What are the characteristics of the body of an aviation bomb?

The main function of the projectile is to hold explosives. Just looking at the function of the container, the missile body should be as thin, light and large as possible in theory, and the cylindrical container has the above advantages, so the missile body is generally similar to a cylinder. For example, China's 500-2 aviation blasting bomb uses10mm thick cast steel cylinder, while 250- 1 is 8mm.

Although the function of the projectile is simple, in order to withstand various external forces, the problems such as disintegration in the air, premature cracking in contact with the ground and insufficient penetration must be eliminated in the design, so careful design is indispensable. Mk84 aerial bomb is widely used in many local wars in the United States. Its cast steel body is thin and light according to aerodynamic design, and its charge is as high as 45% of the total weight of the bomb, thus increasing its lethality.

Most of the weight of ordinary aerial bombs is spent on the body. For example, the filling factor of the old 250kg aerial bomb in China is only 38%. Of course, this does not mean that we should blindly pursue high filling factor. Too light projectile may make the strength of aviation projectile insufficient, so the actual demand of projectile fragments with the best killing efficiency should be considered.

Aviation bombs can be roughly divided into two types: low resistance type and high resistance type. Low-drag aviation bombs have streamlined spindle-shaped or spherical cylinders, and their wings are small and swept back, so they are suitable for high-speed fighters and attack aircraft to carry.

High-resistance aerial bombs (such as Ф A б-M54 series produced in Russia and 250- 1 type produced in China, etc.). ) the appearance is blunt and the air resistance is large, so it is not suitable for high-speed aircraft. At the same speed, the resistance of low-resistance aerial bombs is generally a fraction of that of high-resistance aerial bombs of the same weight class, even110. However, the high-resistance aerial bomb can make full use of the volume of the bomb bay inside the bomb body and still has great practical value. It should be pointed out that high-resistance aerial bombs are usually heavier, more charged and more powerful than low-resistance aerial bombs of the same weight class.

Interestingly, from the data pictures, Russian high-speed fighters often carry high-resistance missiles. The U.S. military's general aviation bomb has achieved overall low reactance. China also divides some aerial bombs into medium resistance aerial bombs, and as the name implies, the resistance is between high and low.

Some aerial bombs have anti-rebound devices at the front end of their surfaces. Without this device, the bomb would sometimes bounce off the target when it was thrown at low altitude and high speed. In order to solve the problem of ricochet, in addition to the anti-rebound device, we can also use the instantaneous trigger fuse. In addition, the heads of China's 3000- 1 and Russian Ф A б-M62 high-resistance aerial bombs are also equipped with ballistic rings to ensure the stability of the falling trajectory.

On the surface, the head and tail of the plane bomb seem to be a whole with the body. In fact, the head and tail of most aircraft bombs are independent parts separated from the body. In order to fill explosives, there are holes in the head and tail of the projectile, which are sealed with threaded metal covers after installation. The front cover of the earth-penetrating bomb should be made of high-strength materials. For example, the US military uses a 203mm howitzer barrel as the body of a ground penetrating bomb.

In terms of materials, steel has the advantages of firmness, low cost and simple processing, so the body of aviation bombs is usually made of cast iron or cast steel, especially ductile iron. Therefore, projectiles often show obvious casting characteristics and rough ripple patterns.

Generally speaking, the manufacturing technology of projectiles is relatively simple. But there is still a lot of knowledge in it, especially the body of a large aviation bomb can't be built without a certain accumulation of technologies such as smelting, machining and aerodynamics. For example, the manufacturing problem of the middle section and tail cone of China 3000-2 aerial bomb has long puzzled manufacturers. Some shells also use the design of prefabricated fragments such as notches to improve the various characteristics of fragments produced by explosion.

In recent years, high-strength aluminum alloy has also been applied to projectiles, resulting in more fragments, lighter and faster, and the total weight of projectiles is also smaller. South Africa uses glass fiber materials embedded with steel balls to make pellets. Special aviation bombs (such as anti-tank bombs and submunitions) have different functions. Light metal, plastic and other materials can be used, and the shape is not necessarily streamlined.

The weight, purpose, number and other information are marked on the missile body with characters and color stripes, and there are often huge news pictures on the US military website to show these details. Bombs used in American military training are generally blue.

There is a ring-shaped part called "spring ear" on the bomb body. When hanging the bomb on the bomb rack, clip two ears into the hook on the bomb rack and the bomb will be firmly hung on it. The distance between lugs and the diameter of lug holes should be standardized as much as possible, or the bomb should be equipped with replaceable lug adapter components. For countries that rely on or used to rely on imported aviation bombs, the standardization of bomb ears is often a long-standing problem.

Due to the long storage period of aviation bombs, they have not been eliminated or exhausted for a long time after being equipped, and the standards of various old and new aviation bombs in stock are different. With the passage of time, the standard itself will develop and improve, and the lug distance required by China Tu -4 bomber is different from that of H -5 bomber.

For this reason, some types of aerial bombs must meet the specific conditions of new and old aircraft at the same time, so the 250-2 and other aerial bombs have both the old standard ear hook suitable for Figure -4 and the new three-ear hook suitable for H -5. Of course, "new" means at that time.

Some aviation bombs have special structures, such as the Russian 3 б-500 incendiary bomb, which is olive-shaped, with a thin metal shell, only a reinforced structure at the ear of the bomb, a fuel filler cap on the side, a fuse in the center of the bomb body and no tail. The "maverick" design of 3б-500 bullet body accords with the characteristics of its incendiary bomb.