Does anyone have the answers to the Outline of Modern Chinese History for the Zhejiang Province Higher Education Self-Study Examination in July 2010? It's the answer, don't have a test paper without

Does anyone have the answers to the Outline of Modern Chinese History for the Zhejiang Province Higher Education Self-Study Examination in July 2010? It's the answer, don't have a test paper without an answer...

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41. The main manifestations of the rise and fall of China’s feudal society.

In the late Qianlong Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty began to decline from prosperity. Its manifestations are:

1) Politically, centralization of power has been strengthened, the official system has been weakened, and the overall bureaucracy has been corrupted.

2) Economically, land annexation is serious, land rent and loan sharking are getting worse, the number of farmers with less land is increasing, and farmers’ lives are extremely difficult.

3) Militarily, military strength is declining and armaments are depleted. The Eight Banners Army and Green Camp soldiers were corrupted and had no fighting capacity.

4) In terms of ideology and culture, absolutism was strictly enforced, literary inquisition was launched, heresy was suppressed, and thousands of horses were silenced.

5) In terms of external relations, the country implements a closed-door policy and is almost isolated from the world.

42. The limitations of the New Culture Movement before the May 4th Movement.

1) The advocates of the New Culture Movement did not reveal the social roots of the existence of feudal despotism; (It is wrong to attribute the fundamental cause of the failure of bourgeois democracy and the state plan to ideological culture. The bourgeois democracy they advocate cannot effectively transform Chinese society)

2) They give priority to transforming national character, but they are divorced from the revolutionary practice of transforming the social environment that gave rise to feudal ideas. , did not spread the movement to the masses of workers and peasants, and relied only on the shouts of a few people, it would be difficult to achieve its goals.

3) Many of them have a formalistic tendency of absolute affirmation or absolute negation in their thinking methods.

43. The historical significance and status of the Nanchang Uprising.

1) It fired the first shot in armed resistance to the Kuomintang’s rule

2) It became the basis for the Communist Party to independently lead the revolutionary war, create the people’s army and seize power with armed force. The Great Beginning

3) It opened the prelude to the revolutionary war of the Agrarian Revolution.

44. Briefly describe the content and historical role of the "Seven Thousand People Conference".

Content: In January and February 1962, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held an expanded Central Work Conference in Beijing. More than 7,000 party, government, and military leading cadres at the central, regional, provincial, municipal, autonomous region, regional, and county levels attended the meeting, which was called the "Seven Thousand People Conference." Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi and others criticized and self-criticized the work of previous years and initially summarized their experiences.

Historical role: This meeting played a positive role in restoring the spirit of seeking truth from facts, democracy and self-criticism, and played a key role in implementing the "eight-character policy" and promoting the rapid improvement of the situation.

45. The scientific connotation and spiritual essence of the scientific outlook on development.

The Third Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held in October 2003 formally proposed a scientific development concept that adheres to people-oriented, comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development. In October 2007, Hu Jintao comprehensively discussed the scientific connotation and spiritual essence of the Scientific Outlook on Development in his report to the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.

1) Connotation:

a. The scientific concept of development, the first priority is development, the core is people-oriented, the basic requirement is comprehensive coordination and sustainability, and the fundamental method is overall planning and consideration.

b. We must always regard the realization, maintenance and development of the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people as the starting point and goal of all work of the party and the country; we must ensure that development is for the people, development relies on the people, and development results Enjoyed by the people.

2) Spiritual essence:

a. The Scientific Outlook on Development is guided by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China with Hu Jintao as General Secretary, adhering to Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of "Three Represents" , a major strategic thought put forward based on the overall development of the party and the country's cause in the new century and new stage.

b. It is a concentrated expression of the Marxist worldview and methodology on development. It is in the same line as Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of "Three Represents" while also advancing with the times. Scientific theory is an important guiding principle for my country's economic and social development and a major strategic thought that must be adhered to and implemented to develop socialism with Chinese characteristics.

46. Discuss the historical role of the Westernization Movement.

1) Objectively promoted the development of China’s early industry and national capitalism. The Westernization faction inherited Wei Yuan's idea of ??"learning from the barbarians and developing skills to control the barbarians". With the goal of "seeking strength" and "seeking wealth", they developed military industry and several civilian enterprises, making the capitalist economic elements obvious in the social economy. increase.

2) Became the beginning of modern education in China. In order to cultivate new diplomatic, military, and scientific and technological talents, the Westernizationists opened a number of new schools and sent out the earliest government-sponsored overseas students. This was the beginning of modern education in China.

3) Spread new knowledge and open people’s horizons. The Westernizationists translated a number of Western books, introduced modern Western scientific and cultural knowledge, brought new knowledge and new knowledge to China at that time, and broadened people's horizons.

4) Caused changes in social atmosphere and values. With the rise of the Westernization Movement and the emergence of the capitalist mode of production, traditional values ??have also been impacted, and social atmosphere has also changed. This is conducive to the development of capitalism and the transformation of social atmosphere.

47. Try to describe the great significance of the founding of the People’s Republic of China.

The establishment of the People's Republic of China announced that the era in which the Chinese people are the masters of the country has arrived, and this has ushered in a new era in Chinese history.

1) The history of imperialist powers oppressing China and enslaving the Chinese people has ended. The Chinese nation has washed away the humiliation it has suffered in the past century and begins to stand on its own in the world of nations with a new attitude. The Chinese, who account for a quarter of the total human population, have since stood up.

2) The history of the rule of feudalism and bureaucratic capitalism in this country has ended. The Chinese people, who have been oppressed and bullied for a long time, have turned over politically and become the members of the new society and the new country for the first time. Owner. A republic that truly belongs to the people was established.

3) The history of warlord separatism, frequent wars, and constant banditry has ended. The country has been basically unified, the ethnic groups have united, the social and political situation has tended to be stable, and people of all ethnic groups have begun to live and work in peace and contentment. The period has begun when the people can concentrate their efforts on economic and cultural construction.

4) Fundamentally changed the development direction of Chinese society and created prerequisites for the transition from new democracy to socialism.

5) The Communist Party of China has become the ruling party nationwide. It can use state power to gather and mobilize national forces, liberate and develop social productive forces, and benefit people of all ethnic groups and the entire Chinese nation. This provides a fundamental political guarantee for consolidating the achievements of national independence and people's liberation and for carrying out socialist modernization.

In short, the establishment of the People's Republic of China marked the basic victory of China's new-democratic revolution, the end of semi-colonial and semi-feudal society and the establishment of new-democratic society nationwide. of establishment. This is a great victory of combining Marxism with Chinese reality. The first historical task faced by China in modern times, that is, the task of seeking national independence and people's liberation has basically been completed; this is the first step to achieve the second historical task, that is, to realize the prosperity of the country and the common prosperity of the people. , created the premise and opened up the road.

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