How to adhere to the people-oriented approach to promote the construction of coal mine safety culture

Abstract: Analyze human unsafe factors in the coal mine production process, propose scientific and effective safety measures, implement responsibilities from three levels, and implement refined safety management, thereby promoting the construction of safety culture. Keywords Analyze unsafe factors/propose measures/implement responsibilities from three levels/refined management/promote the construction of safety culture. With the improvement and improvement of safety management methods, the advanced management model of coal mine safety culture construction has gradually formed. Safety culture includes safety thoughts and awareness, behavioral norms, safety style, safety work attitude, safety governance mechanism, etc., to do a good job in safety Cultural construction is an important manifestation of the implementation of the people-centered scientific development concept. The core of safety culture is to put people first, realize people's safety value, and start from improving people's subconscious to establish a new model and new mechanism of safety culture with people as the core content. In the construction of enterprise safety culture, how to adhere to the people-oriented approach? Only by identifying the human unsafe factors in the process of safety production management, analyzing them, and proposing scientific and effective measures to implement safety responsibilities and strengthen safety management can we talk about safety culture. construction. The theory of accident causation holds that coal mine accidents are mainly caused by unsafe behaviors of people, unsafe conditions of objects, and management defects. Human unsafe behaviors and human errors account for a large proportion of the causes of accidents. Even if there are physical causes, human behavioral errors are often hidden behind the unsafe state of objects. According to relevant accident case statistics, more than 80% of accidents are related to people's unsafe behavior. Both theory and practice show that people's unsafe behavior is the leading factor in accidents. People are thinking workers, and their behavior depends on their psychology. Most of the factors that dominate people's unsafe behaviors are abnormal psychological factors. Therefore, we must understand the unstable psychological factors, personality factors, irregular behaviors, and disharmonious environments that coal mine workers may have, and through coal mining enterprises The construction of safety culture adjusts the psychological state of people who may cause accidents and overcomes the impact on coal mine safety production caused by abnormal psychological factors during operations, thereby eliminating hidden dangers of accidents, improving safety management levels, and promoting the construction of safety culture. 1. Analysis of factors leading to unsafe behaviors of workers in coal mining enterprises: 1. Lucky and paralyzing psychological factors. Psychological factors mainly refer to the relatively fixed and special psychology, habits, opinions, etc. formed by a person in a certain environment and in a certain way of working for a long time. Luck refers to the psychological state of knowing that what you are doing is illegal and dangerous, but you think that this kind of violation may not necessarily happen by chance, or you have done this in the past without any accidents, and you try to get away with it. The main reason for the fluke mentality is wrong empiricism and the misleading of "small probability events". In some production links and processes where accidents have never happened or have not happened for many years, operations based on so-called "old experience" will appear. Behavior, people's fear of danger is weakened, and the mentality of luck and success is strengthened. They further relax their vigilance and develop into bolder and more frequent violations, which eventually lead to major accidents. Paralysis: Refers to a state of mind in which people have poor safety vigilance, think they are absolutely safe, are indifferent, ignore other people's advice, and are careless. The main reasons why people show paralysis are: because they are engaged in a certain repetitive job, they are accustomed to it, and they are not afraid of danger; second, they have been engaged in a job for a long time, and have accumulated certain experience from it and lose their guard; third, they are inattentive and Failure to detect abnormal phenomena in time, and once abnormal phenomena occur, there is nothing to be done; fourth, the sense of responsibility for work is not strong, and it is easy to get by. Luck and paralysis are the most direct and dangerous hidden dangers causing accidents. A show-off personality and an emotional factor of boredom. Everyone has their own unique characteristics, which is their personality. Some people think that they are smart, capable, self-expressive, dare to violate rules, and regard risky work as a state of bravery. Among coal mine workers, people with this personality are mainly characterized by: being competitive, showing off their abilities, loving to bet with others, regardless of the consequences, having experienced violations of regulations without causing accidents, and ignoring production safety in order to grab working hours. They only care about immediate gains and losses, regardless of the objective effects, are stubborn and reckless, and do not listen to dissuasion. Underground coal mine work is a monotonous and repetitive work with high intensity and high risks. If you engage in this work for a long time, it is easy to produce physical and mental fatigue and boredom. The body and mind are often in a state of overload operation, which can easily lead to a decrease in vigilance and cause accidents. Human character is the main cause of accidents. The third factor is irregular laziness, trying to save trouble, and following the pandemic.

Lazy behavior is common to everyone, and its manifestations vary. People with lazy behavior often cut corners and reduce operating procedures at work, leaving themselves with hidden dangers of accidents. The behavior of following the trend is: one's own behavior is affected by the behavior of others, blindly following it, and not rationally analyzing whether this behavior is normative. Some unsafe and irregular behaviors can easily lead to disasters, thus seriously threatening production safety. Irregular behaviors are an important cause of accidents. Four disharmonious environmental factors. Environmental factors include: social environment, family living environment, natural and production environment. The quality of the environment directly affects the thoughts and behaviors of employees. When environmental factors are not good, individual employees will have a confrontational psychological state that is opposite to their normal psychology. If at work, individual managers have low quality and simple and rough working methods, which will lead to miners' low enthusiasm for work and a rebellious mentality of being disgusted and unconvinced, the harsh environment can induce accidents. Environmental factors are therefore external to the accident. Five inadequate management factors. Insufficient management is mainly manifested in: unreasonable on-site labor organization and lack of correct guidance for on-site operations; inadequate implementation of procedures and measures, and project quality does not meet standards, laying hidden dangers for safe production; inadequate employee education and training, and lack of certain training for employees safety technical knowledge. Most of the front-line workers in coal mines are agricultural cooperative workers, with rapid turnover and insufficient professional and technical knowledge. It is difficult to manage these people. Management factors are the indirect causes of accidents, but they are also the direct causes and conditions of human psychological factors, behavioral factors and environmental factors. Only by strengthening management and regulating employees well Psychological factors, changing employees' irregular behaviors and creating a harmonious working environment for employees can ensure safe production. 2. Measures to be taken to eliminate unsafe factors. A brief analysis of the main causes of accidents in coal mine safety production management: it is the human factor, and scientific and effective measures must be used to mobilize the enthusiasm of employees for safety production so that everyone can When individuals complete target tasks, their personal safety awareness is always in a highly activated state, so as to maximize human potential and achieve safe production. We must adhere to the people-oriented approach, do a good job in building safety culture, and eliminate unsafe factors. We should do a good job in the following aspects: 1. Create a "people-oriented" safety culture atmosphere. First, in the construction of safety culture, we must grasp the core of "people-oriented", implement the "safety first" policy, mobilize the subjective initiative and creativity of workers at all levels in coal mines, and ensure that everything is subject to safety and everything serves safety. Put human factors first, respect people, care about people, trust people, use people reasonably, organize employees to participate in various safety activities, encourage employees to make reasonable suggestions, meet various safety needs of employees, and solve employees' worries , improve luck and paralysis, overcome boredom, improve miners' sense of pride and accomplishment, and enable employees to work actively to achieve safety goals. The second is to highlight education and training to improve quality. Every coal mine operator and management cadres at all levels must conscientiously study the party and the country's safety production guidelines, laws and regulations, improve their ideological understanding, and implement the "Three Major Regulations" of coal mines Implementation work. According to the requirements of each professional type of work, carry out professional and part-time training to improve the professional and technical level of employees, reward technical experts and outstanding talents, and stimulate employees' enthusiasm for learning technology. Commend and reward advanced individuals in safety, play a leading role as a model, and continuously enhance the consciousness and initiative of employees in safety work. The third is to carry out safety knowledge competitions for all employees and organize question-answering competitions for all employees’ families to form a strong safety culture publicity momentum. Use accidents that happen around employees to organize safety programs so that employees can be educated through entertainment. The fourth is to create a safety culture environment, using radio, television, mining area news, and organizing special programs on mining area safety culture to enhance the safety culture atmosphere. Construct a scene and set up a safety culture corridor at the wellhead, district team study room, employee family area, and cultural square to expand publicity with safety terms, family instructions, and accident cases; regularly organize employee families to watch safety audio-visual videos to let employees be inspired by them Education to enable family members to understand the coal mine operating environment so as to facilitate coordination and management and create a harmonious external environment. 2. Clarify responsibilities and do a good job in building safety culture. The construction of safety culture in coal mining enterprises must be implemented from three levels: decision-making level, governance level, and operation level.

1. As the top level of the overall safety culture construction of coal mines, the decision-making layer must first continuously improve the safety governance concept from the three aspects of "physical culture, institutional culture, and spiritual culture"; secondly, set safety goals and determine the safety culture of the entire mine* ** share the vision, determine the direction for the construction of safety culture, formulate scientific and standardized safety publicity and education programs and corresponding safety behavior rules and regulations, carry out regular inspections, implement rewards and punishments, compulsorily require employees to practice the new safety culture, establish a self-discipline mechanism and Incentive mechanism changes employees’ ideas and behavior patterns in practice. 2. The governance layer is the intermediate executive layer of safety culture. It must combine the nature of the work of the district team, the actual production, the quality of the personnel, etc., and formulate a team safety culture based on the actual situation under the same vision of the safety culture of the entire mine. With the same goal, we creatively carry out safety culture activities to enrich the safety culture connotation of the entire mine. Its purpose is to create a good production and operating environment for employees. Its main task is to implement the requirements of safety culture construction to the letter, from Starting from district team management, safety management concepts are refined in aspects such as production, safety, operation and district team construction, which are used to guide the construction of safety culture of teams and promote successful safety management experience. 3. The team is the most basic operational level and the starting point for safety culture construction. The direct impact point of team safety culture construction is each operator of the team. The safety psychological factors of the enterprise's operating level are the cornerstone of safety culture construction and determine the final effect of enterprise safety management. They must be based on the safety psychological quality of each miner. , targeted work should be done for people who are prone to accidents, and at the same time, each person's working time should be reasonably arranged according to human biological phenomena, and off-duty arrangements should be made for personnel who are in the period of declining energy, and humanized management should be carried out. According to each person's technical characteristics, positions are reasonably arranged so that everyone can do their best. It is necessary to improve the security awareness of the operation level. To enable employees to devote themselves to work in a normal physical and mental state, it must be achieved through safety education and training. Training and education mainly include: safety psychological quality training, safety regulations education, safety knowledge education, and safety skills training. Safety psychological quality training can enable employees to establish a correct safety psychological model, improve safety psychological quality, and enable workers to make objective judgments and reactions. Safety regulations education contains mandatory regulations that must be voluntarily observed by employees. Safety knowledge education enables miners to master what they need to know and know through education and improve their self-protection capabilities. Safety skills training enables employees to learn relevant technologies, improve operational skills and the ability to correct work errors, identify hazards, eliminate hidden dangers, and respond to accidents and handle operations. 3. Refined safety management to ensure the implementation of the job responsibility system. In safety management, we must not only strengthen management, but also refine the daily management of employees, so that everyone can strengthen their sense of safety responsibility at all times at work and formulate clear Detailed safety production job responsibility system, from leaders to employees, must stipulate detailed safety responsibilities and scope, so that everyone should know what to do, how to do it, and to what extent in the job, promote safety culture into the job, standardize operations, Quantitative assessments are conducted based on the assessment standards for each type of work, and safety quality is linked to wages. In this way, each employee can follow the rules at work, operate according to the rules, and fulfill their responsibilities. Fine management should be people-oriented. When arranging work, the difficulty of the work should be fully taken into account. Employment should be reasonably arranged according to the skill level of employees, so that people can make the best use of their talents. Safety education before work should be carried out and the alarm bell should always sound. When encountering key projects and special projects, scientific and practical measures must be formulated, construction should be carried out according to regulations, and leaders and cadres must follow the squad to the site to direct safe production. There should be more inspections, supervision, and reminders in the class, and at the same time, the ideological trends of employees must be grasped. For those who are in trouble at home, have fluctuating thoughts, or are emotionally unstable, we should do ideological work in a timely manner to solve their worries, provide warmth, and solve practical problems so that employees can focus on their work. It is necessary to establish and improve the incentive mechanism, and spiritual and material rewards must be given to typical people who have outstanding performance at work. This can not only provide spiritual satisfaction and economic benefits to advanced people, but also serve as a model guide and drive the enthusiasm of others. effect. 4. Conclusion People’s unsafe psychology is the internal cause of unsafe behaviors. Unsafe behaviors can easily cause accidents. Disharmonious environmental factors and inadequate management can lead to accidents. Therefore, in promoting the construction of coal mine safety culture, we must adhere to the principle of “people-oriented”. ”, through the construction of safety culture at the three levels of decision-making, governance and operation, we can overcome unsafe factors, eliminate unsafe behaviors, create a harmonious operating environment, strengthen safety management, and thus continuously promote the sustainable development of coal mine safety culture construction.