Bai Juyi Qingfei

"Light Fat"

Author: Bai Juyi

Original text:

The road is full of arrogance, and the pommel horse shines in the dust.

If I ask what he is doing, he is called an internal minister.

Zhu Fu is a doctor, and Zi Fu is a general.

He boasted about going to the military banquet and rode away like clouds.

Zun Lei overflows with nine treasures, and eight treasures are found in land and water.

Break the Dongting tangerine fruit and cut the Tianchi scales into pieces.

Eat well and feel at ease, and drink wine to revitalize your energy.

There is a drought in the south of the Yangtze River, and people in Quzhou are cannibals!

Notes:

1. Light and fat: The phrase comes from "The Analects of Confucius Yong Ye": riding a fat horse, wearing light fur. It refers to the luxurious life of dignitaries.

2. The road is filled with pride: When walking, the road is filled with pride. Mood: Refers to the state of mind.

3. Pommel horse: refers to the luxurious gold and silver ornaments on the horse and saddle.

4. Internal ministers: originally referred to the ministers around the emperor, here they refer to ministers.

5. Zhu Fu (f): Like the purple ribbon in the next sentence, only the quoted silk rope is hung, and only senior executives can use it.

6. Army: refers to the left and right Shence Army, one of the emperor's forbidden armies.

7. Zun Lei Yi Jiuzheng: Zun Lei refers to the container for aging wine. Jiu Ying: the name of fine wine.

8. Water and land delicacies: various delicacies produced on aquatic roads.

9. Dongting Orange: Orange produced in Dongting Mountain.

10. Cut the fish into vegetables. Scale Pond Fish: Fish of the sea.

11. Feel at ease; feel at ease and feel comfortable.

12. Quzhou: the name of the state in the Tang Dynasty, now part of Zhejiang.

Translation:

The whole road is filled with arrogant spirit,

The light of the pommel horse can see the fine dust.

I asked the passerby who those people were.

The passerby replied that they were all eunuchs, the emperor's ministers.

Wearing a red ribbon indicating the status of a doctor and a purple ribbon symbolizing the status of a general.

Showing off his status, he is about to go to the army for a banquet.

There are many people and the scene is grand.

The wine glasses are filled with fine wines,

The tables are filled with delicacies from all over the world.

There are oranges produced by Dongting Lake as fruits.

The finely chopped fish meat is delicious and tender.

They are still calm and contented after eating well.

They look even more arrogant after being drunk.

However, there was a severe drought in the south of the Yangtze River this year.

There was a tragic scene of cannibalism in Quzhou.

Appreciation:

One of the causes of political corruption in the Tang Dynasty was the dictatorial power of eunuchs. This poem is a satire on eunuchs. The title of the poem is light and fat, taken from "The Analects of Confucius" to summarize the luxurious life.

The first four sentences are written first and then clicked. They are abrupt and vivid. The arrogance of the spirit can actually fill the road, and the light of the saddle and horse can illuminate the dust. This cannot help but amaze people. It was precisely because of his surprise that he asked what he was doing (what he was doing), which led to the answer from the minister. Internal ministers are eunuchs. Readers can't help but ask: eunuchs are just domestic slaves of the emperor, why should they be so arrogant and arrogant? It turns out that the role of eunuchs is actually Zhu Fu or Zi Shou. They have mastered political and military power, so they are naturally arrogant and extravagant. The two sentences about going to a banquet in the army and riding like clouds complement each other with the arrogance and arrogance of the road, the saddle and the horse shining in the dust. The horse moves like clouds, which specifically describes pride and extravagance. The words man, zhao, jie, xi, ruyun and other words in these sentences vividly show that the ministers attending the banquet in the army were not just one or two, but a large group.

In the following six sentences, the scenes of the ministers’ banquet in the army mainly describe their luxury, but also their arrogance.

The writing of luxury is in the same vein as Pomma Zhaochen, but the pens used are different. When writing about horses, just write about them being shiny and smooth, and the essence of their feed is beyond the meaning of the words. When writing about ministers, it is self-evident that they only eat delicacies from the mountains and eat delicacies from the sea. It is self-evident that their brains are filled with fat and their intestines are full of fat. Two sentences about feeling satisfied after eating and feeling refreshed by drinking wine go from extravagance to arrogance. Qi Yi Zhen Yao responds to the first sentence. When I went to the banquet, I was already full of arrogance. Now that I am full of food and drunk, my mood is naturally more arrogant and arrogant.

The above fourteen sentences vividly and vividly depict the pleasure of the ministers, which is of revealing significance. However, the poet's vision is not limited to this. He quietly moved his face, saw thousands of miles away, and suddenly turned his pen. When these doctors and generals were drunk and full of food, a tragic phenomenon of cannibalism was occurring in the south of the Yangtze River, thus raising the ideological significance of the poem to a new level. They also suffered from drought, but their happiness and sadness were completely different.

This poem uses the method of contrast to juxtapose two completely opposite social phenomena. The poet does not give any explanation or make a single comment, but allows the readers to draw the appropriate conclusions through the sharp contrast. conclusion. This can make people accept the ideas that the poet wants to explain better than making direct comments, and is therefore more convincing. The last two sentences directly describe the incident, describing a human tragedy in the land of Jiangnan, which makes the whole poem make waves and has shocking power.

This poem adopts the style of writing a book and uses a line drawing method to truly show the injustice of society. Literary works should reflect the reality of life, and this poem is well deserved. Bai Juyi The Charcoal Seller

"The Charcoal Seller"

Author: Bai Juyi

Original text:

The Charcoal Seller cuts firewood and burns charcoal In Nanshan.

His face was dusty and smoky, his temples were gray and his fingers were black.

Where do you get money from selling charcoal? The clothes on your body and the food in your mouth.

Poor, I am wearing only plain clothes, and I am worried that the weather will be cold.

There is a foot of snow outside the city at night, and at dawn the charcoal cart rolls over the ice tracks.

The cows were trapped and the people were hungry. The sun was getting high and they rested in the mud outside the south gate of the city.

Who are the two Pian Pian cavalry coming? The messenger in yellow is in white.

Holding the document in his hand and pronouncing the edict orally, he returned to the carriage and shouted at the oxen to lead them north.

A cart of charcoal weighs more than a thousand kilograms, and the palace envoy will regret it.

Half a piece of red gauze and one foot of silk are tied directly to the cow's head and filled with charcoal.

Notes:

1. Charcoal Seller: This first selection is from "Bai's Changqing Collection". This article is the 32nd in the poem "New Yuefu", and the title says: Kugong City. Palace market refers to the fact that when the palace in the Tang Dynasty needed items, they went to the market to get them and gave them some money. In fact, it was open plunder. During the reign of Emperor Dezong of the Tang Dynasty, eunuchs were used to manage affairs.

2. Cutting: felling.

3. Fuel: firewood.

4. Nanshan: the mountain south of the city.

5. Firework color: The face is smoked. The hard work of the charcoal seller is highlighted here.

6. Cang Cang: pale.

7. Get: get.

8. What is the purpose of the camp? Camp, management, here refers to seeking.

9. Rolling (niǎn): same as grinding, crushing.

10. Wish: hope.

11. Ruts: The traces left by wheels rolling across the ground.

12. Sleepy: sleepy, tired.

13. Market: market.

14. Pianpian: a light and free mood. This describes the look of getting carried away.

15. Riding (j): A person riding a horse.

16. The messenger in yellow, Bai Shaner: The messenger in yellow refers to the eunuch in the palace. Bai Shan'er refers to the eunuch's minions.

17. Handle: take.

18. Edict (ch): The emperor’s order or edict.

19. Return: transfer.

20. Chi: shout.

21. More than a thousand catties: It does not refer to the actual meaning, but describes many things.

22. Drive the general: drive away.

23. Regrettably: reluctant to part with it. Yes, can. Cherish, give up.

24. Half a piece of red silk and one foot of silk: In business transactions in the Tang Dynasty, silk fabrics such as silk could be used as currency. At that time, money was expensive and silk was cheap. Half a piece of yarn and a foot of silk were far less valuable than a load of charcoal. This is the official taking away people's wealth at a low price.

25. Department: hanging.

26. Direct: value, price.

Translation:

There was an old man selling charcoal, cutting firewood and burning charcoal in Nanshan. His face was covered with dust, showing the color of being burned by smoke and fire, his hair on his temples was gray, and his ten fingers were blackened by charcoal. What is the money earned from selling charcoal used for? Buy the clothes you wear and the food you eat. It's a pity that he only wears thin clothes, but he is worried that the hot weather will not sell charcoal, and he also hopes that the weather will be colder. A foot of heavy snow fell outside the city at night. In the early morning, the old man drove his charcoal cart over the frozen wheel tracks toward the market. The cattle were tired and the people were hungry, but the sun had risen very high, and the old man was resting in the mud outside the south gate of the market. Who are the two brisk horsemen in front? They are the minions of the eunuchs in the palace. They held documents in their hands, but said it was the emperor's order, then turned the car and shouted at the cattle to pull them north. The cart of charcoal was very heavy, and the messengers in the palace insisted on driving it away. The old man felt sorry for it, but had no choice. The messengers in the palace hung half a piece of yarn and a foot of silk on the cow's head as the price of charcoal.

Appreciation:

The first four sentences describe the charcoal seller’s hard-earned charcoal. Cutting firewood and burning charcoal summarize the complex processes and long labor process. His face is dusty and smoky, his temples are gray and his fingers are black. He paints a vivid portrait of the charcoal seller, depicting the hardship of labor and also expressing it vividly. The labor place is pointed out in the middle of Nanshan. This Nanshan is the Zhongnan Mountain where Wang Wei wrote that he wanted to find a place to stay and asked the woodcutter across the water. Jackals were infested and it was deserted. In such an environment, under the stars and the moon, against the frost and snow, cutting firewood axe by axe, and burning charcoal kiln by kiln, it was easy to burn more than a thousand kilograms, and every kilogram was soaked with hard work and condensed with hope. It is written that the charcoal sold by the charcoal seller is the result of his hard work, which distinguishes him from the merchants selling charcoal. However, if the charcoal seller still has a field and can grow and harvest by himself, he will not starve or freeze. He only uses his spare time to burn charcoal and sell it to support his family. Then his cart of charcoal will be robbed. There are other ways to survive. However this is not the case. The poet's brilliance lies in not introducing the charcoal seller's family economic situation to the readers, but setting it up as a question and answer: Where do you get the money from selling charcoal? The clothes on your body and the food in your mouth. This question and answer not only brings life to the table, making the writing ups and downs, but also expands the depth and breadth of reflecting the sufferings of the people, making it clear to us that this laborer has been exploited to the point of poverty. He has no other source of food and clothing; he wears clothes and eats food, all because he hopes that the more than 1,000 kilograms of charcoal he has painstakingly burned can be sold at a good price. This paved the way for the crime of robbing charcoal by the palace envoy later.

Poor, I am wearing only plain clothes, and I am worried that the weather will be cold. This is a well-known saying. Wearing a pair of clothes, we naturally hope that the weather will be warm. However, the charcoal seller pinned all his hopes of solving the problem of food and clothing on the money from selling charcoal, so he was worried about the price of charcoal and hoped that the weather would be cold. When he was shivering from the cold, he hoped for even colder weather. The poet has such a profound understanding of the charcoal seller's difficult situation and complex inner activities, and uses only a dozen words to express it so truly, and uses the word "pity" to pour infinite sympathy into it. How can it not make people cry.

From the perspective of composition, these two poems are a bridge from the first half to the second half. Worrying about the cold weather and hoping for cold weather are actually looking forward to the strong wind and heavy snowfall. There was a foot of snow outside the city at night. This heavy snowfall was finally coming! I no longer have to worry about being miserable! Do the dignitaries and wealthy businessmen at the emperor's feet still haggle over the negligible price of charcoal in order to keep themselves warm? When the charcoal seller Xiao drove his charcoal cart through the ice, what occupied his whole heart was not complaining about how difficult the ice and snow road was, but thinking about how much money the cart of charcoal could sell for, and how much food and clothing he could get in exchange.

A novelist could use a lot of pen and ink to describe the psychological activities of the charcoal seller along the way, but the poet did not write a single sentence. This is because he has previously opened up a vast world of imagination for readers.

The charcoal seller managed to burn a load of charcoal and looked forward to a snowfall. Along the way, he was full of hope and calculated the money he could get from selling the charcoal in exchange for food and clothing. But what's the result? But he met the palace envoy who was holding a document and pronouncing the decree. In front of the envoys from the palace, in front of the emperor's documents and edicts, following the sound of the ox scolding, the charcoal seller went through the long process of cutting firewood, burning charcoal, praying for the cold weather, driving a charcoal cart, rolling over ice tracks, and finally resting in the mud. Everything I had planned and hoped for was all in vain!

The road from Nanshan to Chang'an City is so long and difficult. When the charcoal seller rested in the mud outside the south gate of the city, the cows were already trapped and the people were hungry; now they are back to scold the cows. Lead it north and bring the charcoal to the palace. Of course, the cattle will be more sleepy and the people will be more hungry. So what was the charcoal seller thinking when he walked back to Zhongnan Mountain hungry? How will he live in the future? The poet didn't write about all this, but readers can't help but think about it. When thinking of all this, one cannot help but sympathize with the plight of the charcoal seller and hate the ruler's sins. The creative intention of the poet Ku Gongshi has also achieved the expected effect. Bai Juyi Baiyun Spring

"Baiyun Spring"

Author: Bai Juyi

Original text:

In the Baiyun Spring on Tianping Mountain, the clouds come out of nowhere. idle.

Why rush down the mountain and add more waves to the world!

Translation:

It is so quiet and quiet beside the Baiyun Spring in Tianping Mountain.

The white clouds in the sky are floating in the wind and rolling freely;

The spring water on the mountain flows gurgling calmly and contentedly.

I asked Quan Shui, since you are so relaxed here,

why do you want to rush down the mountain,

adding fuel to the troubled world?

Appreciation:

The Baiyun Spring on Tianping Mountain, from the beginning of the sentence, points out the essence of Wuzhong’s wonderful mountains, beautiful waters and beautiful scenery. Tianping Mountain is twenty miles west of Suzhou City. This mountain is the tallest in Wuzhong. One peak is upright and majestic. The peaks are arched together and the rocks are steep. The mountains are lush with green pine trees. There is a pavilion built on the mountainside against the cliff. Next to the pavilion is a clear spring with endless cooling water. The so-called Baiyun Spring is also known as the first water in Wuzhong.

However, this beautiful scenery of famous mountains and rivers appears in the eyes of the poet: the clouds are careless and the water is free. The white clouds are floating in the wind, rolling and rolling freely, without worries; the spring water is gurgling, flowing freely, calmly and contentedly. The poet did not intend to describe the towering Tianping Mountain and the clarity of the first water in Wuzhong, but he deliberately described the state of Yun Wuxin coming out of Xiu, expressing Baiyun's magnanimous and indifferent mind and the quiet and elegant demeanor of the spring water. The two characters "zi" are used in conjunction with each other in the sentence to emphasize Yunshui's freedom, self-satisfaction, carefreeness and comfort. Here, you pay attention to the scenery with empathy, and the scenery embodies emotions, and the clouds are free of distractions. This is exactly the self-portrait of the poet's thoughts and feelings.

In 825-826 AD (the first to the second year of Baoli reign of Emperor Jingzong of the Tang Dynasty), when Bai Juyi was appointed governor of Suzhou, government affairs were very busy and complicated. The poor scenery of morning and evening disappears in the two offices ("Twelve Rhymes of Autumn Post"), and I feel very unfree. Facing the leisurely white clouds and spring water, and comparing the situation of my heart as a slave, I can't help but feel envious, and a kind of quiet and indifferent thought arises spontaneously: Why rush down the mountain and add more waves to the world? ! I wonder why the clear white cloud spring water rushes down the mountain and adds fuel to the troubled world! Since Bai Juyi was demoted to Sima Jiangzhou in 815 AD (the tenth year of Yuanhe), his ambition to save the world and his vigor in struggle have gradually decreased, while his thoughts of contentment, peacekeeping, and self-reliance have gradually increased. When he was serving as the governor of Suzhou, he deeply felt that there were many things in public and private affairs, and there was little joy in the decline. It is lazy to greet guests and send off guests, and it is difficult to flog the common people ("Zi Yong"). I hope to get rid of the annoying worldly affairs as soon as possible.

The last two sentences reveal the emotion of not retiring from office since he has no one to love. They reflect the poet's thought of being at peace with the situation and retiring from the world, and show an aspect of the poet's later outlook on life.

This poem Qijue is like a light-ink landscape painting with bright and concise lines. The poet does not pay attention to depicting the scenery of Tianping Mountain with thick ink and heavy colors, but focuses on imitating the appearance of white clouds and spring water, personifying it, making it full of vitality and vitality, imbuing the poet's own leisurely feelings, giving people a sense of humor of freshness. The poet adopts symbolic techniques to describe the scenery and aspirations, and uses the freedom and freedom of clouds and water to metaphor his tranquil mind and leisurely mood; he uses the natural waves stirred by spring water to symbolize the social ups and downs. Outside the image, there is deep sustenance and full of rationality and interest. The style of poetry is plain and simple. In the Qing Dynasty, Tian Wen said that Lotte's poems were very simple and lovely. They often used the things in front of them as insights, which was not done by others. ("Gu Huantang Collection") This comment just expresses the artistic characteristics of this Qijue. Bai Juyi has a feeling when looking at the moon

"Looking at the moon has a feeling"

Author: Bai Juyi

Original text:

Since the war in Henan, hunger has been blocked in the pass ,

The brothers are separated, each in one place.

Because of my feelings while looking at the moon and my thoughts in the book,

I send them to the eldest brother Fuliang,

the seventh brother Yu Qian, and the fifteenth brother Wujiang,

Also shows Fuli and Xiagui brothers and sisters.

It was a difficult time and the world was desolate, and the business was empty. The brothers were traveling in various places.

After the war in the deserted countryside, the bones and flesh were scattered on the road.

The hanging shadow is divided into thousands of miles of wild geese, and the roots are scattered into nine-autumn pendants.

***When I look at the bright moon, I should shed tears. My heart will be in the same place all night long.

Notes:

1. Henan: Henan Road in the Tang Dynasty governed most of present-day Henan Province and parts of Shandong, Jiangsu and Anhui Provinces.

2. Guannei: Guannei Road governs most of today's Shaanxi and parts of Gansu, Ningxia, and Inner Mongolia. Prevent hunger: Suffer from famine and other difficulties.

3. Fuliang eldest brother: Bai Juyi's eldest brother Youwen served as the chief bookkeeper of Fuliang, Raozhou (now Jiangxi) in the 14th and 5th years of Zhenyuan.

4. Yu Qian's seventh brother: the eldest son of Bai Juyi's uncle Ji Kang, who was the county captain of Yu Qian (now Lin'an County, Zhejiang Province) at that time.

5. The fifteenth brother of Wujiang: Bai Juyi's Cong brother Yi was the chief registrar of Wujiang (now Hexian County, Anhui Province) at that time.

6. Fuli: In present-day Suzhou City, Anhui Province. Bai Juyi's father had been an official in Pengcheng (now Xuzhou) for many years, so he settled his family in Fuli.

7. Xiagui: the name of the county, where it is governed today in Weinan County, Shaanxi Province. The Bai family's ancestral home was here.

8. Shiye: an inheritance passed down from generation to generation.

9. Jilu: still wandering.

10. Lonely: left out.

11. Fighting: Originally two weapons, this refers to war.

12. Root: Yu brothers.

13. Hanging shadow: Feeling sorry for the shadow. There are no relatives around, so I feel sad for my own shadow alone.

14. Thousand-mile goose: refers to a stray goose, a lonely goose.

15. Jiuqiu Peng: In autumn, the Pengcao breaks away from its roots and flies with the wind. The ancients used it to describe a wanderer wandering in a foreign land.

16. Jiuqiu: Autumn.

Translation:

Since the war in Henan,

the water transportation in the Guan area has been blocked, resulting in famine.

Our brothers have been separated as a result. ,

Each in one place.

I was touched by seeing the moon,

I wrote a poem to record my feelings,

and sent it to my elder brother and Yu Qian in Fuliang. The seventh brother in Wujiang, the fifteenth brother in Wujiang, and the younger brothers and sisters in Fuli and Xiagui are watching.

The times were difficult, the war was turbulent, and the family fortune was empty;

The brothers were wandering and living in different places, each in the west and east.

After the war, everything was deserted and the countryside was deserted;

Family and flesh were separated and wandered, lost on the road.

The stray geese are separated by thousands of miles, and they are inseparable;

Brothers from the same root fly away in the wind, just like autumn pods.

Looking at the bright moon from all over the world, everyone sheds tears;

Tonight, you and I are homesick with the same heart, and the five places are the same.

Appreciation:

This is a lyrical poem with strong emotions, written in the autumn of 799 AD (the fifteenth year of Zhenyuan year of Emperor Dezong of Tang Dynasty). At that time, the poet went to Fuli (Suzhou City, Anhui Province) and once wrote the poem "Passing through Liugou Temple after the Rebellion". Liugou Temple was located in Fuli. The brothers and sisters mentioned in the title may be both in Fuli and the poet himself, so together there are five places. In the spring of 799 AD (the fifteenth year of Zhenyuan), after the death of Dong Jin, the governor of Xuanwu, his subordinates rebelled, and then Wu Shaocheng, the governor of Zhong, Guang, Cai and other states, rebelled again. The Tang court dispatched sixteen troops to attack, and the battle took place in Henan. At that time, water transportation in the south mainly passed through the Henan Transport Pass. Due to the economic turmoil in Henan, there was a shortage of food in the pass. The whole poem is about remembering my brothers and sisters after the chaos of writing scriptures.

Reading this poem is like listening to the poet talk about the pain of separation and chaos. In this era of war, famine, and disasters, the ancestral family property has been wiped out. Brothers and sisters have left their homes, lost their jobs, and are now traveling and working. Looking back at my hometown and countryside after the war, I found it desolate and desolate. Although the dilapidated garden is still there, the separated flesh and blood of our compatriots are each running on the road to a foreign land. The first two couplets of the poem start from the disasters of the era of hardship and famine, and use personal experience to summarize the typical suffering real life of frequent wars, desolate homes, and separation of brothers and sisters. Then the poet compares wild geese and fluffy birds: the limbs are separated in one place, just like the lone wild goose flying thousands of miles apart, which can only hang around and pity itself; bidding farewell to its hometown and wandering around, it is also like the fluffy grass with its roots cut off in late autumn. The west wind flies away in the sky, drifting indefinitely. The hanging shadow is divided into thousands of miles of wild geese, and the poem "Jiu Qiupeng" is written in two sentences, which has always been recited by people. The poet not only made an apt comparison with the lone wild goose thousands of miles away and the broken canopy in the nine autumns, but also gave them a lonely and desolate mood with vivid descriptions such as the hanging shadows flying apart and the words roots separated, which profoundly revealed the suffering of the war-torn desolation. . The lonely poet lay awake late at night in despair. He raised his head and looked at the bright moon hanging alone in the night sky, and couldn't help but think of his brothers and sisters scattered all over the place. He thought: If everyone were looking up at the bright moon that seduce infinite homesickness at this time, they would shed tears just like him! I'm afraid that during this night, the hearts of people scattered in five places who deeply miss their homeland will also be the same. Here, the poet uses his long and sincere poetic thoughts to construct a picture of looking at the moon in five places and feeling homesick, thus concluding the whole poem and creating a simple, sincere and evocative artistic realm.

The whole poem uses the technique of line drawing and ordinary homely words to express the true emotions that are common to people but not everyone can express them. Liu Xizai of the Qing Dynasty said in "Yi Gui": Common words are easy, strange words are difficult, this is the beginning of this poem. Strange words are easy, but ordinary words are difficult. This is the key point of this poem. Xiangshan is often used for wonders, and this beautiful place is not easy to get to. This poem by Bai Juyi does not use allusions or extravagant illustrations. The language is simple and plain, but it has profound meaning and moving charm. It can be called a masterpiece that is often used in surprising ways.