What kind of living environment should be established in contemporary China?

Hello, I am happy to answer your question:

The ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle said: "People come to cities to live, and live in cities to live better. ". While cities make life better, they also bring about a complex situation of intertwined social, environmental, resource and other issues. These problems mainly caused by rapid urbanization include: urban population congestion, traffic congestion, housing shortage, polarization between rich and poor, worrying mental health status of residents, environmental pollution, ecological damage, etc.; as well as the hollowing out of rural villages, Agricultural development and food security issues after the loss of a large number of laborers, etc.

Urban issues, as the epitome of human society, economy, and technological development, have begun to receive more and more widespread attention from society. Urban planning, geography, architecture, ecology, economics, sociology and other disciplines , have focused on urban problems. However, these disciplines only study and solve a certain part or a certain aspect of urban problems from various aspects such as politics, culture, society, technology, etc. When solving specific problems, we "treat the headache and the foot". For example, if there is traffic congestion, we will widen the roads. If the population gathers quickly, we will expand the built-up area. As a result, the city will spread disorderly. Traffic is getting more and more congested. Urban problems and rural problems are also related, and urban problems cannot be solved by talking about cities in terms of cities. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand and understand urban problems holistically and systematically.

In view of the development characteristics of my country's urbanization, Mr. Wu Liangyong, inspired by Dausadias's "human settlement science", developed "human settlement environment science" suitable for China's national conditions, and first proposed the concept of human settlements Environment concept. We try to understand and understand urban problems holistically and systematically, and consider our living system from a holistic perspective.

The connotation of human settlements

The definition of human settlements

The human settlements, Gu Mingsi means, is a place where human beings live together and is related to human survival activities. The closely related surface space is the base for human beings to survive in nature and the main place for human beings to utilize and transform nature. Small human settlements can refer to residences, and large cities can include large cities in urbanized areas. They include all human settlements and environments including villages, towns, cities, regions, etc.

Components of the human settlement environment

The core of the human settlement environment is people.

The human settlement environment is the spatial carrier that satisfies human survival. As a transformer of nature, humans have extremely complex individual needs and social networks that are unmatched by other creatures. Human beings not only have physiological needs such as food, water, oxygen, sleep, and protection from cold, but also psychological needs such as respect, recognition, safety, and self-realization. This makes human beings' requirements for the living environment not only limited to "settling down and living in", but also conforming to human aesthetics, social culture, social ethics and interpersonal characteristics. Therefore, the construction of human settlement environment must care about people and their production and lifestyle, and emphasize human value and social fairness. This can be seen in the development of the themes of World Habitat Day over the years. In 1986, the theme was Housing is my right; in 1989, Housing, Health and Family; in 1993, Women and Housing Development; in 1996, Urbanization and Citizens’ Rights. Solidarity with Duty and Humanity, Safer Cities 1998, Changing Cities and Creating Opportunities 2012. At this stage, the construction of barrier-free facilities in a city and the degree of care for disadvantaged groups have become important criteria for measuring whether a society is civilized.

The basis of human settlement is nature, including the entire biosphere.

Human production and life as well as specific human settlement environment construction activities are inseparable from the broader natural background. Nature refers to the climate, water, land, plants, animals, geography, terrain, resources, etc. that enable settlements to come into being and perform their functions. While the proportion of global urban population is increasing rapidly, we are also facing more severe ecological and environmental problems. A series of ecological and environmental problems such as global warming, water shortages, and biodiversity loss have emerged one after another. Artificially constructed systems are the product of human beings' purposeful efforts to maintain survival and transform nature.

Artificial construction systems include buildings, structures and support systems. Buildings and structures only refer to a series of artificial spaces that provide support for human production and living activities, such as residential buildings, commercial buildings, office buildings, and public service places. The support system mainly refers to the infrastructure of human settlements, including resource supply system - water and energy supply (electricity, heat, gas, etc.); transportation system - land (road, railway), waterway (shipping) and air transportation system; information Systems - communications, computer software and hardware systems, artificial intelligence systems, etc. The artificial construction system is an artificial achievement of human beings using nature to transform nature. It not only contains material content, but also contains spiritual content. Architecture has long been developed from a shelter to "protect from wind and rain" and "refuge from cold and heat" to an architectural art. It gives people a feeling of beauty while meeting their physiological needs. Since the reform and opening up, China's urban construction has developed rapidly. From 1995 to 1999, 2.21 billion square meters of housing, approximately 30 million units, were built in China's cities and towns, accounting for 56% of the total urban residential construction in the 46 years from 1949 to 1995. While society is making every effort to develop towards the goal of having a house for everyone, it has brought about the embarrassing situation of "a thousand cities are alike". How to inherit urban history and how to reflect urban culture? This is not only the case in cities, but also in rural areas. How to create spatial forms for art has become another hotly debated topic.

2. Discuss the elements of an ideal living environment from the ancient ideal living environment model

Peach Blossom Spring can be said to be one of the ideal living environment models for ancient people. Since the Eastern Jin Dynasty writer Tao Yuanming After describing an extremely beautiful and isolated fairyland in the article "Peach Blossom Spring", later generations often regard "Xanadu" as their ideal home. Tao Yuanming's detailed description of this ideal home reflects the ancients' ideal Some basic understanding of the elements of human settlement environment.

1. Superior natural environment

“The land is flat, the houses are neat, and there are fertile fields, beautiful ponds, mulberry trees, and bamboos.”

Ideal living environment The first is those with good natural conditions and abundant real estate. There is flat and broad land, fertile fields, beautiful ponds, fresh air, clear rivers, green trees, no noise, farming and fishing to ensure enough food, and mulberry trees and bamboo forests to ensure The construction of clothing and houses.

It can be seen that a high-quality natural environment and rich products can ensure "enough food and clothing" is the first element of an ideal living environment, whether in a traditional farming society or in a modern production efficiency that has greatly improved Industrialized societies are extremely important.

2. Beautiful artificial landscape

In "The Peach Blossom Spring", there is a description of the landscape that first suppresses and then rises when describing the process of discovering the Peach Blossom Spring. The "fisherman" rows against the current, "travels along the stream" and "forgets the distance of the road", indicating that the stream is long and inaccessible. At the same time, the river the "fisherman" travels is most likely in a canyon, and there are few ground objects to refer to. This leads to fishermen "forgetting the distance of the road". In this long and narrow passage, fishermen "suddenly encounter a peach blossom forest". Within a few hundred steps on both sides of the stream, there are peach blossoms in full bloom. They are bright and beautiful, with falling flowers in abundance, and the scenery is spectacular. Since “there are no strange trees”, it can be inferred that the peach blossom forest here is an artificial landscape, and the artificial landscape peach blossom forest can be regarded as the boundary of the peach blossom garden. The "end of the peach blossom forest" is the source of the stream. "There is a mountain with a small mouth." The fisherman's boat enters through the mouth. It is very narrow at first. After walking for dozens of steps, it suddenly opens up and the flat peach blossom garden is revealed. In front of the "fisherman".

The peach blossom forest in the artificial landscape in this statement is a very important symbol, indicating that the ancients had already begun to carefully create artificial landscapes outside the peach blossom garden. Although "houses look like" and "roads and traffic" are just a few words, they also outline a pleasant pastoral landscape. This shows that the ancients, while pursuing the physiological needs of "enough food and clothing", also pursued a poetic experience of living together. Meet higher-level aesthetic needs.

3. The beauty of a happy society

The owner of Peach Blossom Spring hid in this "desperate situation" to avoid the wars in the Qin Dynasty. He "never came out again, so he was isolated from outsiders." ".

It can be seen that Peach Blossom Spring is a farming society with no disturbance, stable and peaceful social situation, and no excessive taxes and miscellaneous taxes. It is an orderly, organized society where people are equal and self-sufficient. The people living here are naturally simple and simple. "They were shocked when they saw the fishermen." "They wanted to return home and set up wine and kill chickens for food." "The rest of the people went back to their homes and drank and ate." The owner of the Peach Blossom Spring hides in this "desperate situation" because he does not want outsiders to disturb him. However, he treats the "fisherman", a "foreigner" who should not be welcome, with such kindness, which shows the simplicity of the people. When the "fisherman" stayed for a few days and left, the owner of Peach Blossom Spring fully trusted him and asked him not to behave like outsiders. The "fisherman", on the other hand, "gets his boat and helps him to the road, looking for it everywhere. When he goes to the county, he goes to the prefect and says so." This act, which can be described as treacherous, is in sharp contrast to the owner of Peach Blossom Spring.

It can be seen that another important factor in an ideal living environment is harmonious social relations, where people trust each other, cooperate with each other, and are equal and free.

How to construct a contemporary ideal living environment

Pay attention to green development and low-carbon life to reduce environmental pollution

When more and more "toxic gases" and " "Poisonous" incidents such as "poisonous water" and "poisonous rice" have been reported in the press, and people are worried about their future survival. However, the serious situation of global environmental problems is far from being as simple as what we see. Taking global climate warming as an example, it has threatened the sustainable development of social economy and deeply affected agriculture and food security, energy security, ecological security, water resources security and public health security. The future of the entire planet is full of crises. .

Only by minimizing resource utilization and minimizing damage to the environment through economic development can the future development of our planet be guaranteed and the cornerstone of an ideal human settlement environment be established.

Increase the green space rate, reduce building density, and create a suitable space environment

At present, with the continuous expansion of the urban built environment and the increase in hard pavement area, people are exposed to cement all day long. The green living space for people in the forest in the city is getting smaller and smaller, and it is increasingly unable to meet people's living needs. Urban space is covered by a large number of high-rise buildings and hard pavements. More people work and live at high altitudes in the city. Most of what you see when looking down is black asphalt, gray concrete, and various walls.

Increase the green space rate, reduce building density, create a suitable spatial environment, and improve the deteriorating human living environment space; improve the urban high-rise buildings and improve the natural land and natural land replaced by hard paving of many roads. The current situation of plants is urgent.

Focus on the construction of community culture and enhance residents’ sense of belonging

Culture is the soul of society. The more a society develops, the more prominent its status and role will be. The construction of an ideal human settlement environment is also inseparable from the connotation of culture. The construction of community culture is a very important content in the construction of human settlement environment, and it is also the guidance and support for the construction of a harmonious society. Community culture helps to enhance the cohesion, identity and belonging of the community, enabling community members to realize that they are members of the community and their rights and obligations as community members, and then they can consciously and proactively care about community affairs and actively participate in the community. Various activities are carried out to improve the community environment and create good interpersonal relationships and living environment.

Summary

A good human settlement environment is composed of three parts: nature, artificial environment, humans and human society. Loss of control in any part will be a devastating disaster. A good living environment should also start from these three aspects.

I hope we can solve your problem. If you don’t understand anything, you can ask!