Goya Tuhu

Tossing pot is an ancient game, which was originally used as a pastime for literati banquets.

The appearance of throwing pots has a lot to do with shooting ceremony. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, archery was a very respected and popular sport. It is said that if a family gives birth to a boy, it will hang a bow on the door and shoot an arrow in every corner of the world with six arrows, which shows that when the boy grows up, he will conquer four corners with a bow and arrow. Therefore, at all kinds of large banquets at that time, shooting ceremonies were needed. From emperors and vassals to doctors and scholars, there are different shooting rituals. Those who can't attend must "speak with illness". By the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the aristocratic class was corrupt, and many people could not bow and shoot. So I changed archery to throwing pots. Throwing a pot is throwing an arrow shaft without an arrow into a hip flask. This change will save a lot of effort, and you don't need to draw a bow or practice at ordinary times. Then you can pick up the arrow shaft and throw it. Princes from all over the world welcomed this, so throwing pots replaced archery etiquette.

There are also many historical stories about throwing pots. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, Jin Pinggong died, and King Zhaogong of Jin acceded to the throne. In the past, he was the leader of the princes at that time, and the monarchs of Qi, Zheng and Wei all came to Jin to congratulate and join the alliance. Pu Hou was the first to pick up the arrow shaft and throw it into the pot. Mu Zi, a doctor of the State of Jin, said in his congratulatory message to Hou Wen of Jin: "A widowed gentleman is a vassal teacher." . Qi Hou did not believe that Kim was the leader of the League, and he was even more unhappy after hearing such a congratulatory message. He picked up the arrow shaft and said a congratulatory sentence: "I am here to prosper with you." After the meeting, Bo Xian blamed Mu Zi and said, "Why did you say such a congratulatory message? It's easy to smash the pot! "

After Qin and Han Dynasties, shooting ceremony was abolished, and throwing pots became a kind of entertainment for banquet guests. There is a picture of "Throwing a Pot" in the Han Dynasty stone relief in Nanyang. In the middle of the map, there are two guests sitting face to face throwing pots, and there are three waiters next to them. Although it is no longer a formal etiquette, it is still an elegant activity. According to the records of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ji Zun, a general of the Eastern Han Dynasty, said: "Scholars all use Confucianism, and when they feast, they sing songs and throw pots." Throwing pots and singing together has become a feature of Confucian life.

Compared with the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the method of throwing pots in Han Dynasty has been greatly improved. At first, the pot was filled with adzuki beans, so that the arrow shaft would not jump out. In the Han dynasty, if you don't put red beans in the pot, you can make the arrow shaft jump out and catch the heavy throw; You can throw it a hundred times in a row, "call it Xiao." "Miscellanies of Xijing" said that during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, there was a Guo Sheren who was good at throwing pots, and he could "hit a hundred shots with one arrow". "Every time you throw a pot for Emperor Wu, you need to give it to Jin Bo." Pot throwing was also popular in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and the technique of pot throwing was developed. There is a man named Wang Hu who can close his eyes and throw a pot. Shi Chong's family has a geisha girl who can throw pots through the screen, which is also a smash hit. In the Jin Dynasty, during the extensive activities of throwing pots, the pots for throwing pots were also improved, that is, two ears were added on both sides of the mouth of the pot. Therefore, there are many names in the fancy of throwing a pot, such as "one ear", "piercing ear", "inverted ear", "connecting the middle" and "whole pot".

Throwing pots and China's ancient football and Go spread eastward to North Korea. According to the biography of the New Tang Dynasty in Korea, "the North Korean monarch lives in Pyongyang, and he likes playing chess, throwing pots and cuju".

As throwing pots evolved from shooting ceremony, throwing pots in Han Dynasty became an elegant activity of Confucian scholars. After Wei and Jin Dynasties, many tricks were found in throwing pots, and some authentic Confucians were greatly dissatisfied with them. After the failure to oppose the new law in Song Dynasty, Sima Guang lived in Luoyang. "Every pair of guests write poems, talk about articles or throw pots to entertain guests. It is impolite to decide the new style with the old style. Although you are playing, you don't forget to be right, which is enough to see the ambition of the public. " Sima Guang's "New-style Dumping Pot". Advocating "pouring dangerous waves is not good enough" and deleting some skillful tricks, so that throwing pots has become an activity of "collecting people's hearts with righteousness". After Sima Guang's reform, throwing pots broke away from the people and the scope of entertainment activities, and became a ritual activity.

After the Song Dynasty, the game of throwing pots gradually declined, and it was no longer as popular as Han and Tang Dynasties, but it continued to develop. According to the Ming Dynasty's Archery by Throwing Pots, there were 140 throwing methods. In the Qing dynasty, throwing pots declined day by day. But it was still circulating in the palace until the end of Qing Dynasty. Now, there is also a "Pottery Pavilion" in Beijing Zhongshan Park, where six ancient bronze pots are preserved.