Environmental protection knowledge and pictures .. urgent. ...

In 2005, an "environmental storm" broke out in the mainland of China, and 30 projects under construction with a total investment exceeding 1 179 billion yuan were stopped by the State Environmental Protection Administration, including three projects of the Three Gorges Corporation, which are also ministerial units. The reason is that these projects have not undergone environmental impact assessment and belong to illegal projects that have not been approved for construction.

Environmental Deterioration There is no turning back for China's environmental problems, which did not start today. As early as 1990s, the problem of environmental pollution was very serious. For example, the Huaihe River Basin. In the 1990s, five types of water quality accounted for 80%, and the whole Huaihe River was like a huge sewage ditch all the year round. 1995, the economic loss caused by environmental pollution reached187.5 billion yuan.

According to the calculation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the losses caused by environmental pollution and ecological destruction have accounted for 15% of the total GDP, which means 9% economic growth on the one hand and 15% loss rate on the other. Environmental problems are not only the problem of sustainable development in China, but also the devil that devours economic achievements.

At present, China's desertified land has reached more than 2.674 million square kilometers; The cultivated land and homes of nearly 400 million people in 47/kloc-0 counties in China 18 provinces and autonomous regions are threatened by desertification to varying degrees, and desertification is still increasing at a rate of more than 10000 square kilometers per year.

Among the seven major water systems, the water quality with no use value has exceeded 40%. More than 400 of the 668 cities in China are short of water. Many of them are caused by water pollution. For example, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province is located at the intersection of Yongjiang River, Yaojiang River and Fenghua River. However, due to water pollution, when the water is most scarce, it is necessary to rely on water tankers to run around the clock to transport the water from rural rivers to various enterprises in the city.

The average industrial added value of China is 6,543,800 yuan, which requires 330 cubic meters of water consumption and produces 230 cubic meters of sewage. Every time a GDP of 654.38 billion yuan is created, 288,000 tons of wastewater will be discharged. There is also a lot of domestic sewage. More than 80% of them will be directly discharged into rivers without treatment, otherwise there will be no water available in China in 10.

The urban population of China13 breathes seriously polluted air, and the land of13 is eroded by acid rain. In economically developed Zhejiang Province, the acid rain coverage rate has reached 100%. The frequency of acid rain is 1 1% in Shanghai and 12% in Jiangsu. In central China and some southern cities, such as Yibin, Huaihua, Shaoxing, Zunyi, Ningbo and Wenzhou, the frequency of acid rain exceeds 90%.

The maximum allowable emission of sulfur dioxide for basically eliminating acid rain pollution in China is120,000 ~140,000 tons. In 2003, the national sulfur dioxide emissions reached 265,438 0.587 million tons, an increase of 65,438 0.02% compared with 2002, of which industrial emissions increased by 65,438 0.04.7%. At the current rate of economic development. As well as the way and intensity of pollution control, by 2020, the sulfur dioxide emitted by thermal power plants alone will reach more than 2 1 10,000 tons, and the total emission will exceed the atmospheric environmental capacity 1 times, which will be a serious disaster to the ecological environment and people's health.

65438127 October, it was predicted at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, that the sudden environmental crisis in human history would probably cause the greatest damage to the economic and social system in the near future if it was not rectified.

There is a saying that pollution control is in a dilemma. In order to improve the environment while developing the economy, the investment in environmental protection must reach more than 0.5% of 65438+GDP. However, this is under the condition that environmental protection is already very good. In China, according to Shanghai's experience, in order to effectively manage the environment, the investment in environmental protection must account for more than 3% of GDP. In the past 20 years, China's annual investment in environmental protection was 0.5% in the first half of 1990s, and only a little more than 1% in recent years. Environmental protection is a kind of "luxury consumption", with large investment and small contribution to GDP. Therefore, some special funds originally used for environmental protection have also been used for other purposes.

At present, China is in a dilemma on environmental issues: without governance, the future cannot be guaranteed; If we really want to manage it, we need large-scale investment, and the immediate economy is unbearable.

It has been calculated that the enterprises around Dianchi Lake in Yunnan Province have only created several billion yuan of output value in the past 20 years, but it takes at least tens of billions of yuan to initially restore the water quality of Dianchi Lake, which is the fiscal revenue of Yunnan Province for one year. Small paper mills in the Huaihe River Basin have a cumulative output value of only 50 billion in 20 years. However, to control the pollution caused by it, even if the main stream reaches the minimum irrigation water standard, it needs to invest 300 billion yuan. It will not only take a terrible number, but also take at least 100 years to restore the three types of water quality in the 1970 s.

From the microscopic point of view, in the past 20 years, domestic manufacturing industry can only tap its potential in two aspects: first, wages, and second, environmental protection, without relying on technological progress to reduce energy consumption and costs. The simplest, such as cement production, needs to increase the 8 yuan cost per ton of cement, accounting for 5% of the ex-factory price of cement. The textile industry discharges more than10 billion cubic meters of wastewater every year. If it is to be treated, it needs 1.2~ 1.8 yuan per ton. Increase the production cost by 5%. And most enterprises simply don't have that high profit rate. Therefore, we can only fight guerrilla warfare on environmental protection issues: either we don't build any wastewater treatment facilities, or we put sewage into the treatment pool during the day and discharge it into the river at night when no one is around, which can save a lot of money. In the disorderly competition in the market, this 5% cost. It often determines the profit and loss, life and death of an enterprise.

The "two highs and one low" in China's environmental law enforcement-high law-abiding cost, high law-enforcement cost and low illegal cost-also contributed to this tendency. Under normal circumstances, the environmental protection department needs 500,000 yuan to collect evidence for an illegal smuggling incident, and the fine that eventually falls on the illegal enterprise is only 50,000 yuan, including the so-called "environmental storm" that is blowing fiercely.

Some mega-power station projects with investment of several billion yuan started construction without authorization in violation of the EIA, and the final fine was only 200,000 yuan. For a project with an investment of over 1 100 million yuan, the fine of 200,000 yuan is only 9 Niu Yi cents. How strong is this punishment for illegal activities? Therefore, the environmental protection law has always been called the "tofu law".

An environmental storm will involve hundreds of thousands of enterprises, which will inevitably lead to bankruptcy of a large number of enterprises, unemployment of a large number of people, a substantial increase in enterprise costs, and the domestic price index will quickly break through double digits. Therefore, both macro and micro costs are actually unbearable.

Four factors hinder the huge resistance of environmental governance to environmental protection departments in the process of law enforcement. Pan Yue, deputy director of the State Environmental Protection Administration, summed up four reasons:

First of all, some places don't have a deep understanding of Scientific Outlook on Development and simply pursue economic growth. Some projects with high energy consumption and heavy pollution, such as small smelting, small ferroalloy and small chemical industry, which are explicitly prohibited, have actually shown a spreading trend in some places.

Secondly, in attracting investment, some local governments unilaterally emphasize simplifying examination and approval and handling relevant procedures within a time limit. No matter whether the project will be polluted or not, as long as the investment is approved. In some places, there are illegal phenomena such as "the will of the head" and "getting on the bus first and buying tickets later" in the environmental impact examination and approval of construction projects.

Third, the quality of environmental impact assessment needs to be improved. Some EIA units do not insist on scientific evaluation, dare not speak with objective facts and scientific data, and the evaluation conclusions are vague and ambiguous. They pushed the conclusion of the environmental feasibility of the project to the examination and approval department, and even a few EIA units falsified, fabricated or tampered with data, or concealed facts, which seriously affected the implementation of the environmental impact assessment system, made the environmental impact assessment a mere formality, and lost the minimum scientific and fair nature of the third-party consulting agency.

Finally, information disclosure and public participation are insufficient. China's current environmental impact assessment system is dominated by the government, and it is obviously not enough to supervise a large number of construction projects with limited government power.

In fact, the resistance encountered by EIA is driven by the economic interests behind it.

Set off a real "environmental storm"

China is a big country with little room for manoeuvre in the environment, and it is also a rising country after the global resources and markets are basically divided up. It is impossible for China, like some pioneer countries, to wait until the environment is extremely bad.

However, China is also a developing country, and China is bound to develop its economy first and then control pollution.

The history of all countries in the world shows that there is a similar law between economic growth and environmental change: in the process of industrialization, a country will have a period of rapid growth of environmental pollution with GDP, especially in the era of heavy chemical industry; However, when GDP grows to a certain extent, with the upgrading of industrial structure, residents' willingness to pay for the environment increases. After reaching the turning point, the pollution level will suddenly drop with the growth of GDP until the pollution level returns to below the environmental capacity. This is the so-called environmental Kuznets curve, which was the law of Japan's development in that year.

There is no doubt that it is impossible for China to cross such an era of heavy chemical industry. Because China has a large population and a large country, it is impossible for Finland to directly enter the high-tech era with the help of global division of labor under the condition of underdeveloped manufacturing.

In the late 1990s, the author returned to his hometown in southern Jiangsu. When I was a child, the scene that the river was clear and I could reach four townships and eight towns by boat was gone forever. To my surprise, the main factor causing this situation is the most common domestic garbage. In China, even if the industry is underdeveloped, the pollutants brought by population growth are enough to make the environment worse to an unbearable degree. Even if we want to control such pollution, we need a lot of investment and economic foundation.

China has a long way to go in pollution control, so it needs to act according to law to stop the occurrence of vicious environmental incidents and slow down the pace of environmental deterioration.

1. What food does green food mean? (3)

A, vegetables, fruits b, green food c, safe and pollution-free food d, foods with rich nutritional value.

2. Which of the following is garbage that can be recycled? (3)

A recycling waste plastics b recycling leftovers c recycling waste paper d recycling biological waste.

3. Which leader initiated environmental protection in China? (4)

A, Mao Zedong B, Liu Shaoqi C, Deng Xiaoping D, Zhou Enlai

4. Which of the following is not environmental pollution? (1)

A, biological pollution B, food pollution C, noise pollution D, soil pollution

5. What are the three aspects of environmental status assessment?

A, environmental pollution assessment b, ecological assessment c, aesthetic assessment. Land quality evaluation

6, China acid rain area of land area (B)

A.20% B 40% C 30%

7. Choose phosphorus-free washing powder (B).

A. Protect clothes B. Prevent pollution C. Protect your hands

8. Wetland protection is an important field of environmental protection and a hot spot of international nature protection; World Wetlands Day is an annual activity: (c).

A.B February 2 C. February 2

9. The largest nature reserve in China (C).

A. Kanas Lake Reserve B. Tianchi Reserve C. Altun Mountain Reserve

10, Bayinbuluke Swan National Reserve is (b) the most concentrated breeding ground for the big swan.

A. China b World c Asia

1 1. The battery of section 1 can make a square meter of land lose its use value forever, and a button cell can pollute (C)A. 1 cubic meter of water B. 1000 cubic meter of water C.6000 cubic meter of water.

12, the emblem of china wildlife conservation association is (b).

A. Red-crowned crane B. Giant panda C. Camel

13, known as the mysterious wonderland of Xinjiang, is a (a) national nature reserve.

A. Hanas B. Tianchi C. Altun Mountain

14, which of the following is wrong: (c)

A. Three waste lunch boxes can make a student ruler.

B. After the discarded cans are dissolved, 100% can be recycled for countless times to create new cans.

C. waste glass cannot be recycled.

15, national key protected wild plants (1).

A.b. Critical and non-critical levels C. Levels I, II and III

16, in order to protect the blue sky, when we go out, we should (c).

A. Try to choose comfortable means of transportation. B. use private cars. C. try to choose public transportation.

17, reduce "white pollution" We should (a)

A. consciously use less plastic packaging bags that are difficult to degrade. Throw plastic rubbish everywhere.

C. try to use plastic products.

18, environmental changes caused by environmental factors refers to (a)

A. Environmental impact B. Environmental improvement C. Environmental transformation

19. When using the copier, the high-voltage part of the copier reacts with air to generate ozone (B).

A. there is no impact. B. it is harmful to human health. C. it is beneficial to human health.

20. The objects of environmental monitoring are: (a)

A. atmosphere, water, soil, biology and noise

B. Atmosphere, city appearance, soil, biology and noise

C. atmosphere, traffic, soil, biology and noise

2 1. At present, human society is facing one of the six major environmental problems: (b)

A. deterioration of ecological environment B. environmental problems caused by deterioration of ecological environment and development of new resources

C. Development of new resources

22, China established (c) as the basic national policy.

A. National unity B. Poverty alleviation C. Environmental protection

23. The biosphere generally refers to the relationship and influence between the boundary circle of the biological system and the natural boundary circle formed by (b).

A. Humans and animals B. Humans, animals and plants C. Animals and plants

24,21century is (c) century.

A. Science and technology B. Economy C. Environmental protection

25, with the development of green consumption movement, the world has gradually formed the lifestyle of (B).

A. Pursuing fashion destroys the environment B. Protecting the environment and advocating nature C. Protecting the environment and blindly consuming.

Advantages and disadvantages of using disposable chopsticks and plastic tableware in restaurants and restaurants

A: Pro: Hygiene, not easy to get infected with various diseases.

Disadvantages: Plastic tableware is not easy to handle, resulting in "white pollution". Disposable chopsticks waste a lot of wood. In the long run, it will destroy the forest and ecological environment.

Conclusion: The disadvantages outweigh the advantages and should be stopped.

(4) Answer the question first

1. What do you mean by "three wastes" in industry and "three wastes" in life?

Answer: Industrial "three wastes" refer to waste gas, waste water and waste residue;

The "three wastes" of life are the production of feces, garbage and sewage.

Do you know what two kinds of food pollution can be roughly divided according to its pollution nature?

Answer: A, biological pollution B, chemical pollution

3. What are the main pesticides that cause harm to human body through contaminated food?

A: organochlorine pesticide B, organophosphorus pesticide C and organomercury pesticide.

4. What are the main soil pollutants in China? (The whole class raises their hands to answer)

A: Pesticides and heavy metals (especially cadmium).

5. What are the "five poisons" substances often mentioned in water pollution?

A: Phenol, cyanide, mercury, chromium and arsenic.

6. At present, about 654.38+08 billion people in the world get sick from drinking water contaminated by organisms. Do you know what diseases are mainly caused by drinking these polluted water? (At least 4 correct answers)

A: There are dysentery, injury, collateral injury, cholera, polio, infectious hepatitis, schistosomiasis, fasciitis and so on.

7. What are the ways of water pollution? (Answer at least 3 kinds)

Answer: Urban sewage, industrial wastewater, farmland containing pesticides, fertilizers and organic matter, atmospheric deposition, radioactive deposition and acid rain.

8. What are the five most harmful gases to green plants?

A: Nitric oxide, ethylene, chlorine, fluoride and sulfur dioxide.

9. What are the main types of environmental pollution?

Answer (1) air pollution (2) water pollution (3) soil pollution (4) food pollution (5) radioactive pollution (6) noise pollution.

10. Smoking is harmful to health. Do you know the main carcinogens and radioactive substances contained in cigarettes?

A: Nicotine; Polonium -2 10,

1 1. What are the main sources of environmental noise?

A: Transportation, industrial production, construction and social life.

Teenagers' participation in urban environmental protection

The environment gave it everything without reservation, and human beings were born, multiplied and developed by its supply. In today's increasingly serious environmental pollution, it is time for us to do something for the environment.

Ancient philosophers in China repeatedly emphasized that harmony with the environment is the supreme virtue. Gorky once said, "It is better to give than to receive." These words contain profound philosophy. If human beings want to develop, they must protect the environment. Otherwise, environmental pollution will become a stumbling block to human progress. Only when we ask the environment for it, can we repay it twice, so that we can live in harmony with the environment and help each other.

We can sum up seven major pollutions in the city.

I. Air pollution

Second, water pollution.

Third, noise pollution.

Four, solid waste pollution

Five, electromagnetic radiation pollution

Sixth, thermal pollution.

Seven, bedroom environmental pollution

In addition, there are still problems such as small green area and "crowded" cities.

In fact, the existence of these pollutions is obvious to all our urban residents, and they suffer greatly. What we teenagers must do is to participate in urban environmental protection. I think it can be divided into two steps, consciousness and action.

Consciousness is very important because it guides people's actions. We must be aware of the importance of environmental protection. Because the environment is closely related to human beings, if we take too much from the environment and do not cherish it at all, we will be punished by the environment. And some disasters and destruction, once caused, are difficult to make up; Once the environment is seriously polluted, it is much more difficult to restore its original appearance than to protect it now. So if you don't protect the environment now, you will know how to cherish it in the future and regret despair. Too late! We should put environmental protection into practice for the sustainable development of mankind.

The action to protect the environment needs everyone's participation. No matter how big or small the power is, everyone should start from himself and from his side.

Love the environment as much as your home and wealth.

Teenagers should start with practical little things, as follows:

1. Promote environmental protection knowledge regularly.

2. plant a tree every year

3. Save the draft paper without disposable tableware.

4. Walk lightly and don't litter.

5. Firmly support environmental protection products.

6. Recover useful wastes and dispose of toxic garbage.

Environmental protection has a long way to go, and it can't be done overnight. Teenagers should adhere to environmental protection and let the environment develop better and more stably with our growth.

Protect the earth, starting with me.

Throughout the ages, Mother Earth has raised countless generations of children and grandchildren with sweet milk. It turned out that she was beautifully decorated by junior students. However, now human beings have tortured her to death for their own interests. There is only one earth for mankind; The earth is facing a serious environmental crisis. "Save the Earth" has become the strongest voice of people all over the world.

I feel heartache for the deterioration of the surrounding environment. I think: if teenagers, as future successors, don't understand the composition of human environment and the seriousness of environmental problems, ignore the laws and regulations on environmental protection, don't enhance their awareness of environmental protection, and don't consciously fulfill their obligations to protect the environment, our lives will be destroyed in their own hands, and God will severely punish us. To this end, I am determined to start from myself, protect the environment, protect our homeland and be a guardian of the environment.

In the past year, I actively participated in the tree planting activities carried out by the school, led the class cadres of our Senior One (6) Squadron to set up a "Green Angel" tree planting and green protection group, encouraged the team members to adopt a small sapling on campus, and used their spare time to decorate it carefully, laying the foundation for it to grow into a towering tree. In the signature activity of "Let the Earth Be Full of Life" organized by the school, I solemnly signed my name on it, writing down my determination and expectation for environmental protection and my vision for a better future. I actively participated in the prize-winning essay-writing activities held by the school in World Environment Day, carefully consulted and collected various materials, conducted social surveys, and wrote articles on environmental governance. I often take part in environmental protection lectures organized by the school, watch environmental protection videos, actively participate in environmental protection knowledge quiz activities, and fill in each question carefully. I participated in the website construction of "Green Team with Red Scarf", and posted many pictures and knowledge about environmental protection, as well as legal knowledge about various aspects of environmental protection, the development trend of environmental protection in China, and the environmental protection situation around the world. Every month, I will use the internet and newspapers to find some latest "environmental information" with different themes and sections to tell you; We also make some publicity boards regularly to publicize environmental protection knowledge and common sense of life. Raise everyone's awareness of environmental protection; Call on students to take care of their homes from different aspects, start from the little things around them and make contributions to the surrounding environment! I actively mobilize people around me to protect and build the same and only home of mankind according to law, promote the sustainable development of economy and society, and make contributions to human civilization. Together with my classmates, I also launched the initiative of "raising a potted flower, adopting a tree, cherishing every green space and making our surroundings full of green" and "replacing foam lunch boxes and disposable chopsticks with small plastic bags to keep us away from white pollution". Let's put down the convenient bag and pick up the vegetable basket. Let's move towards a bright green tomorrow and a brilliant future!

According to a report I collected, "environmental problems are caused by unreasonable development and utilization of natural resources by human beings." Shocking environmental problems mainly include air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, food pollution and improper development and utilization of natural resources. "Iron facts tell us that they are ruthlessly devouring human life like demons. It threatens the ecological balance, harms human health, restricts the sustainable development of economy and society, and puts human beings in a dilemma. To this end, I issued a declaration: "As long as we humans always have the awareness of protecting the environment and managing the environment according to law, the global village will become a beautiful paradise". In the future, the sky will be blue, the water will be clear, the trees will be shaded, and the flowers will be everywhere. Humans can enjoy the happiness endowed by nature.

"The real test of our contribution to the environment is not words, but actions." Although what I am doing now is just a small thing, I firmly believe that if we all have the responsibility to protect the environment, start from ourselves, start from small things, and work together to protect our homeland, we will naturally give humanity the due return. Take a nap in the warm cradle-grassland; Grow up under the kind smiling face-the sky, and bathe in the river, the source of love.