Encyclopedia of contents and materials of environmental protection handwritten newspaper.

Encyclopedia of contents and materials of environmental protection handwritten newspaper.

Green handwritten newspaper content:

pollution type

atmospheric pollution

1. Pollution status

According to the Bulletin on Environmental Status of China, the air quality in China was still at the level of severe pollution during the period of 1997, and the northern cities were more serious than the southern cities (see Figure 3- 1). The average annual concentration of sulfur dioxide ranges from 3 to 248 μ g/m3, and the national average is 66 μ g/m3. More than half of the northern cities and more than one third of the southern cities have an annual average value exceeding the national secondary standard (60 micrograms per cubic meter). The annual average of northern cities is 72 μ g/m3; The annual average of southern cities is 60 micrograms per cubic meter. Yibin, Guiyang, Chongqing and other high-sulfur coal-mining cities in southwest China, as well as cities with high energy consumption such as Shanxi, Shandong, Hebei, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Henan and Shaanxi, are seriously polluted by sulfur dioxide.

2. Pollution sources

Energy use. With the rapid economic growth and the improvement of people's living standards in China, the demand for energy is rising.

China's sulfur dioxide emissions are increasing rapidly. This is the main reason why acid rain pollution lasts the longest and is the most harmful in southwest China.

Automobile exhaust. In recent years, the number of motor vehicles in major cities in China has greatly increased, and motor vehicle exhaust has become an important source of urban air pollution.

In addition, lead emitted by automobiles is also an important pollutant in the urban atmosphere.

water pollution

1. Pollution status

According to "Bulletin on Environmental Status of China" and the report of Ministry of Water Resources, 1997, the groundwater in seven major water systems, lakes, reservoirs and some areas in China was polluted to varying degrees. Compared with 1996, the length of the polluted river increased by 6.3 percentage points in the dry season and 5.5 percentage points in the wet season, all of which were polluted in the 50,000-kilometer reach evaluated.

The water quality of seven major water systems in China continues to deteriorate. 67.7% of the monitored river reach is Class III, and the water quality is better than Class III, and there is no river reach exceeding Class V. ..

The Yellow River is facing the dual pressures of pollution and cut-off. 66.7% of the monitored river reaches are Grade IV water quality. The main pollution indicators are ammonia nitrogen, volatile phenol, permanganate index and biochemical oxygen demand.

The main stream of the Pearl River is less polluted. 62.5% of the monitored reach is Grade III or better, 29.2% is Grade IV, and the rest are Grade V and above. The main pollution indicators are ammonia nitrogen, permanganate index and total mercury.

The water quality of Huaihe River has improved, especially in the heavily polluted reach in previous years. The water quality of the main stream is mainly Class III and IV, and the pollution of the tributaries is still serious. The main pollution indicators are ammonia nitrogen and permanganate index.

The water system of Hailuan River is seriously polluted and the overall water quality is poor. 50% of the monitored river reaches are Grade V and Super Grade V water quality. The main pollution indicators are permanganate index, ammonia nitrogen and biochemical oxygen demand.

The overall water quality of Daliaohe River system is poor and the pollution is serious. The water quality of 50% of the monitored river reaches exceeds five categories. The main pollution indicators are ammonia nitrogen, total mercury, volatile phenol, biochemical oxygen demand and permanganate index.

The water quality of Songhua River has improved compared with previous years. 70.6% of the monitored river reaches are Grade IV water quality. The main pollution indicators are permanganate index, volatile phenol and biochemical oxygen demand.

2. Pollution sources

Industrial wastewater. Industrial water pollution mainly comes from paper industry, metallurgical industry, chemical industry and mining industry.

Municipal domestic sewage. Although the discharge of industrial wastewater has decreased year by year in the past decade, the total amount of domestic sewage is increasing.

solid waste pollution

1. Pollution status

1997, the national industrial solid waste output was10.60 billion tons, including 400 million tons of solid waste generated by township enterprises, accounting for 37.7% of the total output, and 0.77 billion tons of hazardous waste10.0%. 1996, the discharge of industrial solid waste is16.9 million tons, of which the discharge of hazardous waste accounts for 1.3%. The accumulated storage of industrial solid waste in China has reached 6.5 billion tons, covering an area of 5 1.68 hectares, of which hazardous waste accounts for about 5%. The output of municipal solid waste is about 65.438+0.4 billion tons, and two thirds of the cities in China are surrounded by garbage. In recent years, the consumption of plastic packaging materials has increased rapidly, and the problem of "white pollution" has become prominent.

2. Pollution sources

Industrial solid waste. Municipal solid waste.

noise pollution

1. Pollution status

According to the Bulletin of Environmental Status of China, during the period of 1997, the noise in most cities in China was at a moderate level of pollution, among which the domestic noise had a great influence and showed an expanding trend. Traffic noise has the greatest impact on the environment.

The equivalent sound level of road traffic noise in China ranges from 67.3 to 77.8 dB, and the national average is 7 1 dB (length-weighted). Among the 49 urban roads monitored, the sound level exceeding 70 decibels accounts for 54.9% of the total monitoring length.

The equivalent sound level of urban environmental noise is 53.5-65.8 dB, and the national average is 56.5 dB (area-weighted). Among the 43 cities, the sound level in 33 cities exceeds 55 decibels, and the equivalent sound level in Datong, Kaifeng and Lanzhou exceeds 60 decibels, which is very serious.

The noise of each functional area generally exceeds the standard. The percentage of cities exceeding the standard is: special residential area 57.1%; Residents, cultural and educational areas 71.7%; Residential, commercial and industrial mixed zone 80.4%; Industrial concentration area 21.7%; The traffic trunk road is 50.0%.

Environmental protection means that human beings consciously protect natural resources, make rational use of natural resources, and prevent the natural environment from being polluted and destroyed; It is necessary to comprehensively control the polluted and destroyed environment and create an environment suitable for human life and work. Environmental protection refers to various actions taken by human beings to solve real or potential environmental problems, coordinate the relationship between human beings and the environment, and ensure the sustainable development of economy and society. Its methods and means include engineering technology, administration, law, economy, publicity and education, etc.