What are the rhymes of ancient poetry?

Poets are the most musical articles. If you want them to sing beautifully, you should not only strive for harmony in the flat tone, but also rhyme to increase the beauty of the melody.

What is rhyme? Liu Xie said in Wen Xin Diao Long: "Simultaneous response means rhyme". In other words, "rhyme" means "the same radio". For example, the words "Dong, Gong, Kong, Tong, Tong, Cong, Hong and Long" all have (ㄨㄥ) as a single choice, that is, they all belong to the same rhyme. Represented by the word "Dong", it is called "Dong" rhyme. Another example is "Xian, Tian, Tian, Nian, Qian, Jian, Mian, Yan, Qian", all of which take (ㄧㄢ) as the tone and belong to the same rhyme, and are represented by the word "Xian", which is called "Xian" rhyme. At the end of some poems, words with the same rhyme are called rhyme. Such as Wang Zhihuan's poem "In the Heron Lodge":

The mountains cover the day, and the ocean drains the golden river;

By going up one flight of stairs, look further.

Among them, the words "Liu" and "Lou" are both in the rhyme of "Eleven You", which is called the rhyme of "Eleven You".

The function of rhyme

Rhyme has two functions:

First, connect many scattered voices into a complete tone to make the rhythm of poetry more vivid and harmonious. When you recite it, it makes people feel sonorous and pleasant.

Two: In order to make it easy to remember, the rhyme of the poem makes people read fluently. Even if the length is very long, it is easy to recite.

At present, the rhyme department commonly used by classical poets is Pei Wen, which was promulgated in the Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty. The rhyme is based on "Ping Shui Yun" determined by Yin Shifu at the end of Yuan Dynasty, with * * * 160 rhyme. Among them, the flat voice is divided into up and down 15 rhyme, up 29 rhyme, down 30 rhyme, and into 17 rhyme. First, the numbers of the first and second winters are only used to indicate the rhyming order, and there is no other meaning. The upper flat and the lower flat are only divided into two volumes, because there are more flat characters. Non-flat and rising tones are called, and they are stated together here.

In principle, the rhyming rules of modern poetry, such as metrical poems and quatrains, can be pledged regardless of the level and rhyme, and the pledged rhymes are called ancient poems or ancient laws. The position of rhyme is at the end of even sentences, and the first sentence can be put or not. Generally speaking, five-character poems are mostly non-gambling, while seven-character poems are the opposite. The ancients also had several special rhyming methods, which are briefly introduced below:

Special rhyming method

One: flying geese join the group-that is, the rhyme of the first sentence is not within the same rhyme, which is called "flying geese join the group" (or solitary cranes join the group). However, it must be limited to people who can communicate with ancient rhymes. Here are a few examples:

Changxu, Yizhou Jin Song (a building operation) (flying geese into the group)

Drive away the oriole (rhyme),

All their music comes from trees (Yun Qi);

They woke her up when she was dreaming,

She went to Liaoxi military camp to be with him (Yun Qi).

The first sentence uses four rhymes, and the rest uses eight rhymes.

Qiao Feng Sun Yong (flying geese enter the group grid)

White-haired people send black-haired people (Dong Yun),

Qingshan does not change its old appearance (winter rhyme);

Five-body frost falls on Hanshan Temple,

Listen to the midnight bell (winter rhyme) on the pillow.

Use one rhyme for the first sentence and two rhymes for the rest.

Xue Mei Lu Meipo

Xue Mei is unwilling to surrender for spring, (Jiang Yun)

Comment on the pen fee of the poet's pavilion: (Yang Yun)

The snow in May is three points white,

Snow loses plum fragrance. (Yang Yun)

The first sentence uses Sanjiang rhyme, and the rest uses Qiyang rhyme.

Former snow

Lying on the ground, I am silent, but I dare not look at the steps;

The paper window is as bright as the moon at night, and the cloth is as cold as ice for many years;

Walking through Chai Men, I was a guest, and Dai Zong returned to the bamboo courtyard monk;

It's also good to be sunny during the three days, and the mountains are covered with layers of powder.

The poem has ten rhymes, and the first sentence uses the word "Geng" as the rhyme. Shen Deqian in Qing Dynasty said, "There is no rhyme at the beginning of a poem, so people who use different rhymes in Song Dynasty can borrow them as long as they are in rhyme. If Geng Qing rhymes this poem, the beginning of the sentence will be deleted from the real text; The first rhyme poem, the sentence into Qin, salt, salty rhyme, is miscellaneous. " Wang Shihan wrote a poem about Yi Yun: "Yun Tong is used in the first sentence of Tang Law, which is not included in the number of four rhymes, so it is called' Lonely geese enter the group'. However, if it is inaccessible, it is not available. " Xie Zhen's four poems say: "Seven-character quatrains, using rhymes to borrow sentences, mean that the lonely geese are out of the group (press: enter the group for the lonely geese). There are many people in Song Dynasty. It is better to use the word "flat" than "promise". If the child is beautiful, the same is true of "the first emperor is lonely" and "Zhuge is majestic". It can be seen that everyone holds a theory, which is slightly different.

Two: flying geese out of the group-the rhyme of the last sentence is not within the same rhyme, which is called "flying geese out of the group" (or solitary cranes out of the group). However, it must also be limited to those who can turn over the ancient rhyme. For example:

Therefore, Yuan Zhen was in the palace.

Lonely old palace, (Dong Yun) peony red, but no one came to see it; (Dong Yun)

Several white-haired footmen were sitting around talking about the emperor of the Tang Dynasty. (winter rhyme)

The poem emphasizes the rhyme of "one east", and the last sentence borrows the rhyme of "two winters". Another example is:

Liu Jian lies in midsummer and sleeps during the day.

Mid-September is lonely and boring, and the breeze is waiting under the eaves and walls (in Dong Yun); (Dong Yun)

No one asked Zhuang to twitch, not as good as Nanyang Wolong. (winter rhyme)

The poem emphasizes the rhyme of "one east", and the last sentence borrows the rhyme of "two winters". Another example is:

Hutuohe Fan Chengda

I heard that he Shen solved the problem of ice making, and Zeng Fuyang saw ZTE nine times;

Today's rotten quilts are full of enthusiasm, unlike the surging waves.

This poem emphasizes the rhyme of "ten steaming", while the last sentence borrows the rhyme of "eight more". Another example is:

Yan Ren Jing

Listen to the rain and watch the clouds return to the DPRK, who will collect rich signs in the cage crane;

I can't help being smart and ill, and I'm used to being idle and arrogant;

In the quiet, the wind is pregnant with Xuan Yue, and it is painstaking;

It is known that mud is difficult to cross, and mud is born under the floating.

The poem emphasizes the rhyme of "two Xiao" and uses the rhyme of "four Hao". All of the above are called "plucking geese".

Three: Advance and retreat —— Rhyme in metrical poems also has the so-called "advance and retreat", such as the quadruple of seven laws and eight sentences, the first rhyme "one poem", the second rhyme "eleven true rhymes", the third rhyme "one rhyme" and the last rhyme "eleven true rhymes". One advance and one retreat, but it must be within the scope of ancient rhyme and must not be arbitrary. Huang's Miscellaneous Notes: Zheng Gu and Monks, Huang Yi, etc. * * * Set the poetic style as a cloud: "Each poem has several rhymes, one is called gourd, the other is called pulley, and the other is called advance and retreat. Hulu rhyme is the first two and then four, pulley rhyme is the second, and advance and retreat is the second. It's ridiculous to lose this! For example, Li Shizhong sent Tang Jieshi:

Lonely loyalty and self-denial, independence dares to say that people are difficult;

Serving the country is as light as a swallow, and fame is more important than mountains;

And you are handsome and gentle, and you will not die of cold bones;

God helps our country to be our king, and may the patriarch not exist.

As the saying goes, the word "difficult to be cold" is in the cold rhyme, and the word "mountain return" is in the mountain rhyme, which is in line with physical fitness. How can you do it at your own pace? A recent reading of A Nightmare in a Cold Studio contained a reply from Tang Li at that time, saying,' This poem is a poem with rhyme', but Gaiqu didn't see the poetic style set by Zheng Gu and others, so he said that he had advanced and retreated moderately, but he acted rashly at that time. "Another example: Han Zikai's modern advance and retreat poems;

A thief is so sleepy all his life;

Since this year, Anshi, don't cry;

When a son goes to North Korea, people should ask the old man.

The moustache is white, and the thin ground carries a hoe every day.

Tiaoxi fishing hidden cloud: "Zheng Gu and others * * * set today's poetic style, the rhyme of' one enters and one retreats'. For example, Li Shizhong gave Tang Jie seven words and eight sentences. Zi Cang's five-character and eight-sentence modern poetry also uses this situation. Gaisufu is in danger of rhyme, and Xu hoes fish. Another example is Su Dongpo's poem about Nankang Temple sinking into a lake:

Crossing the heavy lake in August is a depression;

The autumn wind is in a hurry, and a mountain is lonely in the twilight;

Guo Xu's heart is still there, and Shi Kuang's art is empty;

I am thousands of miles away, and I am too old to vote.

This poem rhymes with "fish" and "danger". "Qingbo" magazine said that Dongpo wrote a verse: "Rhyme can be used in two rhymes. And cited Li Chengzhi (teacher) to send Tang Zifang (intermediary) poems, and two "Hanshan" verses as evidence, I don't know where the sincerity lies!

Four: jumping over the beam-jumping over the beam like an aunt, a poem by Xie Xuancheng:

Xuancheng is different from chicken distance, and Zhuge's famous teacher caresses it;

A pile of happiness comes from public office, and a thousand dollars is nothing in the market;

It is better to eat squid than to eat squid with Zhu Men.

Shame is that I didn't have Cao Yuan (Xuan) at first, so I won't write official documents at leisure.

This poem takes "danger" as the rhyme and "fish" as the rhyme, which is called pulley rhyme. Wu Shidao's poem "Clouds of Wu Li Department";

When the pulley goes in and out of rhyme, there must be strange characters. If the rhyme of the sentence is unusual, what is it? Those that must be associated with phonology, such as Dongdong, Hanshan, Haoyao, Qingqing and so on. The more people use it today, one is above average and the other is below average.

Five: extreme case-another extreme example:

Dong Youbai

Zulong floats on the sea as a bridge, and Hanwu Bay dries dumplings;

My house, the Saint King's Tower, belongs to Pan An. It can be as light as Qin and Han Dynasties, and it is most like the crossing of Liao Dynasty by Emperor Taizong.

This poem is about the rhyme of "Erxiao", but the second sentence is about the words in the rhyme of "Sanyao".

The second rhyme answers Bao Jue Su Shi.

Mulberry shoes and bamboo sticks, covering Wanshan, Qian Shan;

Never without feet, who believes it is difficult to walk?

The first sentence talks about the rhyme of "one song", the second sentence talks about the rhyme of "fifteen deletions" and the last sentence talks about the rhyme of "fourteen cold".

Wenying Yang Wanli

Han Xiao Gu Ying cherishes golden clothes, but refuses to crow when he listens attentively;

Flying into the depths of Liu Yin, only the fallen petal knows.

The first sentence talks about the rhyme of "five micro", the second sentence talks about the rhyme of "eight banners" and the last sentence talks about the rhyme of "four branches". For example, the above three examples are all extreme examples of rhyme, which can't be used as training, only beginners know.

The above is a special rhyme format, which is briefly described for your reference. It's just that novices don't try it easily, for fear of forming a habit, and the accumulated disadvantages are hard to return. Or cited as decorative words, is not the author's intention, Amitabha is kind.