Analysis of the background of the September 18th Incident.

The September 18th Incident was a deliberate Japanese war of aggression against China in northeast China. This was the beginning of Japanese imperialist aggression against China and the fuse of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. The following is the background analysis of the September 18th Incident that I prepared for you. Please refer to.

Analysis of the background of the September 18th Incident.

One. Introduction of activities

19319 18 On the evening of September18, the "garrison" of the Japanese Kwantung Army Railway, which occupied the northeast of China, blew up a small section of the South Manchuria railway track near Liutiao Lake in the northern suburb of Shenyang, and blamed it on the China army. Then Japan used this as an excuse to attack Shenyang and Changchun, Siping Street and Gongzhuling respectively by Japanese troops stationed along the Nanman Railway. As the Northeast Army received orders from its superiors to implement the "non-resistance policy", the Japanese army easily captured Peking University Camp that night and occupied Shenyang City the next day. The Japanese army continued to attack vast areas of Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang. In just over four months, Japan occupied China territory of165438+100000 square kilometers between Shanhaiguan and Heilongjiang, which is three times the area of Japan. This is the "September 18th Incident" that shocked China and foreign countries. Banyuanzheng Shiro, Ishihara Guaner and Tomihara Kenji were the direct planners and implementers of the September 18th Incident.

Two. Japan's Disarmament Action

Japan is a capitalist country with a small land area and relatively poor local resources. After the Meiji Restoration, Japanese capitalism gradually developed, but due to the narrow domestic market and lack of resources, the contradiction between Japanese capitalism gradually deepened. After the First World War, Japanese militaristic forces further controlled their own political power, suppressed the people at home and invaded and expanded abroad.

After the 192 1 Washington Conference, Japan began a large-scale disarmament action. Military expenditure has decreased, but large-scale disarmament has aroused the dissatisfaction of laid-off soldiers. Because since the Meiji Restoration, Japan has been pursuing the principle of military priority, and they have trained a large number of professional soldiers. Professional soldiers are the most respected people in Japanese society, and soldiers are the most glorious profession. Professional soldiers have no other specialties except military affairs. Disarmament is tantamount to ruining their jobs, which is a disaster. After the beginning of disarmament, once respectable professional soldiers suddenly became redundant people in society, students no longer wanted to apply for military academies, and some hotels even refused to let people in military uniforms in. The gap in the environment suddenly brought a serious sense of loss to the laid-off professional soldiers. However, some soldiers who didn't want to sit still began to gather in secret, and then secret organizations of soldiers such as Tian Jian Party, Sakura Club and Evening Club were established one after another. These organizations have a similar purpose, that is, to transform the country and not hesitate to use force. Moreover, most organizations belong to fascist organizations and participated in the Japanese coup. Politically, it will inevitably inject some fascist extreme ideas, which will also affect Japan's politics and army building. However, at that time, the most famous one was Smiler Ishihara, who put forward the theory of "Manchu Lifeline". Satomi Ishihara later became the mastermind of the September 18th Incident.

Third, the theory of "Manchu lifeline"

Why did Japan have a plot to launch the September 18th Incident? One of the reasons is that it is ideologically driven by the theory of aggression against China. Some politicians gain public support for waging war by advocating these theories. At that time, Northeast China was the largest supplier of raw materials. 1930 Japan imported materials from the northeast of China, accounting for 1 1% of Japan's total annual imports, of which 46% were cast iron, 64% were coal and 76% were beans. Northeast China is also Japan's largest investment place and commodity sales market. 8% of Japanese total exports are imported to the northeast of China. For Japan, which is poor in resources, Northeast China is rich in resources and has great economic benefits. Moreover, the northeast of China is a necessary and important base for Japan to realize its so-called "continental policy" to dominate the world in the future.

The theory of Manchu-Mongolian lifeline was first put forward by Hiroshi Ishihara. He believes that the conflict in the future world is the conflict between eastern civilization and western civilization. As the representative of eastern civilization, Japan is bound to have a so-called "final battle" with western civilization represented by the United States to determine the future direction and pattern of human society. Satomi Ishihara thinks that in this "final battle" contest, Japan is at a disadvantage in strategic position: its land area is small and it has no strategic material resources. In the course of this protracted war, Japan must have a rear base, and this base is Manchuria.

1925, Youko Matsuoka established the "Manchu Lifeline" theory. 1929 12. Matsuoka said at the Pacific investigation meeting: "In the Russo-Japanese War, Japan invested 2 billion yen in Manchuria. This cost can reach 6 billion yen in 10 years. Did China pay back the money? " Then, after Matsuoka became a member of the House of Representatives on 1930, he began to spread the "Manchu Lifeline" inside and outside the House of Representatives, hoping to attack "currency diplomacy". 193 1 In the spring of, Matsuoka wrote in the pamphlet "Full of Turbulence": "For our country, the status of Manchu is not only very important in national defense, but also indispensable in the national economy. In other words, as a practical problem, it exists not only in our national defense, but also in our economy, which can also be said to be the lifeline of our country. ..... China must firmly ensure and stick to this lifeline and not be afraid of any country or anyone. " Before "September 18th", he also vigorously advocated that "Manchuria is the lifeline of Japan" and created a lot of public opinion for Japan's invasion of China.

In March of the same year, Kanto Army's senior staff officer, Masahiro Banyuan, gave a speech at the Japanese Army Infantry School. He claimed: "In the war against Russia, Manchuria and Mongolia were the main battlefields; In the Anti-American War, Manchuria was the source of supply. Thus, in fact, the relationship between Manchuria and Mongolia and the United States, Russian Federation and China is the most important. From this point of view, we can fully understand how important Manchu is in the military. " This speech is not long. This booklet entitled "Meng Man in the Eyes of the Army" spread quickly. At the same time, the Japanese military department issued an order requiring all journalists and speakers to publicize that "Manchuria is Japan's' lifeline' and Japan must include Manchuria"; Anyone who violates this policy will be severely punished. Since then, the theory of "Manchu-Mongolian Lifeline" has quickly become popular in Japan.

4. Economic crisis

Japan has just passed the 1927 financial crisis and was attacked by the world economic crisis. 1929 the world capitalist economic crisis has spread to Japan, which is in an extremely difficult situation because of its island country, lack of resources and narrow domestic market. The reduction of foreign trade has a direct impact on industrial and agricultural production. 1929-1931year, the total industrial output value of Japan decreased by 32.9%. Under the impact of the world economic crisis, the broad masses of workers and peasants in Japan launched an unprecedented strike struggle against landlords in order to survive. 193l, Japan * * * launched 24 15 strikes, breaking the historical record. Lease disputes in rural areas rose from 2478 in 1930 to 3465438 in 34 19. There are hundreds of thousands unemployed people in Japan. If rural areas are included, it is estimated that there are 3 million unemployed people. 1in the autumn of 930, the rice yield was large, but the rice price was reduced to more than half of that of the previous year, which made farmers suffer unprecedented harvest and hunger. In the second year, farmers suffered huge losses due to frost disasters in Hokkaido and northeast China. The whole family committed suicide, betrayed their children, and the school children were short of food, which was everywhere. ⑥

It can be seen that Japan's domestic economy is in depression, and it can't be saved by relying solely on its own country, because it has no resources and no ability. If you can't solve it yourself, you can only ask for help from abroad, but it is useless to ask for help from capitalist countries such as the United States. The United States was busy helping itself, so it had no energy to manage other countries. It cannot be solved by seeking help from other countries. Japan thought of its own foreign investment and wanted to alleviate the domestic economic crisis through the resources obtained from foreign investment.

At that time, most of Japan's foreign investment was concentrated in Manchuria, and more than 70% of Manchuria's foreign investment was Japanese capital. In addition to the Soviet railway in Beiman and its incidental investment, Manchuria can be said to be the exclusive market for Japanese capital. The railway in Manchuria is a cash cow of Japanese imperialism. However, after Zhang in the northeast of China was killed by Japan, his son Zhang Xueliang took over and accepted the leadership of the National Government, thus smashing Japan's plot to make the northeast leaderless by killing Zhang. At that time, Northeast China launched a vigorous anti-Japanese national salvation movement under the organization of patriotic intellectuals in Northeast China. In the anti-Japanese wave, the Northeast authorities promulgated some policies in time, trying to resist Japan's rights and interests in the Northeast and support the people in the Northeast in their anti-Japanese struggle. Nationalist enthusiasm for resisting Japan and saving the nation in Northeast China has never been higher, and Sino-Japanese relations have become tense. Therefore, Japan's railway operation in Manchuria went from bad to worse, and the Japanese chaebol strongly demanded that Manchuria be put under Japanese rule by all means. So as to use the resources and markets in Northeast China to get rid of the economic crisis. In order to get the maximum benefit in the northeast, it is difficult to get it in a short time through politics, and it is also difficult to get it. Besides, the country is in an economic crisis at this time, how can it be obtained through "moderate" political means?

Think of the northeast as a piece of fat meat, but this piece of meat belongs to others, and Japan can only touch it but not eat it. At that time, Japan was starving to death, and there was no food in other places. It was possible to eat human flesh by hunger, let alone a country. At this time, the most feasible way is to invade the northeast by force. In order to launch a war of aggression against the Northeast, Japanese public opinion in the ruling and opposition circles clamored enthusiastically that the Northeast is Japan's lifeline and must be ruled directly by Japan from China. Matsuoka, the former vice president of Manchuria Railway, openly declared: "The Manchu-Mongolian issue is related to the life and death of our country and is the lifeline of our country. This is true for both national defense and the economy. " Coupled with the spread of various acts of aggression against China, people are more willing to believe that the Northeast can change their domestic predicament and improve their lives after facing the hopeless situation of self-help at home. This is also to achieve the goal of Japanese leaders. I want to get resources through war, and at the same time I can divert people's attention.

The September 18th Incident was the product of the opposition between China's patriotism and Japanese patriotism. The September 18th Incident and the subsequent Japanese invasion of China were directly related to the "national madness" and "patriotism" that prevailed in Japan at that time. The background of Japan's invasion of China is very different from the colonial aggression against China calmly planned by the top government officials such as Britain and Russia, which we should pay attention to.

Where the September 18th Incident happened.

On September 18 in the modern history of China, the Japanese Kwantung Army successfully created the "Wicker Lake Incident" and used it as an excuse to further launch the "September 18th Incident". So where did this incident happen?

The "September 18th Incident" refers not only to Shenyang, but also to the whole northeast.

193 10 9 At about midnight 10, under the arrangement of the Japanese Kwantung Army, a detachment of the railway "guard" successfully blew up the Nanman railway track built by the Japanese army near Liutiao Lake in Shenyang. Afterwards, he also blamed China's army, saying that it was bombed by China people. In fact, the Japanese are trying to find any excuse to start invading China.

After that, the Japanese army used this as an excuse to start shelling Shenyang Beidaying aboveboard, which was the famous "September 18th Incident" in China's modern history. The day after the incident, the Japanese army invaded Shenyang, and then successively invaded the three northeastern provinces. Until February of 1932, the whole northeast fell. Therefore, for the "September 18th Incident", it happened in the whole northeast region. After that, the Japanese established the puppet Manchukuo regime in the northeast of China, and began to enslave and colonize the northeast people for 14 years.

For China, this incident made the people of China start War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression in 14. In addition, this incident also marked the beginning of China's social transformation to a colonial, semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. Moreover, it has enabled the Chinese nation to gain unprecedented consciousness and unity.

The influence behind the September 18th Incident.

Start the second world war

The "September 18th Incident" was an important historical event that shocked China and foreign countries in the northeast of China in the early 1930s. It was not only the beginning of Japanese imperialist conquest of China by force, but also the first war of aggression ignited by fascist countries in the world. Its outbreak marked the formation of the origin of the Asian War and the beginning of the Second World War. At the same time, it also broke the relatively stable world pattern formed after the First World War.

The transformation of social nature

After the "September 18th Incident", the northeast of China became a Japanese colony, and Japan's aggression gradually expanded to North China. The social nature of China has changed, and the Chinese nation has gained unprecedented awakening and unity.

Anti-Japanese national unity

The September 18th Incident promptly sounded the alarm to the people of the whole country, "The Chinese nation has reached the most dangerous time!" More and more become China children's knowledge. In the process of deepening the sense of national crisis, the sense of national responsibility has also been rapidly improved and put into practice; Many patriotic intellectuals actively expressed their political views and opinions and called on the people of the whole country to "thoroughly understand the truth of the national tragedy!" "Everyone should be regarded as having close pain with himself, and unite to carry out active struggle and struggle in the spirit of death." The general public and people from all walks of life actively participated in the anti-Japanese national salvation movement in various forms.

The two parties were the two major political parties in China at that time. After the "September 18th Incident", with the unprecedented awakening of the Chinese nation, national unity has been strengthened day by day, and the sense of national mission of the two parties has been rapidly enhanced, which has effectively promoted the re-cooperation between the two parties, from the northeast to the northwest, and finally to the whole of China, and finally created a new situation of unity and common resistance to Japanese imperialist aggression, and achieved national reunification.

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