication work?

A: "three good" means good management. Take advantage of it. Fix it. "Four Meetings" can be used, maintained, checked and eliminated.

56. What is the structure of the cooling water pump? How does it work?

Answer: The cooling water pump of the engine generally adopts centrifugal water pump, which is mainly composed of pump body and pump shaft. , impeller, water seal, water inlet pipe and other parts. Working condition: Driven by the crankshaft, the pulley outside the pump body drives the impeller to rotate in the pump body through the water pump shaft, resulting in rotating centrifugal force and partial vacuum at the water inlet. Water enters the center of the impeller from the water inlet and is thrown to the inner wall of the pump by the impeller blades. Due to the increase of water velocity, a certain pressure is generated, and then it flows into the water jacket of the cylinder block through the outlet of the water pump, thus realizing the water circulation of the cooling system.

57. What role does lubricating oil play in the engine lubrication system?

Answer: (1) Lubrication: Clean engine oil is continuously sent to the friction surface of engine running parts to form a good lubrication film (friction between liquids replaces rolling or sliding friction between solids) for lubrication, so as to reduce the movement and wear of parts.

(2) Cooling effect: Due to the circulating flow of engine oil, part of the heat generated by friction can be dispersed, thus reducing the temperature of machine parts.

(3) Cleaning function: Take away the metal scraps generated by friction, keep the friction surface of the machine parts clean and reduce friction.

(4) Sealing function: the oil layer between the piston and the cylinder wall can reduce the air leakage when the piston moves and increase the sealing between the piston and the cylinder wall.

58. What is the function of the oil pump? How does it work?

Answer: The function of the oil pump is to transport the oil to all the friction parts of the engine, so that the oil can circulate in the lubrication path to ensure the good lubrication of the engine. Oil pumps are mostly gear pumps, which are composed of gear pump bodies. When the engine is working, the camshaft drives the driving gear of the pump body to rotate. The oil vibrated by the gear flows from the oil inlet to the oil outlet along the inner wall of the pump body, forming low pressure and generating suction, and the oil in the oil tank is sucked into the oil inlet. The oil at the oil outlet accumulates more and more, so the pressure increases, and the oil is pressed to all friction parts to realize forced lubrication.

59. What is the function of the air filter, and what parts does it consist of?

Answer: The function of the air filter is to remove dust from the air entering the carburetor. Dust contains a lot of hard particles. If these particles enter the cylinder, it will lead to accelerated wear of cylinder, piston, piston ring, valve bevel and other parts. Therefore, the forklift engine should be equipped with an air filter to prolong the service life of the engine.

60. What is the composition and function of forklift tilt cylinder?

Answer: (1) In order to fork the goods quickly and conveniently, the gantry needs to be tilted forward; When carrying goods, in order to prevent the goods from falling, it is necessary to tilt the gantry backwards to ensure the stability of the goods. The forward and backward tilting of the frame is realized by tilting the cylinder. (2) The tilting cylinder consists of main parts such as piston, cylinder body, piston rod, upper cover, lower cover, compression nut and cover nut. (3) The tilting cylinder has two oil holes, which can be used interchangeably as oil inlet and oil outlet. The piston divides the cylinder into a front chamber and a rear chamber. When leaning forward, the rear cavity is filled with high-pressure oil, and when leaning backward, the front cavity is filled with high-pressure oil.

6 1. What is the specific content of "Eight Prohibitions" for forklift driving?

Answer: (1) Forklifts are strictly forbidden to stay at the crossing. (2) It is forbidden to suddenly change direction when the forklift is driving. (3) It is forbidden to turn hard and die. (4) It is forbidden for two forklifts to transport goods together. ⑤ It is forbidden to turn at high speed. (6) It is forbidden to use emergency braking in non-emergency situations. (7) No turning is allowed when driving on a slope of 10%. (8) When the forklift is working on a long platform, it is forbidden to reverse for a long distance.

62.- What are the components of the hoisting mechanism and what is its function?

Answer: The hoisting mechanism consists of outer gantry, inner gantry, hoisting oil cylinder, tilting oil cylinder, accessory frame, chain, sprocket and guide chain (pulley). Lifting mechanism is one of the most important parts of forklift. It can complete loading and unloading operations such as forklift, lifting, landing and stacking. These processes are realized by hydraulic system.

63. What is the composition and function of the inside and outside door frames of forklift trucks?

Answer: The lower part of the outer gantry is hinged with the front of the frame, so that the gantry can be tilted back and forth. Its cross section is trough-shaped, some are made of standard steel and some are made of steel plate. The inner door frame is inserted into the outer door frame and can rise or fall along the inner wall of the outer door frame. Its cross-sectional shape is also trough-shaped, and like the outer door frame, it is also made of standard channel steel or steel plate.

64. What are the reasons why the engine can't start?

Answer: The engine can't start, or sometimes it starts but shuts down quickly. The reason is: (1) The oil tank is short of oil or the oil pipe switch is not turned on. ② The tubing is blocked, damaged or leaked at the joint. (3) The carburetor is not working well, and the mixture is too little or too thin. (4) The diaphragm of the gasoline pump breaks and the connecting rod falls off, resulting in insufficient oil supply or even no oil at all. (5) There is water in gasoline, which freezes and blocks the main nozzle of carburetor. (6) gas resistance is generated to interrupt oil supply.

65. What are the fork shifting procedures for forklift operation?

Answer: (1) The heavy forklift is parked at the unloading place. (2) Lift the fork to the height required for placing the goods. (3) The forklift slowly moves forward, so that the fork is located above the pallet (goods) where the brake is to be placed. (4) The fork descends to the running height, and the forklift leaves to start the next cycle.

66. What's the use of a half shaft?

Answer: The half shaft is the driving shaft of the driving wheel (front wheel), that is, the power transmission shaft. Forklift trucks sometimes need two driving wheels to rotate at different speeds. Therefore, the left and right driving wheels cannot be connected and driven by the same integral shaft, but the two half shafts can be driven separately through the linkage of the differential. So the axle of the front axle is two half shafts. The inner end of the half shaft is provided with a keyway, which is engaged with the inner keyway of the half shaft gear and receives the power from the differential respectively. There is a flange at the outer end, which is connected with the front wheel hub through bolts to drive the wheel to rotate. It can be seen from the use of the axle shaft that the axle shaft must bear great torque, forcing the wheels to rotate and driving the forklift.

67. What is the reason why the engine doesn't work?

Answer: (1) The piston cylinder is excessively worn and the compression pressure in the cylinder is insufficient. (2) The ignition time is too late, so that the valve cannot be closed on time. (3) The valve clearance is too small and the valve is improperly closed. (4) The air filter is blocked and the air flow is too small. (5) The ignition system is faulty and the electric spark is too weak. (6) Failure of carburetor, gasoline pump or oil circuit causes poor oil supply. (7) The engine overheated intake manifold leaks air. (9) The viscosity of the engine oil is too thick or there are many impurities in the oil, which increases the motion resistance.

68. What is the function of hydraulic braking device of internal combustion forklift, and what components are it composed of?

Answer: The function of hydraulic braking device is to make the moving forklift stop or slow down quickly, so as to ensure production safety and meet the needs of loading and unloading operations. Hydraulic braking device is mainly composed of driving mechanism (including brake pedal and push rod). ), brake master cylinder (including master cylinder piston, leather cup, piston return spring, working oil chamber, valve, oil storage chamber, oil injection hole, oil return hole, etc. ), brake (including cylinder, piston brake shoe return spring, brake shoe, brake hub, etc. ) and tubing.

69. What is the reason for the deviation of diesel forklift?

Answer: The direction deviation means that the forklift automatically deviates to one side when driving, so it is necessary to hold the steering wheel and constantly correct the direction to keep the direction. The reasons are as follows: (1) The steering wheel is improperly positioned. (2) The tire pressure of the two steering wheels is insufficient. ③ The bearing on one side of the steering wheel is too tight. (4) One wheel bolt is loose. (5) The gap between the steering knuckle kingpin and the bushing is too large.

70. What are the technical requirements of general cargo stacking standards?

Answer: It should be steady and neat, heavy and light, with the arrow pointing upward. Unloaded goods should be divided into good goods and bad goods, and damaged goods should not be piled up. When there is a big gap in the car, they should be stacked step by step.

7 1. What is the reason for the slow lifting speed of the fork after the diesel forklift is loaded?

Answer: (1) The oil pump is seriously worn, with low efficiency and insufficient pressure; (2) The spring pressure of distributor safety valve is too low or the steel ball and valve seat are worn, resulting in oil leakage; (3) Excessive wear of the lifting valve body and the lifting valve stem of the distributor leads to clearance and oil leakage; (4) The piston, sealing ring and inner wall of lifting cylinder are excessively worn and leak oil; ⑤ Oil leakage from tubing or tubing joint.

72. What is the reason for the insufficient pressure in the hydraulic system of the fork?

Answer: (1) The oil level in the fuel tank is too low or the oil suction pipe is blocked; (2) The pressure of the safety valve is adjusted too low and overflows prematurely; (3) There is collusion between the pressure pipeline and the oil return circuit; ④ Oil leakage from tubing or tubing joint; (5) oil pump failure,

73. What are the general methods to judge mechanical failure?

A: Q: I know the situation and ask about the cause of the failure.

Look: it is to observe whether the appearance, shape, state and position are normal.

Listen: it is through the sound to judge the fault.

Inspection: It is disintegration inspection.

74. What are the hazards of fan belt being too tight or too loose? How to check its tightness?

Answer: (1) The engine fan is generally driven by V-belt, and the tightness of this belt should be appropriate. Too tight belt will increase tension, which will cause excessive friction between the inclined planes on both sides of the V-belt and the belt, which will not only damage the belt, but also wear the bearings of the engine.