What is bedsore like?

Bedsore, also known as pressure sore, is caused by tissue ulceration and necrosis due to long-term compression, persistent ischemia, hypoxia and malnutrition of local tissues. Bedsore can cause damage from epidermis to subcutaneous tissue, muscles and even bones and joints. In severe cases, secondary infection can cause sepsis.

What are the prone parts of bedsore?

Bedsore often occurs in the bony protuberance without muscle wrapping or thin muscle layer, lacking the protection of adipose tissue and often being compressed. According to the different ways of lying down, the prone parts of bedsores are also different.

Supine position is common in occipital tuberosity, scapula, elbow, sacrococcygeal region and heel.

Lateral position is common in ears, acromion, elbows, ribs, buttocks, medial, lateral, medial and lateral ankles of knee joint.

Prone position is common in ears, cheeks, shoulders, female breasts, male genitals, knees and toes.

Bedsore staging

The first level: skin integrity stage (erythema stage)

Changes in temperature, hardness, feeling, etc. May occur in the affected area, local compression. People with light skin color show local persistent erythema, while people with dark skin color show local persistent redness or purple.

The second stage: skin injury stage (blister stage)

Blisters of different sizes appear in the compressed parts, and the skin color in severe cases is dark purple or purple-black. When the bubble wall breaks, a surface will be formed.

The third stage: the whole skin injury stage (superficial ulcer stage)

Deep tissue is damaged or necrotic, but it will not penetrate the subcutaneous fascia. It is characterized by the continuous destruction of bright red granulation tissue, purulent secretion and fat necrosis tissue and its deep invasion.

The fourth stage: deep tissue injury stage (severe ulcer stage)

Necrotic tissue invades the dermis, and the necrotic tissue is a black hard scab, and a deep ulcer or sinus is formed under the scab, which communicates with the attached mucus sac or bone tissue.

Prevention of bedsore

Prevention is an important factor to avoid bedsore, and the prevention of bedsore is a difficult point in nursing. Bedsore not only increases the pain of patients, but also aggravates the condition and even endangers life. Therefore, it is very important to correctly evaluate the risk factors of bedsore, take effective protective measures, make a diet plan and do a good job in health education. The implementation of the measures can avoid the occurrence of bedsore, relieve the pain of patients and improve the curative effect. Therefore, it is required to do six tasks well, that is, turn over frequently, scrub frequently, massage frequently, arrange frequently, shift frequently and shift frequently.

1. Encourage and assist bedridden patients to change their lying position frequently, and turn over every 2 hours 1 time and every 30 minutes 1 time if necessary.

2, in order to reduce the pressure of bone protrusion and supporting the body gap, you can use air cushion, sponge pad, water pants, etc.

3. For patients who use splint, plaster and traction fixation, we should strengthen the observation of local skin changes.

4. When using sitting posture and semi-sitting posture, prevent the body from sliding.

5, patients turn over or change sheets, avoid dragging, pulling, dragging, pushing and other actions.

6. Use the bedpan correctly.

7. Keep the sheets and clothes clean and keep the skin clean and dry.

8. Don't let patients lie directly on rubber or plastic sheets.

9. Improve the nutritional status of the whole body, ensure adequate nutrition, and give a high-calorie, high-protein, high-cellulose and digestible diet.