The first climax of the workers' movement in China is the most representative.

From June 1922 to February 1923, there were more than 300,000 strikes 100, which lasted for 13 months. The first climax of the workers' movement in China began in June 1922, when more than 6,000 sailors went on strike, and later it increased to 654.38+10,000. After 56 days of fighting, the strike won. 1922 1 in may, the first national labor conference was held, and then the labor legislation movement was set off. Under the influence of the Hong Kong seafarers' strike and the promotion of the First National Labor Congress and the labor legislation movement, the national workers' strike struggle has developed rapidly, forming key strike areas such as North District, Wuhan District, Hunan District, Shanghai District and Guangdong District. In the northern strike zone, workers from Changxindian, Shanhaiguan Iron Works on Jingfeng Road, Tangshan Factory on Jingfeng Road, lathe workers on Jingsui Road, workers from Zheng Tai Road and Kailuan Minmetals went on strike. Workers from Hanyang Iron and Steel Plant, Wuchang Section of Yuehan Road, Hankou Yangzi Machinery Factory, Hankou Yingmei Tobacco Factory and Hankou Huayang Factory went on strike twice in Wuhan strike zone. In the strike area of Hunan, the strike of Anyuan Road Mine Workers, Changsha Clay Carpenter Workers and Shuikoushan Lead-zinc Mine Workers was launched. The Shanghai strike zone launched two strikes by Japanese and China cotton mill workers and the Yangtze River Seamen's Union. Guangdong strike zone launched a salt workers' strike and Macao Chinese workers' general strike. 1In February, 923, under the leadership of the China Trade Union Secretariat, railway workers held a "February 27" strike that shocked China and foreign countries, and warlord Wu created the "February 27" tragedy with the support of imperialism. Since then, the national workers' movement has temporarily turned into a low tide.

The causes of various workers' movements are not simple. People don't fight for no reason Before they fought, they must have been greatly oppressed and had to stand up and defend their own interests. A violent movement led by working-class political parties in various countries and attended by working people to overthrow capitalist exploitation, oppression and rule, strive for national liberation and independence, and strive for political rights. Historically, the organizations of the international workers' movement mainly included the International Producer Communication Committee, the Producer Union, International Working Men’s Association, the Second International and the Producer International. Before the establishment of the working-class political party, the workers' movement was widespread, generally referring to the activities organized by workers in order to get better treatment from employers and the government (such as enacting labor laws). These organizations are usually called trade unions. Many intellectuals and political groups also participated in the labor movement. Historically, the workers' movement began in Europe after the industrial revolution and was strongly suppressed by the government at first. Nowadays, the right to rest for two days a week, the minimum wage, paid holidays and shortened working hours were all demands of labor activists at that time. With the rise of international trade and multinational companies, in recent years, the workers' movement has also had the trend of international series.

Most of these primary working-class movements are led by the workers themselves, that is to say, the leaders are self-taught, and they generally put forward some naive views on various issues of history, economy and society. Without comprehensive and meticulous scientific research, these problems can not be clearly investigated. Therefore, these movements generally developed on the edge of scientific progress in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. On the other hand, it is the efforts of the earliest great fantasy writers-Moore (/kloc-a British judge in the 6th century), campanella (/kloc-an Italian writer in the 7th century), Irving, Fourier and Saint-Simon (18,/kloc-a writer in the 9th century)-but this is in. These writers devoted themselves to collecting all the scientific knowledge of their time and put forward: (a) sharply criticizing social inequality, especially the inequality peculiar to bourgeois society (Irving, Fourier, Saint-Simon); (b) The plan to organize an equal society is based on the property system. Because of their work in these two aspects, these utopian socialists are the real pioneers of modern socialism. But their theoretical system has the following weaknesses: (a) The society they envisioned was put forward as an ideal, and it was intended to be built with people's understanding and goodwill at once (hence the term utopian socialism). Therefore, this ideal society has nothing to do with the development of capitalist society itself, which is determined by historical laws. (b) Their explanation of the conditions under which social inequality appears and can be eliminated is not entirely scientific, and it is only based on secondary factors (violence, morality, money, psychology, ignorance, etc.). ), not about the economic and social structure, nor about the interaction between production relations and the development degree of productive forces. It is in these two aspects that Marx and Engels put forward Marxist theory in German Ideology (published in 1846), especially in Manifesto of the Productive Party (published in 1848), which is a decisive progress. Thanks to Marxist theory, the consciousness of the working class is combined with scientific theory at the highest level. The thought of social class and class struggle was not first put forward by Marx and Engels. These thoughts have already existed in utopian socialists and bourgeois writers such as French historians Thierry and Gizzo. However, Marx scientifically explained the origin and development of class, pointing out that the whole history of mankind can be explained by class struggle, especially under what material and knowledge conditions, the division of social class can give way to socialism and classless society.