Efficient literacy teaching methods

Word teaching is the most important content in basic education and Chinese teaching. How to teach children correct, fast and efficient literacy methods is an urgent problem that needs to be solved in primary school literacy teaching. The following is an efficient literacy teaching method that I compiled. Everyone is welcome to read, share and learn from it.

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Efficient literacy teaching methods

1 Create opportunities to increase interest in literacy.

Use reasonable literacy forms according to different texts. Generally, when there are many new words and the text is long, the form of concentrated literacy can be used. This can save literacy time, cultivate self-learning ability, and make the text more coherent and smooth, instead of fragmenting the text due to teaching too many words to the students. During operation, students can be liberated from the traditional model of "asking me to learn", giving them the opportunity to choose freely, find out the new words they want to learn and know how to learn, give full play to their subjective initiative, and truly put students in the main position superior. Practice has proved that this form of concentrated literacy has high student enthusiasm and a relaxed and active classroom atmosphere. At the same time, you can also consciously find out the similarities between the words you are teaching and classify them for teaching, which can achieve twice the result with half the effort.

The second emphasis is on guidance and teaching students how to read.

It is very important for teachers to guide students’ learning, especially for lower-grade students’ literacy. Students always learn according to the learning methods they have mastered. Therefore, the teacher's guidance style plays a directional role. It can be seen that literacy teaching is not only to let students master a few Chinese characters, but more importantly, to teach students how to read while teaching literacy, and to continuously improve their literacy skills so that they can actively acquire and use the regularity of Chinese characters. knowledge, in order to successfully complete the analysis and synthesis process of Chinese characters, making this process more complete and simplified, and helping to improve the quality of literacy teaching. Commonly used methods are:

1. Use basic characters to memorize glyphs.

Students have mastered a certain amount of single-character characters. They regard these simple and easy-to-remember single-character characters as basic characters, and use the basic characters to add one stroke, subtract one stroke, or combine them to help students memorize them. Glyph. For example: "日" plus one stroke is "MU", "MU" minus one stroke is "日", "日" and "月" combined are "明".

2. Use the changes in radicals to memorize glyphs.

Many words can become another new character by adding radicals, removing radicals or changing radicals. Teachers can classify the learned characters and ask students to talk about how a certain character came from. Another word can be obtained by adding, subtracting or changing radicals, fully exploring the transfer and association functions in students' minds. For example: "京" is added with the word "日" next to it, and the word "zuo" is written with the prefix "guang" removed, and "seat" is written with the word "guang" removed. "Piao" is written with the word "wind" written next to it, and replaced with the word "water" at three o'clock, it is "piao".

3. Use the characteristics of phonograms to memorize glyphs.

A considerable part of Chinese characters are pictophonetic characters, with radicals representing meanings and phonetic characters representing sounds. This feature of pictophonetic characters can more effectively help students understand and memorize glyphs. For example: "蜻" is the form of dragonfly, so use the word "worm" next to it and pronounce it on the right side, and the whole word is also pronounced "qīng". By thinking and explaining from this perspective, students can basically achieve photographic memory.

4. Use vivid and interesting stories to memorize glyphs.

For some words, teachers can seize the characteristics of the glyphs and weave them into short stories, so that students can unknowingly retain the glyphs permanently in their minds in the relaxed and pleasant atmosphere of listening to the stories. For example: when teaching the word "游", you can tell students that swimming must have water (next to the three o'clock water), swimming pools are generally square (with the word "square" in the middle), and children must pay attention to safety when swimming (zi). There is an adult (person) accompanying you.

5. Use various forms of exercises to memorize glyphs.

In addition to asking students to listen, read and perform a certain amount of mechanical copying, teachers can provide some innovative exercises to "test" students, stimulate curiosity and strengthen memory. For example, "Sun and Moon =? (Ming), Cao Yi Caotou =? (Morning). You can also let students make up questions according to the pattern to test the teacher. In addition, you can also use riddles to grasp the characteristics of the glyphs and carry out Competition, multiple channels, multiple forms, repeated consolidation, flexible use, to help students remember the glyphs

3. Cultivate students’ independent literacy skills and learn to read in life.

After mastering many methods in learning, you can use them flexibly according to the different situations of the characters.

1. Change the radicals of sister characters

Such as "bubble, hug, and gun". Characters with similar shapes and different characters are called "sister characters" by students. There are many such phenomena in Chinese characters. When students learn the new character "Cang", changing radicals has become the main method. Compare "rob" and "gun"; when learning "tan", they will think of "but"... After finding out the connection between the glyphs, it is much easier to learn, and they can randomly review the characters they have learned before.

2. Divide and memorize complex words.

For words with complex stroke structures, you can break them into combinations and make them easier. For example, "gun" has more strokes on the right side. They used their brains and quickly came up with a way to remember: on the right side of "gun", the "clothes" were disassembled and a "male" was put in. However, the "male" should be changed to a dot in this way. , students quickly memorize such difficult words and remember them very firmly

3. Use the characteristics to remember the word "rabbit". It's easy to forget ",", but the student came up with a good idea: "Teacher, that point is the short tail of the little white rabbit. The little white rabbit would not be cute without the short tail. We must not forget it! When learning the word "skewer", the student thought of mutton skewers: "I like to eat mutton skewers the most. The two 'mouths' are the mutton, and the vertical one is the stick that wears the mutton. Together they are 'mutton skewers'." 'string'. "How vivid! The children were in high spirits and memorized the new word "chuan" in their happy laughter, which added to their interest in learning and sense of accomplishment.

4 Understand the word, understand its meaning, and remember Its shape.

The children don’t understand what Huiyiyu is, but they find such words really interesting. Students look carefully to see if there are any special findings. The word "Crooked" has "No" at the top and "Zheng" at the bottom. Since it is "Bad", it must be "Crooked"!" For this kind of special characters, students understand the meaning and quickly remember it. In practice, students have developed the habit of finding the best way to read. When they devote themselves to thinking of various ingenious methods, literacy teaching not only changes. It is very easy and full of fun and joy!

I believe that literacy teaching must be closely connected with students’ lives. Teaching content, methods, and forms must reflect the characteristics of openness, flexibility, and liveliness, so that students can Enjoy learning and improve literacy skills through extensive, lively and interesting activities. From the perspective of children's cognitive rules, the words children recognize first are the ones most closely related to their daily lives, such as "Dad, Mom, Me", etc. . Therefore, we can start from students’ interests, guide students’ horizons into colorful life, and promote literacy in life. We strive to be diverse, lively, and interesting; Strive to integrate inside and outside the classroom, communicate inside and outside the school, and reflect openness.

(1) Make full use of campus cultural resources to guide students in literacy.

The classroom garden and the campus notices. Signs and slogans in the windows. Guide students to learn literacy while visiting the campus. When you meet students, you often ask them, what is written here? Soon students can even understand complex words.

(2) Identify the students’ names so that students can recognize characters quickly and effectively.

Print and distribute the seating chart of the whole class to each student, so that parents can provide guidance at home and help their children become familiar with the names of the whole class. You can make an exquisite name card for each student and stick it on the desk or hang it on the chest, so that students can recognize the name of the classmate at any time. In this way, the classmate's name will be recognized quickly.

(3) Learn words with the help of real objects and pictures in life.

There are many ready-made objects in the classroom, such as doors, windows, podiums, blackboards, televisions, and tape recorders. Word cards can be pasted on them so that students can recognize the words that represent the objects when they see them. They also held literacy competitions in different categories to see who knew the most words. For example, school supplies, fruits, vegetables, plants, and animals.

4. Use various forms to review and consolidate new words.

Elementary school students learn literacy quickly and forget it quickly. If the new words you have learned are not reviewed and consolidated in time, they will easily relapse. Children's mastering of words cannot be completed in one go. For what you need to grasp, understanding it does not mean you have completely mastered it. It also depends on whether you can apply it correctly and flexibly. More exercises and more applications can not only expand and deepen the understanding of words, but also exercise the accuracy and flexibility of students' logical thinking and improve their language expression ability. Therefore, in teaching, students should try their best to learn the words Provide ample opportunities for practice and application. In order for students to firmly master new words, they must do a good job of review and consolidation, and the methods and methods must be diverse.

When teaching vocabulary, you can consolidate literacy through games.

Train driving: This game is played in groups. As the children made a sound of "woo - click, click", the teacher showed a new word and asked a group of students to spell out the syllables and analyze the glyphs in order. If a student makes a wrong pronunciation or incorrect glyph analysis, the train will not be able to move forward. It will be ordered to stop and repairs can be made before it can continue moving down the train.

Word guessing: According to the characteristics of these words, students are guided to guess word puzzles to help memory. For example: "Dot one beam at a time, open a window under the beam, open the big mouth, and hide the small mouth." If you guess the word (high) in the riddle, you will be able to write the word.

Memorize jingle: When encountering words that are difficult to write, teach students to memorize the jingle. For example: the word "来": "Hands down, dots and strokes, then crosses, one vertical in the center of the word, left and right, this character will not be forgotten." In this way, students will be able to memorize the jingle by heart. The strokes of writing are gone.

Send letters: Ask the students who have studied most seriously in this lesson to be the postman and deliver the vocabulary cards as letters to their classmates one by one. Other children clapped their hands together and sang a children's song: "Dingle bell, dinged bell, the postman is here to deliver the letter. He is not afraid of the wind, not afraid of the rain, and he serves the people wholeheartedly." After delivering the letter, the children who received the letter are invited to come to the stage to read it one by one, and Analyze glyphs.

Calling: Paste the new word cards on the blackboard, and ask a student to point to it and ask: What word is this? Other students answer. Through questions and answers, students can strengthen their ability to distinguish words with similar sounds and similar shapes.

Add bricks and tiles: write an incomplete word and let students complete the strokes. For example, after finishing the words water, cow, and sheep, students not only remembered the stroke order rules of the word "water" first in the middle and then on both sides, but also distinguished the vertical difference between the characters "cow" and "sheep".

Find friends: Ask students to find the correct words and match them to form new words.

Paste tree bark: Show a painting of a big tree with pinyin written on the trunk. Ask students to paste small cards with new words on them. Don't paste them incorrectly.

Apple picking: Show a picture of a big tree with apples with new words written on them. Students make fruit baskets (use cards to spell out the correct pronunciation and spelling of new words) and pick them. The corresponding apple (new word). You can compete in groups to see which group picks more apples.

Fishing: Show a picture of a pond with many fish in it (Pinyin). Students say the corresponding new words, form words, and go on stage to fish. It can also be divided into men's and women's and group competitions.

Dress and wear a hat: Write an incomplete word and ask students to complete the strokes.

For example: "field, li, water". After completing the supplement, the students also remembered the difference between "tian and li". (After dressing up) Then form a group of words and say a sentence. It can also be used for new characters consisting of two familiar characters. Invite students to practice combining characters, such as "日" and "木" combined into "fruit".

Lower grade students like to play games. In the process of literacy teaching in lower grades, teachers should stimulate students' interest in learning based on this psychological characteristic, use various games in a timely and selective manner, create a pleasant learning atmosphere for students, and make literacy teaching enter the stage of "teachers are happy to teach". , students are happy to learn” an ideal situation.

Five combined with comprehensive reading and writing exercises to guide students to use the words they have learned.

Comprehensive training is much more effective than just copying and dictating new words, and is conducive to cultivating students' literacy and reading and writing skills. Generally, methods such as reading aloud, retelling, using words to form sentences, speaking, writing, and extracurricular reading can be used to guide students to use the words they have learned.

Combining literacy and writing. On the basis of students' initial grasp of the pronunciation, shape and meaning of characters, they must continue to write in order to firmly grasp the shape of characters. At the same time, it is also an important task in primary school Chinese teaching, which not only requires students to write correctly, but also to write neatly.

Combining literacy and reading. Once students are literate, they must read carefully, read more, and read well. We should always pay attention to cultivating students' practical and serious reading habits. When reading, you should listen to your mouth, your eyes, and your heart. First of all, it is required to read the pronunciation accurately and read the content of each sentence clearly, and then read fluently based on understanding the text, and be able to correctly express the thoughts and feelings of the text. If you do not know the words, you must look up the dictionary in time.

Six literacy methods

1. Pictogram literacy method: Today’s Chinese characters evolved from picture characters, and many characters are somewhat similar in shape to the things they represent. For these words, children can learn the words through pictograms and deepen their impressions. Such as: mountains, rocks, fields, crops, sun, moon, water, fire, etc.

2. Describe the literacy method: According to the characteristics of the glyphs, use actions, language, associations, etc. to describe Chinese characters, so that children can form vivid pictures in their minds for memory.

3. Riddle literacy method: According to the glyph characteristics of some Chinese characters, riddles are compiled and the riddle method allows children to memorize new characters, which will have unexpected effects. If you are interested in riddle literacy, you can also read an article I posted previously called "50 Riddles to Help Children Learn 50 Chinese Characters".

4. Comparative literacy method: Many Chinese characters are added, subtracted or changed to become another Chinese character. Let the children observe carefully and compare the stroke changes of the two characters, then remember the pronunciation of the characters and form words separately. Not only will they remember it quickly, but they will also remember it firmly. Adding one stroke to the word "日" can turn it into: Bai, Mu, You, Jia, Shen, Dian, Tian. Adding one stroke to the word "木" can turn it into: He, Ben, Shu, Mo, Wei. Add one stroke to the word "Tu" and it becomes: king; subtract one stroke to become: two or ten; change one stroke to become: dry.

5. Radical-changing literacy method: Some words have strong derivation ability. By adding different radicals, they can become different words. The radical-changing literacy method is to weave these characters with the same root into a rhythmic poetry form. When you memorize a poem, you can remember all the similar characters. For example: the word "青", with different radicals, can become Qing, Qing, Qing, Qing, Jing, Qing, etc. Another example: the word "ye" can also be derived from several different words, such as 地, he, she, Chi, Chi.

6. Character splitting method: Chinese characters are all composed of certain parts. For some complex characters, they can be skillfully split to memorize them. This poetic method is suitable for memorizing those combined characters with multiple parts. Not only can they be remembered firmly, but they can also be remembered accurately, and it is not easy to miss small strokes when writing.

Benefits of children's literacy

First, literacy can make children smarter.

Of course, early education does not mean just literacy, but should focus on developing the potential, intelligence and cultivating personality qualities of infants and young children. There is no doubt about this.

The first factor of intelligence is language (auditory language and visual language) ability, and language ability mainly depends on vocabulary. Teaching children to read and write as early as possible will quickly increase their vocabulary.

Although children only imitate the pronunciation of adults, this process is not completely passive. In the study with great interest, he should carefully observe the shape of the characters (for example, the character "zhong" means three "people" together), and associate the objects and actions corresponding to the characters (for example, when learning the character "cat", he will think of the characters at home. When the little cat learns the word "eat", he will do the action of picking rice into his mouth), analyze and compare the similarities and differences between the shapes of new words and certain characters he knows (for example, when teaching the word "mix", he will think of the same as "mix") The word "beat" is next to the handle, but one side is "ding" and the other side is "half"). Obviously, literacy is of great benefit to cultivating and developing children's observation, imagination, memory and thinking abilities. In other words, teaching children to read as early as possible will make them smarter.

Second, literacy can promote the simultaneous development of children's "visual language" and "auditory language".

Human language is divided into auditory language (listening to words and speaking) and visual language (literacy and reading). Auditory language acts on the auditory organ and is mainly used in daily conversations and interactions. Visual language acts on the visual organ. It is a high-level language of human beings and can develop into a silent internal language, that is, "thinking flow". If a person really wants to make a difference in his life, he must master the visual language and the internal language transformed by it. If a child's visual language lags in development and misses the best period of development in early life, the loss will be immeasurable.

We advocate literacy for infants and young children, mainly to let children get used to seeing that there are such things as "words" and "books" in the world, and to know that everyone likes to read them. Just like children who are used to seeing "objects" and can identify "objects" anytime and anywhere, children develop literacy and reading sensitivity early and turn it into a habit. They will be accustomed to using two thinking tools to learn and think about problems from an early age, making "visual" Language" and "auditory language" develop simultaneously.

Third, literacy can enable children to acquire more knowledge.

As we all know, literacy is the basis of reading. If you are not literate, then you can only obtain knowledge through direct contact with the things around you. After knowing a certain number of words, you can read books and newspapers, which opens up a channel for children to acquire a lot of new knowledge. Research shows that 80% of human knowledge is obtained from reading. The enrichment of knowledge will in turn prompt children to think better, because more materials are accumulated in the mind, and the possibility of interconnection and communication between materials will be greatly increased. In this way, children will be more sensitive and more capable in thinking. precise. The biggest feature of countless precocious children trained by "Feng-style early childhood education" is that they became blind at the age of three or four and read a lot of books at the age of five or six. As a result, they gained a wealth of knowledge and entered the fast lane of subsequent development.

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