The significance of establishing a star assembly place

China is now in a period of rapid development of new urbanization, and people's livelihood issues such as housing are the focus of national development. The cost of human resources in China is increasing year by year, and the construction industry is highly dependent on human resources. At present, the construction industry is facing many problems such as resources, energy consumption, labor cost and environmental cost. How to solve them effectively is a problem worth pondering.

Prefabricated building is a new type of building assembled by industrial production and on-site connection. The industrial production of prefabricated buildings is easy to check the quality and construction, and can take into account the diversified needs of the structure and the integrity and integration of the overall decoration. Compared with traditional buildings, it has obvious advantages such as short construction period, low overall cost, high engineering quality, low later maintenance cost, low dependence on human resources, long service life and little environmental impact. Developing prefabricated buildings is the only way for the development of existing buildings in China. On September 27th, 2016, the general office of the State Council issued the Guiding Opinions on Vigorously Developing Prefabricated Buildings, proposing that it will take about 10 years to make the proportion of prefabricated buildings in new buildings reach 30%. Under the policy call, more than 30 provinces and cities across the country have issued support policies on prefabricated buildings. In recent years, the economy of Guizhou Province has developed vigorously, the production of construction industry has maintained steady and rapid growth, and the growth rate of total output value has ranked first in the country for many times, and the role of pillar industries of construction industry has been further enhanced. Actively develop new buildings such as prefabricated buildings, so that the development of the construction industry conforms to the development concept of "green Jinshan Yinshan" and the characteristics of "green construction technology" that saves water, energy, time, materials and land. The development of Guizhou adheres to the two bottom lines of development and ecology, which not only brings economic dividends but also protects ecological dividends. In order to further promote the development of prefabricated buildings, the Guizhou provincial government has made full use of the document "Implementation Opinions on Vigorously Developing Prefabricated Buildings", which not only clearly stipulates that it is necessary to increase capital, finance, tax incentives and technical support, but also opens a "green channel" in terms of land use and approval. Vigorously advocate the development of prefabricated buildings in Guizhou, and clearly plan: 20 17 to 2020 will be the pilot demonstration period, and Guizhou will vigorously develop prefabricated buildings with Guiyang, Zunyi, Anshun downtown and Gui 'an New District as demonstration points. Among them, due to its national architectural characteristics, Qiandongnan Prefecture will vigorously promote the development of prefabricated buildings featuring modern wood structures. During the period from 2002/KLOC-0 to 2023, in order to promote the application period, the production base of prefabricated buildings will be built in Guizhou Province as a whole, and new projects with the above-ground building scale exceeding 6,543,800 square meters will be obtained through bidding, auction and hanging, all of which can be built by prefabricated buildings. From 2024 to 2025, it will be a period of active development of prefabricated buildings, and strive to reach 30% of the total area of new buildings by the end of 2025.

First, the development of prefabricated buildings at home and abroad

(-) Overview of the development of prefabricated buildings abroad 1. United States of America

The prefabricated buildings in the United States originated earlier. In the 1970s, during the energy crisis, the United States began to implement the construction of building parts and mechanized production mode. The United States Department of Urban Development has implemented a set of strict industry standards and norms, which are still in use today and gradually combined with the later American architectural system. Its urban housing construction is mainly based on factories, concrete assembled buildings and steel structure assembled buildings, while light steel structures and wood structures are mainly used in township areas, which reduces the construction cost, improves the universality of factories and improves the operability of buildings.

2? Yueben

As early as 1968, Japan put forward prefabricated buildings, and its development was based on the actual situation of mountainous areas, earthquakes and poor geological conditions. It puts forward the production mode of factory components and diversified internal space, and its development begins with the production system of heavy and high-rise building components to meet the needs of its population-intensive construction market.

France

French concrete prefabricated buildings were built as early as 189 1 year ago, and have a history of nearly 130 years. Its architecture is mainly composed of concrete system, steel structure and wood structure system, which adopts frame or plate F-column system and gradually develops to large span. Its assembly rate is much higher than the international level, reaching 80% and energy saving reaching 70%. Simplified and unified components are used to produce and standardize components, so as to meet the diversified requirements of the market and realize the unity of architectural personalization and standardization. The connection mode of prefabricated components is at the international advanced level.

Sweden and Denmark

Since 1950s, Sweden and Denmark have developed concrete and wallboard components. At present, 80% of new residential buildings are common components, and the energy saving rate is as high as 50%. Denmark has begun to use modular methods to build prefabricated houses. The modular coordination standard formulated by ISO is based on the Danish standard Huai. Denmark takes product catalog design as the standard system, and implements building industrialization, which not only unifies building standards, but also gives consideration to diversity, and finally meets the unification of building individualization and standardization.

Development status and existing problems of prefabricated buildings in China

China's prefabricated buildings started earlier, but in the early stage, due to the low maturity of building technology and lax management, there were some problems in building engineering, such as low architectural integrity, poor seismic performance and high risk of safe use. Due to the serious overall damage and obvious quality of prefabricated buildings in Tangshan earthquake, the safety problems of early prefabricated buildings frequently occurred, which made the development of prefabricated buildings once stagnate.

After 2008, in order to meet the requirements of China's new economic development, respond to the requirements of construction modernization and green energy-saving transformation, and cope with the rising labor costs, the development of prefabricated buildings has once again become a research topic and has been put on the development agenda of the construction industry. Through policy support, local support and attracting foreign advanced technology, the prefabricated buildings in China have developed. However, at present, a perfect market system and quality star supervision and management standards have not been formed, and relevant laws and regulations are not perfect. Related architectural design (anti-leakage, thermal insulation, fire prevention) technology is still in a perfect stage, lacking guiding standards and norms, slow innovation of construction management mode, lack of technical experience of management personnel of construction units, failure to form a stable professional construction team, and ideology still remains at the traditional shallow construction level, failing to give full play to the advantages of prefabricated buildings. The government's propaganda is insufficient, and development will take some time.

Second, the significance of developing prefabricated buildings

(-) The development of prefabricated buildings is beneficial to the development of modern construction industry in this country.

At present, the state vigorously promotes the structural reform of the supply side and the development of new urbanization, which requires solving the problem of overcapacity in building materials. However, there are widespread problems in the construction industry, such as insufficient supply capacity and excessive price increase. At present, the characteristics of prefabricated buildings such as prefabricated steel structures and precast concrete structures are conducive to developing new energy-saving and environmental protection industries, improving the safety level of the construction industry and solving problems such as overcapacity.

(2) The development of prefabricated buildings is conducive to promoting energy conservation and reducing energy consumption in the construction industry.

At present, China still adopts the development model of extensive economic, especially in the construction industry. The inefficient use of resources and energy dumped on site will produce large-scale construction waste, and at the same time, it will produce environmental pollution problems such as dust and noise. Extensive construction, excessive consumption and waste of resources and energy will further aggravate the contradiction between economic growth and resources and energy, and will also restrict the sustainable development of China's economy and society. Therefore, it is imperative to change the development mode of extensive economic.

The existing implementation projects have fully proved the development of prefabricated buildings and achieved remarkable results in saving water, land, materials and energy. Saving resources and energy is conducive to reducing carbon emissions, reducing dust and noise pollution, significantly improving the urban environment, improving the overall quality and performance of buildings, promoting the construction of ecological civilization and building a low-carbon energy system.

(C) The development of prefabricated buildings is the key driving force for China's economic stability.

The construction industry is a real industry with high added value. At present, China is in the process of new urbanization. Vigorously developing prefabricated buildings will further deepen the development of the construction industry chain, drive more emerging industries, and help solve the employment problem and reuse labor resources. The development of the construction industry can effectively stimulate investment. Under the current market economy in China, the development of prefabricated buildings can drive the influx of social capital, which is conducive to the utilization of social capital, give play to the role of capital in promoting the construction industry, and form multiple promotion roles in promoting the development of urbanization, which is conducive to improving consumer demand and promoting land.

(D) The development of prefabricated buildings is an effective way to promote technological progress and improve production efficiency.

At the same time of China's economic development, the labor force is gradually decreasing, and the "demographic dividend is declining"; The demand for human resources in the construction industry is very high, and the shortage of high-quality talents in the construction industry is becoming increasingly obvious. By prefabricating components, prefabricated buildings greatly reduce the dependence of traditional building technologies and projects on manpower, improve building production efficiency, reduce project costs, and contribute to technological progress and efficiency improvement.

(5) The development of prefabricated buildings is conducive to the all-round development of building quality and overall building level.

At present, there are many problems in the construction quality of residential buildings, such as roof wall leakage, thermal insulation wall cracking and poor sealing effect of doors and windows. Traditional buildings are arbitrary in the construction process, so it is difficult to ensure the quality of the project. The assembly construction method significantly improves the product precision, and the quality of industrial production components is unified and stable; Compared with the traditional manual masonry operation, the assembly operation significantly reduces the construction error and human error, thus ensuring the construction quality; The prefabricated factory production mode of components reduces the construction waste in the project, and the standardized production of components also enables some building components to be recycled. Therefore, the development of prefabricated buildings is conducive to saving resources and comprehensively improving the modernization level of the construction industry.

Third, solve the problems existing in the development of prefabricated buildings.

First of all, the government should strengthen policy support, give some financial support, increase publicity, education and guidance on prefabricated buildings, improve relevant laws and regulations on prefabricated buildings, standardize prefabricated buildings, introduce guiding standards and norms for architectural design as soon as possible, strengthen the construction of basic industries of prefabricated buildings, establish and improve market system and management and supervision system, create a good social development environment, and accelerate industrial modernization and upgrading.

Secondly, construction enterprises should increase the research on advanced technology, commercialize prefabricated buildings in combination with actual development, build an industrial chain of prefabricated buildings, strengthen the degree of industrial integration with prefabricated components enterprises, increase the research on technology utilization mode, and enhance market recognition.

Finally, the construction industry should increase cooperation with scientific research institutions and universities, improve technical support, and provide support for the modular production mode technology of prefabricated components. Cultivating professional high-quality talents can solve the talent gap problem in the field of assembly specialty in China and meet the problems of expanding production capacity and talent demand.

Four. conclusion

Under the current situation of building development, the traditional construction industry is facing the problems of backward production mode and low quality of labor force, and building industrialization, as a new production mode, has attracted more and more attention. Modernization of construction industry with industrialization as the core is the ultimate goal of transformation and upgrading of construction industry. Assembled building is the inevitable trend of building industrialization development. The development of prefabricated buildings can bring high standards of construction speed and quality assurance, thus driving the development of domestic construction industry. At present, the mode of China's construction industry is to develop new building modes, vigorously promote prefabricated buildings, and accelerate transformation and upgrading. The development of prefabricated buildings is of great significance to promote the reform of construction methods, improve the quality of engineering construction and promote the transformation and upgrading of the construction industry.