What is the specific job of search and rescue dogs?

Next to police dogs, the most respected and praised dog is one of the popular occupations. Search and rescue work is often directly related to saving people's lives or property, so search and rescue dogs (hereinafter referred to as search and rescue dogs) are of great significance.

History of search and rescue dogs

The history of search and rescue dogs can be traced back to 950 AD. In a monastery on the border between Switzerland and Italy, a monk trained a dog, which helped to rescue many people who suffered from snow disaster in this mountainous area. This dog became the first rescue dog in history. The monastery was destroyed by fire in the16th century, so all records were lost. In the following 300 years, it was recorded that search and rescue dogs saved more than 2,500 lives in this area alone. One of the most famous search and rescue dogs in history is called "Bai Rui", who successfully saved more than 40 lives in his life! However, Barry was unfortunately mistaken for a wolf and was shot at 18 14.

The work of search and rescue dogs

Search and rescue dogs have a wide range of work, including searching and rescuing missing persons at the scene of natural disasters such as earthquake ruins, building collapse, avalanches, mountains and water. According to the rescue environment, it can be divided into mountain rescue, water rescue and land rescue. Search and rescue dogs have to undertake search and rescue work at some crime scenes. Specifically, it includes:

1, looking for missing campers, hunters, tourists, etc. In the mountains;

2. Looking for lost mental patients;

3. Looking for missing children;

4. Find and rescue drowning personnel;

5. Look for suspicious areas where people may be buried;

6, looking for someone buried avalanche scene;

7. The scene of a collapsed building where someone may be buried;

8. Identify the project; (For example, if a dress is found at the crime scene and it is suspected that it was left by a criminal, let the dog smell it first, and then let the dog point out which suspect smells like that dress. )

9. Identify the vehicles and articles used by the suspect;

10, identifying human traces at the fire scene.

All kinds of rescue dogs

What kind of dog can be trained as a search and rescue dog? In fact, many breeds of dogs have the ability to be trained as rescue dogs. In principle, as long as it is not particularly small or large, it has a good sense of smell, strong curiosity, enthusiasm for work, strong endurance and good adaptability. Usually, hounds have the potential to become rescue dogs. In addition, there are some special requirements according to the different rescue environment. For example, water rescue dogs not only require dogs to be good swimmers, but also require good physical fitness, so they generally choose some larger dogs, such as Newfoundland dogs; Mountain rescue dogs need good physical fitness and the ability to work in cold climate.

Newfoundland dogs are huge and can weigh up to 68 kilograms. They are native to Newfoundland, Canada, and were originally used to help fishermen fish. Very good at swimming. Now it is used for water rescue and family pets.

Training search and rescue dogs

The training of search and rescue dogs usually takes 1.5 to 3 years, which includes a lot of actual search and rescue training. Trainers of search and rescue dogs should also attend a lot of training at the same time, for example, mastering the use of satellite positioning equipment (cardiopulmonary resuscitation); Red Cross emergency rescue training; Use maps and compasses; Use walkie-talkie communication skills; Survival in the wild; Search and tracking; Safe helicopter ride and so on.

The basic training subjects of dogs include: tracking, that is, tracking and searching according to the smell of missing persons; Regional search, that is, let dogs look for humans in specific areas, and people may be buried underground or in rubble; Traces of corpses, that is, any traces of human beings, including blood, bones, human tissues and so on. ; Searching on water, that is, finding and locating the original discovery site of the body under water; Avalanche search, that is, looking for humans buried under snow by avalanches; Natural disaster search, that is, looking for survivors in various natural disaster locations.

Training also includes taking various means of transportation, such as helicopters, to adapt the dog to various means of transportation.

Search and rescue dogs should rest every 30 minutes 10 minutes, so as to ensure the quality of work.

In recent years, search and rescue dogs have been used more and more widely, such as in terrorist incidents and earthquake rescue. After the 9. 1 1 disaster in the United States, more than 300 professional and volunteer search and rescue dogs participated in the search and rescue work of the World Trade Center. Although no survivors were found, the tenacious efforts of the search and rescue dogs and their owners won high praise and respect.

China search and rescue dog

There were no rescue dogs in China before. On April 27th, 20001year, China National Earthquake Disaster Emergency Rescue Team, also known as China International Rescue Team, was established. The rescue team was composed of officers and men of the China People's Liberation Army Engineering Corps, earthquake experts and medical rescuers, and then a search and rescue dog team was established. Sogou team has 13 sogou, which consists of German shepherd, Canadian Labrador and Belgian shepherd. These special search and rescue dogs came to China when they were eight months old and became the first search and rescue dogs in China.

After nearly two years' training, six search and rescue dogs were ordered to go to the police 15 hours after the Jiashi-Bachu earthquake in Xinjiang on February 24 this year, and the search task was successfully completed. This is the first time that China has used rescue dogs for earthquake rescue.

With the improvement of our country's understanding of working dogs and the expansion of their application scope, the contribution of dogs, especially working dogs, and their close emotional relationship with human beings will be recognized and accepted by more and more people in our country.

Police dog;

It is very difficult to train by yourself, because the gestures are still not standard. Besides, you have to pay a lot of energy and time. My dog was sent outside for training. When I came back, I didn't do some movements with standard gestures, and I formed a bad habit, that is, I like to smell, but now I am fine.

Basic concept of dog training

(1) praise and moved.

The purpose of training is "teaching", not "scolding". The best way is to praise and pet often, so that dogs can understand the happy mood of their owners.

(2) The password should be clear.

In order to make dogs understand and remember, it is best to use short and clearly pronounced sentences in training, and it is not advisable to repeat them. When giving orders, avoid being loud or angry. Because dogs are very sensitive, the above practice will make dogs gradually associate being scolded with training. In addition, the same password should use different tones for dogs with different temperaments. For example, people who are "squatting down" should command neurotic dogs gently or heartily, and lively dogs should command loudly and flatly. Breeders should choose different ways according to the dog's personality.

(3) Avoid unnecessary praise

Praise for dogs should be limited to when they are obedient. If you praise a dog easily, it will be confused. He doesn't know when he will get a compliment. In this way, it is difficult to carry out key training.

(4) Correct in time.

When the dog wants to do something "not allowed", he should stop it loudly and decisively. If you scold him afterwards, the dog won't understand the reason and will continue to do things that can't be done. What's more, if dogs are often reprimanded for unknown reasons, they will gradually distrust their owners and stop listening to their orders.

(5) put an end to corporal punishment.

It is the most unacceptable way to force dogs to obey by corporal punishment. Like any animal, dogs are very alert to people. From the dog's point of view, being beaten and kicked for unknown reasons can only create the impression of being "abused". If it is a very powerful owner, the dog may obey because of fear. However, dogs growing up in this environment are extremely unsafe, sometimes attacking weak children or the elderly, and even biting people. Therefore, when dogs disobey orders and shoot a water gun at the dog's face at the same time, most dogs will be quiet.

Training anytime, anywhere

Training is not limited by time. Dogs should be patiently taught what to do and what not to do in daily life such as walking, eating and visiting.

Never give up.

Dogs are not animals that can be taught once or twice and immediately remembered and followed. It needs to gradually form memory in the process of continuous training. Therefore, the breeder needs patience and constant training.

Cultivation adaptability

Dogs often avoid things they don't like, or bark at them, or simply destroy them. This sometimes brings great trouble to the host. In this case, first of all, be patient, don't be impatient, let the dog get close to what it doesn't like, and at the same time, keep talking to it in a gentle voice to calm it down. If you beat and scold the dog at this time, it will make the dog hide further. In addition, keeping the dog away from things and places it doesn't like can only increase the distress of the breeder, and there is nothing the breeder can do.

(9) Don't compare with other dogs

Dogs have different abilities. Therefore, it is necessary to train at a speed suitable for them, and never compare with other dogs, thus thinking that "our dog's understanding is really poor." Have faith in your dog.

(10) Ask an expert.

In the process of training, if you encounter any difficult problems, please consult experts or veterinarians at any time.

Sit the dog down.

Sit-down training needs to be carried out in a special place where only the owner and the dog are present, so that the dog's attention can be completely focused on the owner. If there are other things that distract the dog, it will be difficult to train. The dog didn't understand the password "sit down" at first. So at first, the owner will help the dog do it together.

In advance, the owner crouched on the right side of the dog, his right hand pressed against the dog's chest, his left hand gently pressed on the dog's back, and exerted pressure from his tail to make the dog sit down. While the left hand is doing this series of actions, the right hand gently pushes the dog's chest and gives the password of "sit down".

However, the action of the owner's hands is an auxiliary means to teach the dog to sit down, and the "sit down" password made at the same time is to let the dog understand what "sit down" is about. At this time, if the dog can personally complete the "sit down" action, give it a compliment immediately. The second time, when the dog's ass is close to the ground, give it a compliment. In the future, we will gradually seize the opportunity to praise the dog after it has completely completed this action.

After a few days, without this series of auxiliary means, the dog will sit down as long as he puts his left hand on the dog's back when making the password. Soon, dogs can even do this with passwords.

But some dogs are too active, and the above methods have no effect. There is no need to repeat the password at this time, and don't scold the dog. Put your right hand under the dog's neck. While the left hand tries to make the dog sit down, the right hand gently pushes the dog's neck back. Or hold the collar with your right hand and pull it back when you enter the password. At this time, hold down the dog's tail with your left hand, don't let it swing from side to side, and then let it sit down hard.

When training "sitting down", if you repeat the same action five times in a row, the dog may get bored. Therefore, some new methods should be used. For example, let the dog sit down by itself. Take an object that the dog likes, start with the dog's nose and move backwards. As the owner's hand moves, the dog's head gradually rises. When it can't lift any more, it will sit down.

In addition, if the dog stands up again when the owner praises it, you can't scold it or command it at this time. Let the dog feel that training is a happy thing. Only in this way can the training achieve better results.

Remember, it takes a long time just to remember the password. Too high expectations of the owner often confuse the dog.

Correct the dog's bad habits

In a limited family environment, even the cutest dog may develop a habit that annoys and displeases its owner. Obedience training for dogs from an early age can prevent bad habits, and it is easier to prevent them before they happen than to correct them after they happen. If you find that some behaviors of your dog are harmful, you have to go back and do some basic training and adopt a mutually acceptable correction method to make your dog obey. Remember, dogs don't deliberately do bad things to reward their owners: this characteristic that humans like to use punishment means doesn't apply to dogs.

1. Puppies are often destructive guys, especially like to bite things, such as furniture and slippers. At this time, you have to leave it alone at home. Puppies will be unhappy because of loneliness, or bite people to pass the time. The way to correct it is simple, as long as the dog is confined to a small area so that it can't destroy things. For example, you can put it in a cage. Doing so can make the dog feel safe. If it can be accompanied by the sound of radio or TV, it would be better to give it some toys or bite bones. This kind of confinement of dogs can only be temporary, so you should exercise more and pay more attention when you go back. Of course, once you find it yourself, you can immediately shout, "No!" " Then flick the tip of its nose to show punishment.

2. Greedy dogs Some dogs are like "scavengers". They eat whatever they see. Every time you succeed in stealing food, you will deepen this bad habit and even become a habitual thief. The method of correction is also very simple. Just teach the dog to sit down before eating and put the food in the bowl every time he feeds it. Don't feed it directly from other plates or tables. Once it knows how to obey the rules, it won't eat behind your back. However, as a preventive measure, it is best to put tempting food where dogs can't find it.

3. Some male dogs have strong sexual desire. When their sexual desire is restricted, they may climb on people's legs or on furniture. This often happens to male dogs of one to two years old. At this time, you can use a sprayer or a water gun to spray water on the dog to distract it, and you should take some restraint measures immediately to let the dog know that this is a bad behavior. Castration is completely avoidable.

Lonely dogs often have an anxiety about loneliness. If you are alone at home, nervous dogs often growl or even bark. This is especially true for dogs that were not properly taken outdoors as puppies. Some dogs that have transferred several owners will do the same. This kind of puppy is very pitiful. You can give your dog some special treatment before you leave home, such as rubbing your dog's favorite toy in your hand and then giving it a delicious animal bone marrow. When you leave home, be careful not to disturb and irritate it. If you put the dog in a cage, it will feel safe instead.

No matter big dogs, medium dogs or small dogs, they are interested in garbage and like to drill into garbage dumps or trash cans. This is a foraging habit inherited from our ancestors. Puppies are so fond of digging treasures that the ground is littered with rubbish. If you have a puppy at home, be sure to use a covered trash can with heavy objects on it; Or simply isolate it so that it can't be touched. Of course, once found on the spot, we must stop it in time, reprimand it loudly, and let it escape with its tail between its legs.

6. Don't let it get into the habit of sleeping on tables and chairs. Correct it as soon as you see it jump on the master's throne, otherwise it will be difficult for it to go to bed.

7. Because dogs are naturally fond of chasing, it is unsafe and easy to cause trouble if they get into the habit of chasing cars, motorcycles, bicycles, postmen and passers-by. At this time, suddenly the rope around its neck was stretched, and then it was pulled back hard and reprimanded at the same time. If it doesn't work, knock on the back with a rope. If it doesn't work, pull and tap your nose.

8. lick the things on the ground, immediately open the dog's mouth, dig out the things, scold it severely and hit it on the chin. At the same time, we should pay attention to whether we are not full. It is best to develop the habit of not eating outside, which is beneficial to the safety of dogs and avoids food poisoning.