202 1 National IDD Prevention Day Publicity Materials

May 5th is the National Day for Prevention and Treatment of Iodine Deficiency Disorders. Since 1994, the State Council has designated May 5th as the National IDD Publicity Day in order to strengthen publicity and raise people's awareness of IDD prevention and treatment. I have compiled publicity materials about the National Day for Prevention of Iodine Deficiency Disorders for your reference.

I. 202 1 publicity materials on prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) is a worldwide endemic disease. China is one of the countries with the most serious iodine deficiency disorders in the world, with a population of 525 million, accounting for about 40% of the iodine deficiency disorders in the world and 60% of the iodine deficiency disorders in Asia. At present, there are still 7 million patients with severe endemic thyroid diseases and 6.5438+0.9 million cretinism patients in China, and there are 5.39 million children with mental disabilities under the age of 654.38+0.4.

There are 1.0 1.7 million people with mental retardation in China, and more than 80% of them are caused by iodine deficiency. If preventive measures are not taken, a considerable number of mentally retarded children will be born every year. Iodine deficiency and iodine deficiency disorders

I iodine deficiency and its causes:

It is almost impossible to change the iodine deficiency in the natural environment. Scientists have found in their research that there is indeed a phenomenon that can adjust the distribution of iodine in mysterious nature, that is, the circulation of iodine in nature. Seawater is the place with the most iodine in nature and is the "iodine bank" of nature. Through the evaporation of seawater, some iodine enters the air. Every year, about 400,000 tons of iodine enter the atmosphere and land in the form of rain. Every liter of rain in Chinese mainland contains 1-2 micrograms of iodine. This is how nature "supplements iodine". Compared with the iodine that has been lost, the amount of iodine supplemented is really nine Niu Yi hairs. The amount of "iodine supplementation" is very small and the process is extremely slow. According to the scientific plan, the iodine demand in the soil will be supplemented by rainwater1-more than 2000. Besides. Natural and man-made factors (flood, rain erosion and vegetation destruction) are still causing soil persistence. What else can we do besides travel? Tutoring and coaching beauty salons housework overtime instructions iodine. Therefore, the circulation of iodine in nature will not "naturally correct" iodine deficiency in soil. Once iodine deficiency occurs in the natural environment, it will last for a long time.

We know that food is the main source of iodine in human body. Therefore, iodine deficiency disorders may occur in both rural and urban areas. If the soil in our living environment contains less iodine, plants growing on this soil will also contain less iodine, and all kinds of animals (such as sheep, cattle, dogs and rabbits) who eat low-iodine drinks will also lack iodine. If we eat food and meat with low iodine content for a long time, iodine deficiency will occur, and our health will be affected to a certain extent, and everyone will not be spared, especially children and women. Although most people seem to be "normal", only some people will show obvious pathological conditions-endemic goiter and endemic cretinism. But in fact, this "normality" is a hidden pathological state. Scientists call iodine deficiency disease (IDD) all the adverse effects (pathological conditions) caused by iodine deficiency on human physical and intellectual development.

Second, the harm of iodine deficiency

Iodine deficiency is a serious hazard to human health. The main manifestations of iodine deficiency disorders are:

1, which damages the development of children's brain nerves, manifests as mental deficiency and poor learning ability in different programs, which is the biggest harm of iodine deficiency.

2, endemic goiter, commonly known as thick neck root or big neck disease; Severe iodine deficiency can lead to endemic cretinism. It is deaf, dumb, dull and stupid.

3, leading to fetal death, deformity, deafness or miscarriage, premature delivery.

4. Adult's physical strength and labor ability decline, and children's growth and development are affected.

Scientists have found that women are more prone to iodine deficiency than men. Children and adolescents grow and develop faster, and their bodies need more iodine. Because of physiological reasons, adolescent girls and pregnant women need iodine more, so they are very sensitive to iodine deficiency.

How to judge whether our body is short of iodine can be determined by physical examination of urine iodine or observation of goiter in the hospital.

1. Urine test: The iodine we excrete from urine every day can reflect the iodine level in the body. If you consume more iodine, you will have more iodine in your urine, and your intake of iodine will be reduced. Therefore, urine iodine is the most sensitive indicator to judge how much iodine we eat. If urinary iodine deficiency is found after repeated urine tests, you should seek medical advice in time. Otherwise, after a long time, you may suffer from iodine deficiency, which will do harm to your health.

2. Look at goiter: After children's iodine deficiency lasts for 3-4 months, the thyroid gland will be obviously enlarged, showing "thick neck root" or "big neck". Children grow rapidly and need a lot of iodine, so children are the most sensitive people to iodine deficiency. In China, school-age children aged 8- 10 are the main target population for monitoring iodine deficiency disorders. By regularly checking the goiter of these children and the iodine content in their urine, we can judge the iodine deficiency of the local population.

How to prevent iodine deficiency disorders;

Eating iodized salt is the most economical and effective way to prevent iodine deficiency disorders.

The main source of iodine is the ocean, so seafood is rich in iodine, while the iodine content in general food is very small, and freshwater fish does not contain iodine. Iodine is widely found in seafood and food grown in iodine-rich soil, such as kelp, seaweed and Nostoc flagelliforme. The iodine content of marine fish, shrimp, scallop and sea cucumber is also high. Because iodine mainly comes from the sea, there is a great risk of iodine deficiency among Chinese mainland residents, and iodine is rarely contained in general land food. And there are not many opportunities to eat seafood. Therefore, especially infants, teenagers, pregnant women, lactating women and menopausal women, we should pay special attention to iodine intake.

Key groups of iodine supplementation-children, newly married women, pregnant women and lactating women

What should I pay attention to when using iodized salt?

Because iodine is easy to volatilize in high temperature and humid environment, or when encountering acidic substances such as vinegar, families should pay attention to the following points when purchasing, storing and using iodized salt:

1. Be sure to buy iodized salt packed in small plastic bags with designated trademarks and iodized salt marks. Never buy smuggled salt or no (low) iodized salt at will.

2, don't store it for too long, buy it as you eat.

3. Put it in a covered brown glass bottle or porcelain jar and store it in a cool and dry place away from fire.

4, stir-fry, make soup, and put salt when it is almost cooked.

5. Don't fry iodized salt with oil.

6, pickled pickles must be pickled with iodized salt, do not wash iodized salt. This can ensure that pickles also contain iodine.

In order to avoid the loss of iodine, iodized salt should be added when cooking and cooking soup, and the storage container of iodized salt should be placed in a dark place and covered.

How to distinguish between true and false iodized salt

Family inspection of true and false iodized salt can start with the outer packaging of salt. Qualified iodized salt approved by the salt industry management department has strict requirements on external packaging materials, and the instructions and labels on the packaging are very obvious, and the handwriting is complete and clear. Iodized salt mark:

The symbol of iodized salt refers to the chemical symbol of iodine. The English lowercase letter "I" is imagined as a healthy person with the word "iodine" in his body. The square outside is the crystal structure of salt with the words "food" and "salt" printed diagonally. Neon flashes around the human figure on the laser anti-counterfeiting mark, and there is an arc-shaped color flash point at the bottom of the square.

Special reminder:

Patients with hyperthyroidism and thyroiditis are not suitable to eat iodized salt, and residents living in areas with high iodine content are not suitable to eat iodized salt because of treating diseases. They can buy non-iodized salt from local salt companies.

Short stories:

Legend has it that Napoleon, the famous French king, got a report that a special idiotic disease was prevalent in the southern border of France (now the Swiss Alps), and many family members often became stupid. The king wants to move the whole village to eradicate the disease. At this time, a dedicated young doctor, Guggenheim Beer, heard about it. He bravely set up a local settlement and studied this idiotic disease carefully. He found that there were many idiot patients in the mountains, and they disappeared after dropping to a certain height. Guggenbeier studied the local environmental factors such as water quality and soil, and found that there were obvious differences in iodine content in soil at different altitudes. Later, people realized that the higher the mountain, the more serious the soil was washed by rain, and the less iodine there was. Therefore, iodine deficiency in living environment is directly related to the occurrence of idiot patients.

Two. 202 1 Publicity materials on prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders What is iodine deficiency disorders?

Iodine (chemical symbol I) is an active nonmetallic element with oxidant function. Iodine is high in seawater (50-60 micrograms per liter of seawater), but low in most soils, rocks and water. We call the situation that the iodine content in the natural environment is too low to meet the minimum needs of the human body environmental iodine deficiency. Similarly, human iodine deficiency is called human iodine deficiency.

Iodine is an essential micronutrient to maintain life activities, which is closely related to human growth and metabolism, especially to the development of the brain. A normal adult only needs to get about 150 micrograms of iodine from the outside world every day. When people live in an iodine-deficient environment for a long time and consume less than 50 micrograms of iodine every day, they will show various forms of diseases, such as endemic goiter, endemic cretinism, endemic cretinism and infertility, premature infants, stillbirths and congenital malformations that affect fertility. These diseases are collectively called "iodine deficiency disorders". However, in addition to the above-mentioned diseases, iodine deficiency is more important and common, which affects the brain development of the fetus, leads to mental and physical development disorders of children, causes intellectual damage to the population in iodine-deficient areas and affects the overall quality of the population. China is a country with serious iodine deficiency disorders. Because of its wide distribution and great harm, iodine deficiency disorders have become one of the diseases that the whole society pays attention to and the country eliminates within a time limit.

Iodine and human health

As we know, in the front and lower part of everyone's larynx, there is a gland divided into left and right lobes, which is the thyroid gland. Like pituitary gland and adrenal gland, it belongs to endocrine gland, and what it secretes is collectively called "hormone". The hormone secreted by the thyroid gland is called thyroxine. Although its amount is small, it plays an extremely important role in human growth, development and metabolism. Its main physiological functions are:

1, the most fundamental sign of all living things that maintain life activities is metabolism. Thyroid hormone can promote human metabolism and decompose substances, and provide energy and heat for life activities (keep body temperature).

2. Promote growth and development, and regulate children's bone development, sexual development, muscle development and height and weight during their growth and development;

3. Promoting brain development can promote brain development in a certain period of fetal or infant brain development.

So, why does iodine deficiency cause diseases? The role of thyroid hormone in promoting the growth and development of infants is achieved by promoting cell division and strengthening the synthesis of dna in cells, which can help growth hormone to play its role. Without it, the growth-promoting effect of growth hormone can't be brought into full play. It is worth emphasizing that thyroid hormone is particularly important for the development of the central nervous system and bones of infants. Insufficient thyroid hormone not only makes infants short, but also leads to brain dysplasia and mental retardation, which is called "dementia". It can be seen that thyroid hormone plays an important role in human growth and development. However, the production of thyroid hormone must use iodine as raw material. Once people's intake of iodine from food is reduced, the thyroid gland "processing factory" will "reduce production" because of the lack of "raw materials", which means that the thyroid hormone in the human body will be reduced, thus causing a series of symptoms and harm to the human body, which is the reason for iodine deficiency.

What are the hazards of iodine deficiency?

People who live in iodine-deficient environment for a long time can't get enough iodine, which will lead to the decrease of thyroxine synthesis and secretion and cause a series of injuries.

1. Iodine deficiency in fetuses and infants will lead to different degrees of brain development backwardness and affect intellectual development.

2. Childhood can lead to physical development, sexual development, short stature and muscle weakness.

3, pregnant women can cause miscarriage, premature delivery, stillbirth, fetal congenital malformation, congenital deafness and so on.

5. Iodine deficiency in adulthood will lead to goiter and hypothyroidism.

5。 The most harmful and easily overlooked is the harm of mild iodine deficiency to the intellectual development of fetuses and infants. Patients with mental retardation caused by mild iodine deficiency have the same appearance as normal people, but it is especially difficult to go to school and study in childhood, and their understanding ability and abstract thinking ability are lower than those of children of the same age. Even if they study hard, it's not easy to get good grades. They often repeat grades. When they grow up, they can only engage in simple labor and cannot master complex labor skills and scientific knowledge. Studies have proved that iodine deficiency is the main cause of human mental retardation. Therefore, iodine is often called "intellectual element" and "flower of intelligence" in medicine.

Two key periods of brain development

The timeliness of human brain development is very important. There is a strict timetable for when brain nerve cells develop correspondingly and when they stop developing. The role of thyroid hormone is needed in the whole schedule in order to proceed normally according to the time. This period is called the "critical period" of brain development. If iodine deficiency occurs during this period, it will lead to backward brain development.

There are two critical periods in the development of human brain:

The first critical period is from the third month of pregnancy to before birth, which is called "intrauterine period". This period is mainly the development of brain tissue. Iodine deficiency will affect the proliferation, differentiation and development of fetal brain cells and cause irreversible damage to some brain functions.

The second critical period is from delivery to 2 years old, which is "late life". This period is mainly the development of nerve cells, and iodine deficiency will affect the development of connection and transmission between brain cells, leading to mental retardation, especially the defects of abstract thinking.

In terms of the degree and importance of brain development, intrauterine period is more important than after birth, because a normal, mature and sound brain tissue mainly develops and matures in embryonic period.

How do you know if you are iodine deficient?

The easiest way is to test urine. Newly-married women of childbearing age and pregnant women can have pre-marital and pregnancy tests, while lactating women, infants and school-age children can ask doctors for urine tests when planning immunization. By detecting urine, you can know whether you are iodine deficient in time. If iodine deficiency is found in the body, iodine supplementation measures can be taken in time under the guidance of doctors to avoid fetal intelligence damage; Newly married women of childbearing age can take iodized oil pills before pregnancy to prevent iodine deficiency. In addition, insisting on normal consumption of iodized salt can also effectively prevent iodine deficiency.

The best way to prevent iodine deficiency disorders-edible iodized salt

The cause of iodine deficiency is very clear, which is caused by iodine deficiency. Prevention is the most important measure. The safest and most effective way to prevent iodine deficiency disorders is to eat iodized salt. It is the best method among all kinds of iodine supplementation methods. Therefore, as long as we eat iodized salt correctly, we can prevent iodine deficiency disorders. Edible iodized salt has the following advantages:

1, safe and effective The standard of iodine in table salt in China is 35 mg (15). Eating this iodized salt can ensure the daily iodine requirement of human body. If everyone eats10g of iodized salt every day, they can get 100-300 micrograms of iodine every day (200 micrograms on average), which is enough to meet the physiological needs of human body. This dose will not cause waste, nor will it cause any adverse reactions. Prevention and treatment practice has proved that iodized salt is safe and effective in preventing and treating iodine deficiency disorders. Since the implementation of universal salt iodization in China, most areas have achieved the phased goal of eliminating iodine deficiency disorders.

2, living, long-term lack of iodine due to the external environment, human beings need to supplement iodine for a long time. However, regardless of race, nationality, age and gender, human beings must take in a proper amount of salt every day, so salt is the best carrier to supplement iodine. By eating iodized salt, daily, moderate and long-term iodine supplementation can be guaranteed.

3. It is economical and easy to popularize. Adding iodine to salt will not change the original color and taste of salt. At the same time, it is economical and needs less money. Even for a very poor country, it can solve the problem of preventing and treating diseases with very little money. This iodine supplement method is easy to popularize and persist for a long time, and it is a very effective method.

Problems needing attention in the use of iodized salt

Because iodine is easy to volatilize in a high-temperature and humid environment, or when encountering acidic substances such as vinegar, families should pay attention to the following issues when purchasing, storing and using iodized salt:

1. When buying iodized salt, you should retail iodized salt in regular shopping malls, supermarkets or designated units. Never buy smuggled salt or non-iodized salt from mobile vendors at will.

2, don't store it for too long, buy it as you eat.

3. Put it in a covered brown glass bottle or porcelain jar and store it in a cool and dry place away from fire.

5. When cooking, the soup should be cooked quickly, and the effect of putting salt in the pot is good.

5。 Don't fry iodized salt with oil.

6. Pickled pickles must be pickled with iodized salt, and do not wash iodized salt. Therefore, even when we eat pickles in winter, the whole family can get enough iodine.