Reform first started in rural areas. Which village was the first to be reformed?

1. Reform first started in rural areas. Which village was the first to be reformed?

Xiaogang Village is located in Xiaoxihe Town, Fengyang County, Chuzhou City, Anhui Province, 25 kilometers east of Fengyang County and 15 kilometers away from the Fengyang exit of Ningluo Expressway (G36). As of 2018, Xiaogang Village has 23 villager groups, 940 households, and 4,173 people. The village covers an area of ??15 square kilometers, including 14,500 acres of arable land. Speaking of Xiaogang Village, I believe most people have a vague sense of familiarity, because this is a village that appears in our history textbooks. Forty years ago, Xiaogang Village was very poor. Food depended on food supplies, money depended on relief, and production relied on loans. Almost every household had the experience of going out to beg for food. In 1978, under the premise that the policy at that time was unclear, 18 farmers in Xiaogang Village took great risks and made a life-and-death decision by "entrusting orphans" to them. They pressed red on the land contract responsibility letter. Mudra creates the "Xiaogang spirit". The internal reforms of China's reform and opening up began in rural areas. Xiaogang Village implemented the household contract responsibility system (large contract responsibility system) of "distributing fields to households and taking responsibility for their own profits and losses", which not only opened up the revitalization of Xiaogang Village. This road is also the prelude to China’s internal reform. It can be said that the household contract responsibility system pioneered in Xiaogang Village provided valuable experience for the rural development situation that faced difficulties in the early stages of reform and opening up.

Today's Xiaogang Village is a national key cultural relics protection unit. It has China's Happy Village, China's Rural Red Heritage Village, the National Red Tourism Classic Scenic Spot, the National Tourism Village, the National Cadre Education and Training Base, and the National It has been honored as a study tourism demonstration base, China's beautiful leisure villages, China's well-known characteristic towns, and a national college student holiday social practice education base.

2. Reform measures in Xiaogang Village

Change 1: Take the lead in implementing the household contract responsibility system. In 1978, Xiaogang Village suffered a severe drought that had not happened in a century. The villagers in Xiaogang Village were faced with the difficult situation of not being able to eat even a bite of vegetables. At that time, most of the land in the village was owned by the production team, but the harvest efficiency was not high. In the desperate situation, the villagers came up with the idea of ????dividing the fields and "dividing the fields and working alone", so they discussed this idea with other villagers in the village, and the 20 families in the production team all agreed. So, on November 24, 1978, 20 households in the village sent representatives to sign the documents. In the early days, the household responsibility system and the villagers in Xiaogang Village also encountered some doubts, but in the end it successfully opened the curtain of China's rural reform.

Change 2: Actively promote the “tourism” project. As China's "first village in rural reform", Xiaogang Village has the advantage to develop characteristic rural tourism. With the theme of red spiritual culture such as "Big Contract", the village has vigorously developed tourism. Xiaogang Village has used local folk culture to create a number of characteristic B&Bs and workshops, attracting a large number of tourists. At the same time, according to demand, Xiaogang Village continues to innovate and launch special cultural theme activities and launch rural food festivals, based on creating a good brand advantage for Xiaogang Village tourism.

Change Three: Carry out the reform of collective asset joint-stock cooperative system. Since 2016, Xiaogang Village has carried out the reform of the collective asset joint-stock cooperative system and the pilot project of "turning resources into assets, capital into shares, and farmers into shareholders". From every household owning land, to everyone holding shares and receiving dividends, Xiaogang Village has once again reached the forefront of rural reform. The villagers of Xiaogang Village spontaneously became rich first and then got rich later. The villagers who got rich first took the lead in establishing the Xiaogang Village Land Share Cooperative, which pooled the land in the form of shares and led the villagers to participate in rice and shrimp cultivation, which greatly improved It has greatly improved land utilization efficiency and villagers’ income.

3. The results of reform in Xiaogang Village

The exploration and innovation industry continues to grow

After the implementation of the household contract responsibility system, although it has gone through some It was a difficult time, but the enthusiasm of the villagers in Xiaogang Village for land farming increased significantly and the land utilization rate was improved. The following year, some villagers harvested more than 20,000 kilograms of wheat from 60 acres of land at home, and there was still some surplus after paying off the foreign debts of the team. . Xiaogang Village did not stop innovating there. The thoughtful villagers in the village began to develop poultry breeding such as chickens, ducks, and pigs, and went to the market in the city to sell the poultry for slaughter through the order-based sales model. In the grain belt With an annual income of 60,000 yuan, the breeding industry brings an annual income of 80,000 yuan.

In addition, at that time, Xiaogang Village had to pay more than 100,000 yuan in withdrawals and taxes every year. For this reason, the villagers contacted a cigarette factory company in Hefei to use the reputation of Xiaogang Village to produce Xiaogang Village brand cigarettes. The cigarette factory was responsible for Xiaogang Village paid the deposit.

In the new era, thanks to the good tourism resource endowment of Xiaogang Village Scenic Spot, Xiaogang Village has unique topography and rich physical tourism resources. At the same time, the spirit of big contract was born here, with high political visibility and social influence. With great power, Xiaogang Village began to vigorously develop tourism, based on building a 5A-level scenic spot (currently 4A). In terms of folk customs, Xiaogang Village has regional folk resources such as Fengyang flower drums, phoenix paintings, fork pullers, and money poles.

In order to vigorously develop tourism, Xiaogang Village has invested 750 million yuan to build major attractions such as Dabaogan Memorial Hall, Shen Hao Memorial Hall, the farmhouse of the year, 4,300 acres of high-standard agricultural demonstration fields, Jinxiaogang, and vineyards. We have successfully created a reform-and-innovation tourist attraction that integrates red classic education, rural leisure experience, rural tourism, folk experience and other products, with prominent themes and complex products.

The Dabaogan Memorial Hall in the village has special displays such as "The Most Beautiful Struggler" and "Reform Pioneer"; outside the museum, a group sculpture of "Dabaogan Leaders" and the blood of 18 Dabaogan leaders were designed. The handprint sculptures and the "Field of Hope" sculpture deepen and highlight the theme of red culture.

By building a street of workshops, selling some folk handicrafts and green agricultural products such as Fengyang flower drums, wood crafts, Fengyang phoenix paintings, etc., combined with 30 Fengyang characteristic B&Bs, the Fengyang characteristic folk customs Cultural products and B&B culture are cleverly combined, allowing tourists to participate in the production of special folk crafts and visit B&Bs; at the same time, a farming experience area such as a grain drying farm has been set up. Let visitors experience and participate to increase interaction. Xiaogang Village has also built a rural stage to perform some Fengyang original traditional music such as Fengyang Flower Drums. Honghao Academy has been built to regularly hold calligraphy and painting art exchanges, Chinese studies lectures, and other activities. Since then, we have carried out red tourism, folk custom tourism, green ecological tourism, and study tours, which have enriched the tourism products of Xiaogang Village.

In terms of publicity, Xiaogang Village continues to innovate some theme activities to create characteristic culture and themes, launching rural food festivals, "Liyuan Commune" free pear tree adoption, "Country Theme Park" parent-child tours, etc. A variety of activities create a brand for the tourism industry in Xiaogang Village with characteristics. Under the guiding philosophy of "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets", we have vigorously transformed the environment, taking advantage of our own rice fields, rape fields, pear orchards, and cherry blossom gardens to develop patterned plantings to further optimize the tourism environment. In 2018, Xiaogang Village achieved a collective economic income of 10.2 million yuan; the per capita disposable income of villagers was 21,020 yuan

The industries in Xiaogang Village present a diversified model. In addition to tourism, villagers have more sources of income. . As a "county" that implements the household contract responsibility system, the development of many industries in Xiaogang Village has always revolved around "land".

On the west side of Reform Avenue in Xiaogang Village, there is a 500-acre large-scale rice planting area, a 500-acre modern agriculture demonstration planting base jointly organized and implemented by Beidahuang Qixing Farm and Xiaogang Village *** . It is reported that in 2014, Xiaogang Village planned the Xiaogang Agricultural Products Deep Processing Industrial Park with a total area of ??5 square kilometers, introducing large food processing enterprises, Anhui Xiaogang Panpan Food Company, Guyoumei Food Technology Company, Huiguan Agricultural Parboiled Rice Deep processing projects have been gradually settled. Among them, the Anhui Xiaogang Panpan Food Co., Ltd. project has a total investment of 1.06 billion yuan, covering an area of ??280 acres. It has put into operation a modern production workshop, product testing and R&D center and related modern supporting service facilities. It has been introduced from the United States, Austria, Germany, etc. With domestic and foreign advanced equipment and automated production lines, it can achieve annual intensive processing of 200,000 tons of potatoes, corn, wheat and other agricultural and sideline products, employ 1,500 people, and achieve profits and taxes exceeding 100 million yuan.

In addition, in 2016, Xiaogang Village cooperated with Anhui Provincial Agricultural Reclamation Group to transfer 4,300 acres of land, implement unified management and operation, and carry out collective asset joint-stock cooperative system reform. Everyone in Xiaogang Village holds shares and receives dividends. In December of the same year, Fengyang Xiaogang Technology Company was established to implement the "Internet Big Contract" China rural empowerment project, cultivate rural specialty agricultural products brands, and benefit more than 380 farmers. Xiaogang Village's innovative spirit of daring to explore and keeping pace with the times is a rare and precious spiritual wealth. This is also the reason why Xiaogang Village's industry has continued to grow.

Start construction to meet the needs of villagers

Since the reform and opening up, the villagers of Xiaogang Village have lived in thatched houses, tile-roofed houses, and later bungalows with prefabricated panels as roofs. The current reinforced concrete building has gone through four generations of housing. The roads in the village have changed from the earliest mud roads, to gravel roads, cement roads, and now to asphalt roads. In the past, people had to go out by walking. Now, about 70% of the villagers in Xiaogang Village own private cars. After the economy developed, the days of being hungry and begging for food were gone forever. In addition, in recent years, Xiaogang Village has gradually improved the level of building a beautiful and livable countryside based on the needs of villagers. The council will solicit villagers’ opinions on how to build houses in Xiaogang Village, what kind of houses to build, and who to build them.

While the construction planning of Xiaogang Village is under way, the village’s “two committees” will entrust professional The planning and design of the unit is reviewed by experts and then submitted to the village council for voting. Council members provide opinions on the housing type, structure, height, interior design, etc. During the construction process, council members take turns going to the construction site to supervise the construction*. **Renovated and built 1,102 new residential houses, added nearly one million square meters of greening, built a number of major infrastructures such as the Dabaogan Memorial Hall, successfully obtained the approval of the national 4A-level scenic spot, and is striving to become a 5A-level scenic spot, and public institutions such as hospitals, schools, nursing homes, etc. ***The service facilities are becoming more and more perfect. When you walk into Xiaogang Village, there are avenues connecting the beginning and end of the village. The small farmhouses with white walls and black tiles are nestled among the green pines and green bamboos, which looks like a beautiful picture of livability.

Actively create beautiful rural customs in all aspects

Xiaogang Village actively carries out new era civilized volunteer service activities in the village, strictly regulates and improves village residences, village appearance and environmental sanitation, and carries out changes in customs. Advocating civility and establishing new trends has created a good environment for the development of rural tourism in Xiaogang Village. Cooperating with the Social Governance Research Institute of Anhui University of Finance and Economics, we have created a new social governance model integrating "community party building, community consultation, and community creation" in the three districts; "Xiaogang Village Beautiful Village Action Implementation Plan" and three supporting decisions, carry out civilized creation activities, and establish a multi-level organizational structure of cadres, health supervisors, villagers, sanitation companies, Xinxiang sages, volunteers, etc. under the leadership of the party committee , not only selects rewards, but also assesses and punishes, giving full play to the main role of villagers, establishing a "four areas and two lines" grid social management mechanism in Xiaogang Village, setting up a Xiaogang Village Mediation Center, and building a safe, legal and harmonious new Xiaogang. It has been realized that "small things do not go out of the group, big things do not go out of the village, conflicts do not be handed over, and problems do not expand.

Xiaogang Village holds a Spring Festival Gala every year. It has also successfully held the first Farmers' Harvest Festival event of "Hope for a Harvest in the Fields and a Golden Autumn", and carried out high-quality rice tasting, the appointment of the first batch of intellectual-introduced doctors, the contract signing of the farmer's manor project, and the adoption and picking of pear trees, as well as various cultural activities. At the same time, the first village-level "Virtue Bank" in Anhui Province was launched to cultivate civilized rural customs by saving villagers' virtues and good behavioral habits.

According to the "Xiaogang Village Virtue Bank Points Plan" formulated by Xiaogang Village, Xiaogang Village Virtue Bank can save money for six items, including good people and deeds, public welfare activities, changing customs, courageous acts of justice, praise and commendation, and garbage classification. Different amounts of points can be exchanged for virtuous behaviors, ranging from 10 points for ordinary good people and good deeds to 500 points for the highest national recognition and bravery. Villagers who actively perform some virtuous and good deeds can continuously accumulate their own virtue points. . At the same time, Xiaogang Village's virtue bank storage points can be cashed into daily necessities. The top 100 families with annual points will be given priority to participate in various selections and commendations in the village.

Party building leads the creation of good order

Xiaogang Village focuses on the construction of the party committee team to consolidate the grassroots foundation. Through "internal selection", "external guidance" and "sending from superiors" and other methods to select and strengthen the village party committee team, the goal of selecting a good secretary, building a strong team, finding the right path and promoting development has been achieved. The team includes foreign cadres, descendants of leaders with big contract work, as well as university student village officials and leaders in getting rich. At the same time, we will comprehensively strengthen the standardization of village party organizations, further promote the disclosure of party affairs, government affairs, and village affairs, and strengthen village collective funds, assets, and resources. Supervision has further enhanced the cohesion and centripetal force of the party committee team, and built the village party committee into a strong fighting fortress for implementing the party's policies, leading the villagers to get rich, keeping close contact with the masses, and maintaining rural stability.

Focus on the expectations of the masses and identify new breakthroughs in rural reform. Reforms should be implemented closely around the main line of properly handling the relationship between farmers and land.

Promote the "separation of three powers", solidly advance the reform of the collective asset cooperative system and the "three changes" reform in Xiaogang Village, and complete the reform of the management system of small water conservancy projects. Establish a grid social management mechanism, set up a village mediation center and a comprehensive management center, set up a voluntary mediation committee, a villagers' council and a new district villagers' self-built housing council to allow villagers to play the main role; regularly carry out "Xiaogang Good Man" and "Good Wife" Various selection activities such as "Good Mother-in-law and Good Son", "Hygienic Household" and "Ten-Star Civilized Household" were carried out, and a series of activities such as "Pay attention to hygiene, shape the image, and create a new civilized and healthy life" were carried out.

2. Can I get a loan to open an ecological farm? What materials are needed?

Of course it’s money

3. Can I get a loan for a self-built house on the farm?

Yes

You can apply for a loan for self-built houses in rural areas, as long as the borrower is an adult with full civil capacity, has the ability to repay the loan, and has no record of dishonesty, etc., and The mortgaged property for the loan only needs to be property that can be used as mortgage according to the law.

1. Aged over 18 years old (including 18 years old) but under 60 years old, have a fixed residence in a rural area, be in good health, have full civil capacity and labor capacity, and hold a valid identity document;

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2. Be the head of a rural family or other members of the family designated in writing by the head of the household;

3. Engage in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery and other agricultural production operations or industry, commerce, construction , transportation, service industry and other non-agricultural production and business activities;

4. Other conditions required by the bank. The credit period for farmers generally does not exceed 1 year, and the longest period does not exceed 3 years. The quota for farmers is 30,000-50,000.

4. What policy support can ecological farms enjoy? Where to apply?

1. Departments for project application: Agricultural Bureau, Agricultural Office, Finance Bureau, Tourism Bureau, Forestry Bureau, Development and Reform Commission, etc. These departments can apply every year, and each project will probably have dozens of applications. Financial support of RMB 10,000; Water Conservancy Bureau, Environmental Protection Bureau, Economic and Trade Bureau, etc. can also apply, but the project funds will be less.

2. Application Notes

1. There are many projects in each province every year, and there is also great competition. The time from notification to application deadline for each project is very short, so usually It is necessary to have a good relationship with these departments above and obtain information as soon as possible.

2. Necessary materials for enterprises to apply for agricultural projects

The enterprise’s legal person certificate, copy of business license, enterprise balance sheet, local government supporting funds description, land use certificate, and loan certificate , environmental impact assessment report, etc.

3. Conditions for application

① The applicant has legal person status; ② The operation period is more than two years, and it is profitable and has a certain scale and strength; ③ In the past two years The debt-to-fund ratio is less than or equal to 95%, and the bank credit rating is A; ④ The market potential of the products developed is relatively large; ⑤ The project can drive farmers; ⑥ The economic benefits of the enterprise are good.

Extended information:

Some points to note when operating an ecological farm:

1. Excessive investment in fixed assets. A large number of people invest money in roads and bridges. , pavilions, water turrets, greening, gate towers, etc., which eventually led to the break of the capital chain, and the operation was over before it even started.

2. Lack of early planning. Many people who run farms think that they can build a farm by learning by doing. However, due to lack of experience, they are unable to consider the overall situation, or they make directional errors and suffer heavy losses.

3. Lack of characteristics. Many farms inspect and learn from other peers, and then imitate them, gradually turning into imitation products. Without their own farm characteristics, they naturally cannot compete. They need to create something with their own characteristics so that others can stay.