Historical events in Jining

An ancient land, according to archaeological discoveries, as early as 7300 years ago in the Neolithic Age, there were human beings. In summer, Shan State is in the south, Tengguo and Guo Xue are in the north and northwest. After many twists and turns, it was renamed. In the Ming Dynasty, Tengxian county was located in the north, Yizhou was located in the south, and Yizhou was later reduced to a county. A clear system. After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), Zaozhuang was under the jurisdiction of Taiwan Province Jujube Department and Nishan Department, and/kloc-0 was under the jurisdiction of tengxian Department in May, 1950. 1July, 953, belonging to Jining Society. 1960,65438+10 month, Yixian county was abolished and county-level Zaozhuang city was established. 196 1 September, designated as a provincial city. 1979, tengxian was transferred from Jining District to Zaozhuang City. Zaozhuang residents, as early as Downing, formed a village named after many jujube trees. In the past hundred years, with the development of coal industry, it has gradually evolved into a market town, and has now been built into a medium-sized industrial city focusing on energy production, coal coke chemical industry, building materials, food, electricity, textile, machinery, electronics and so on.

In this land, there have been many historical events that shocked China and foreign countries in the past hundred years. 1923, Sun Meiyao, the leader of the "shoulder pole", led his troops to destroy the track between Lincheng and Shagou of Jin-Pu Railway, hijacked more than 300 Chinese and foreign passengers on the second express train, including 39 foreign tourists, and went to Baodu, creating the first major case in the Republic of China and causing a sensation in the world. 10000 in March, 938, China's army and the Japanese invaders fought fiercely in Taierzhuang, Zaozhuang, which lasted for 33 days. * * * annihilated more than 0/0000 Japanese troops, and finally ended in rout. Flying Tigers was founded in 1940. This time, the Japanese armed activities attacked foreign firms, stripped railways, bombed trains, and uprooted strongholds on the railway lines in Zaozhuang and Lincheng, which made the Japanese aggressor troops frightened.

For thousands of years, many important historical figures have appeared in this land. During the Warring States Period, the noble name of Qi State was Meng Changqun, who was named Hou by Xue. He had 3,000 diners, who successively served as Qi Xiang, Qin Xiang and Wei Xiang. He was a famous figure in the world at that time. Xue is a man and a member of Zhao Pingyuan Group. He recommended himself to the State of Chu and persuaded the King of Chu to unite against the State of Qin. "Self-recommendation" is a much-told story passed down from generation to generation. At the beginning of Han Dynasty, Xue's uncle was gifted and intelligent. He was worshipped as a doctor by Liu Bang, the ancestor of Han Dynasty, and later as a prince of Taifu, which played an important role in the establishment and consolidation of Han Dynasty. Kuang Heng, a native of Zengxian County in the Western Han Dynasty, was diligent and studious since childhood. He once circulated the story of "stealing the wall", and when he was transferred to the post of Prince Taifu and Prime Minister, he was promoted to be a celebrity in previous dynasties. Jia Sanjin, a scholar in Qin Long in the Ming Dynasty, is knowledgeable. He used to be the secretary of Nanjing Guanglu Temple twice. According to textual research, the author of Jin Ping Mei is this person. Besides, Mozi, Teng Wengong, Shu Guang and Shu Shou are all famous historical figures.

The development of history

In Xia Dynasty, today's Zaozhuang area belonged to Shan State in the south, Tengguo and Guo Xue in the north and west. During the Shang Dynasty, Zaozhuang was divided into Tengguo and Tanguo in the northwest, Tanguo in the northeast, Tuo in the middle and Forced Yang in the south. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, today's Zaozhuang region belonged to Shan State in the east, Forced Yang State in the south, Xue State in the west and Teng and Tan States in the north. In the Spring and Autumn Period, today's Zaozhuang area belongs to the Yong State in the east, the Yang State in the south, the Xue State in the west, and the Teng State and Xiao State in the north. During the Warring States Period, today's Zaozhuang area has Lanling in the east, Fuyang in the south, Zhouzhu in the west and Tengguo in the north. In 254 BC, today's Zaozhuang belonged to the State of Chu. In the Qin Dynasty, today's eastern part of Zaozhuang is Lanling County and Yong County of Yong County, the southern part is Fuyang County, the western part is Xue County and Qi County of Xue County, and the northern part is Teng County. During the Western Han Dynasty, the northern part of Zaozhuang belonged to Lu and the southern part to Chu. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, today's Zaozhuang area belongs to Donghai County. During the Three Kingdoms period, the whole area of Zaozhuang belonged to Wei. During the Jin Dynasty, the northern part of Zaozhuang belonged to Lu County, which was located in Fan County, Xue County, Gongqiu County and Qixian County, and the southern part belonged to Lanling County, which was located in yi county, Yongxian County, Hexiang County. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the northern part of Zaozhuang today belonged to Luxian County, which governed Fan, Yongxing and Lanling County, and the southern part belonged to Lanling County, which governed Tea, Tan and Fuyang. After 550 AD, only two counties, Chahe and Fan, were established in Zaozhuang today. In the Sui Dynasty, today, the northern part of Zaozhuang was Fan County, later changed to tengxian, and the southern part was Lanling County, later changed to Border County. In the Tang Dynasty, today Zaozhuang belonged to Henan Road, with tengxian in the north and Lanling County in the south, and then changed to Bixian County. In Song Dynasty, the northern part of Zaozhuang was Teng County, and the southern part was Bi County. In the Jin Dynasty, the northern part of Zaozhuang today was tengxian and the southern part was Yizhou. In the Yuan Dynasty, Tengxian was located in Yizhou in the north and south of Zaozhuang City. In the Ming Dynasty, Zaozhuang today belonged to Jining Prefecture, then to Yanzhou Prefecture, to tengxian in the north, to Yizhou in the south, and then to yi county. In Qing Dynasty, Zaozhuang belonged to Yanzhou Prefecture, with tengxian in the north and Shexian in the south. During the Republic of China, it followed the division of the Qing Dynasty. After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), Zaozhuang still belongs to Tengxian and yi county, and is under the leadership of Jining institutions. 1960 Yixian was changed to county-level Zaozhuang city. 196 1 Zaozhuang was upgraded to a municipality under the jurisdiction of Shandong province.

Ancient and modern celebrities

Zhong Xi

Ren surnamed Gu (now Tengzhou City). According to legend, after the Yellow Emperor, his ministers were good at making cars, and Xue made them princes with different surnames. Xi Zhong lived in early summer, and received a good education and edification since childhood. He loves science and technology very much. Coupled with his cleverness and diligence, he became a famous craftsman when he was young. Xi Zhong applied what he had learned, determined to build a car, tried again and again to solve the difficulties of land transportation for people, and finally succeeded in trial production. In summer, Wang Dayu named Xi Zhong "Car Administration". Later, Xi Zhong retired and went home. Dayu named him the monarch of Xue Guo, and Xi Zhong became the ancestor of Xue Guo. Today, at the junction of Tengzhou City and Xuecheng District, on Xiaonan Mountain in the southwest of Xigong Mountain, it is the place where Xizhong makes cars.

Mozi

Mingzhai, a native of Xiao Chuo (now Mushi District, Tengzhou City, Shandong Province) during the Warring States Period, was born in about 480 BC and died in 390 BC. Born as a craftsman, Mozi is the first thinker in the history of China who was born as a working people and shouted for the working people. Mozi was a learned man and founded Mohism. With the aim of "promoting the benefits of the world and eliminating the harm of the world", he put forward the idea of "loving all, not attacking, Shang Xian and Shang Tong, saving money, saving burial and not robbing", and his main thoughts and achievements are embodied in the book Mozi. Mozi is a commoner saint who has extensive knowledge and strong memory, is proficient in arts and sciences and pays attention to practice. Mozi is not only a great thinker but also an outstanding scientist. His unique insights in mechanics, mathematics, optics and other aspects are almost completely consistent with the principles of modern science, and later generations revere Mozi as "the saint of science." Yang Xiangkui, a famous contemporary scholar, said: "Mozi's achievements in natural science are by no means lower than those of ancient Greek scientists and philosophers, or even higher than them. His personal achievements are equal to the whole of Greece. " Chairman Mao Zedong once spoke highly of Mozi as a master of ancient dialectical materialism.

Teng Wengong

In the mid-Warring States period, the monarch of Tengguo (now Tengzhou City) was Teng's son. In the forty-third year of King Zhou Xian (326 BC), Teng Wengong went to Chu as a prince. I visited Mencius twice and asked him for advice on how to govern the country. Wen Gong was taught by Mencius. Strengthened the confidence to manage Tengguo well. After Teng Wengong proclaimed himself emperor, according to Mencius' opinion, he practiced benevolent policies, established schools and reformed the tax system. Soon, Teng Wengong became famous, and Wen Gong was called a "wise man" by people near and far. A steady stream of immigrants came to Tianen voluntarily. A few years later, Tengguo's population was prosperous, the country was rich and strong, and the name of a good country was spread far and wide.

Mao sui

During the Warring States Period, Xue (now Tengzhou Town) was a guest of Zhao He. Three years of inaction, obscurity. In 257 BC, Zhao Haoqi of Qin sent troops to besiege Handan, the capital of Zhao. Zhao Haoqi Cheng Xiao sent Ping Yuanjun to Chu for help. Before he leaves, Ping Yuanjun intends to choose 20 public guests to accompany him. 19 is selected, and 1 is still missing. At this time, I volunteered to go with the original gentleman. After arriving in Chu, Ping Yuanjun held talks with the King of Chu and asked him to send troops to help Zhao. Half a day has passed, and the talks are still inconclusive. Mao Sui climbed the stairs with a sword in his hand. Chen Qi was very interested. Mao Sui's words made the king of Chu nod again and again, so he made an alliance and decided to unite Chu and Zhao against Qin. When he arrived in Zhao, Ping Yuanjun regarded Mao Sui as a distinguished guest. He died in Xue and was buried outside the north gate of Xuecheng (formerly Tengzhou Guanqiao Railway Station). When the Jin-Pu Railway was built in the early years of the Republic of China, it was moved to the west of Guanqiao Station, and the burial place still exists.

Meng Changjun

Tian, the son of Tian Ying, was one of the four gentlemen in the Warring States Period. Guo Xue (now Zhangwang Town, Tengzhou City) was born. After Tian Wen succeeded to the throne, he despised material wealth and accepted sages. Soon, China has 3,000 diners and more than 60,000 people. In 298 BC, King Qin Zhao learned of Meng Changjun's talent and was hired as the country's prime minister. Later, he listened to rumors and imprisoned Meng Changjun. Meng Changjun escaped with the skills of "stealing dogs" and "crowing chickens". Later, Meng Changjun was hired by Qi Min as the King of Qixiang. During his tenure, he advocated uniting Korea and Wei, containing Chu and Zhao, and developing joint forces against Qin, which made Qi famous. One year, Feng Xuan, the doorman, went to the snow to collect debts for Meng Changjun, competing to "steal your life and owe it to the people". Because he burned his ticket, the people called it long live. " He also said, "I am a minister, so I uphold justice for the city." Later, he was falsely accused of robbing Wang Min with the same surname Tian Jia. Meng Changjun returned from his illness and said, "Before a hundred miles, the people helped the old and took care of the young, and welcomed you to the middle of the road." Meng Changjun was buried in the northeast corner of Xuecheng after his death, and the present tomb site still exists.

Shu suntong

Guo Xue (now Tengzhou) was born in the early Han Dynasty. At the end of Qin Dynasty, he joined the Rebel Army in Xiang Liang. In the second year of Emperor Gaozu (205 BC), Shu led 100 Confucian disciples to surrender to Liu Bang in Pengcheng. Uncle Sun Tongcong is bright, alert, eloquent and sized up the situation, which is appreciated by Liu Bang. Seeing that Liu Bang was worried about the rudeness of his officials, Shu summoned Confucian scholars and drew up the officials of the Han Dynasty with reference to the etiquette of Zhou and Qin Dynasties and the actual situation in the early Han Dynasty. During Emperor Xiaowen's reign, Shu was appointed as an assistant, and formulated the Law on the Etiquette of the Ancestral Temple. Shu not only helped Liu Bang rectify the platform, but also formulated a set of political etiquette system suitable for the needs of the situation at that time. His life played an important role in the establishment and consolidation of the Han Dynasty. Sima Qian called Shu "Han Confucianism".

Kuang Heng

Zi, a famous master of Confucian classics in the Western Han Dynasty, was born in Chengxian County, Donghai County (now Kuantan Village, Wangzhuang Township, Yicheng District, Zaozhuang City). Kuang Heng was eager to study and work hard when he was young. According to "Miscellanies of Xijing", "Kuang Heng studied hard and didn't light candles. When neighbors didn't catch candles, they wore light that attracted them and read books that reflected their light." Kuang Heng not only studied hard, but also said that The Book of Songs had original ideas. There was a saying at that time: "If you don't say' poetry', come here. Kuang said that "poetry" helps people understand. Fu, a junior for several years, told the emperor the way of governing the country many times, and often participated in the study and discussion of state affairs. According to the answers, he won the trust of Yuan Di. In the third year of Zhao Jian (36 BC), he served as prime minister, sealed his mind, assisted the emperor, and served as prime minister to handle state affairs. In the next few years, Kuang Heng alienated his colleagues, was impeached, demoted to Shu Ren, returned to his hometown, and died in his hometown within a few years.

Take it sparingly.

Shuguang, Weng Zhong, was born in Lanling, Donghai, Western Han Dynasty (now Yicheng District, Zaozhuang City). I have been eager to learn since I was a child, and I have learned many classics and history. I was recruited as a doctor by the court. When Xuan Di proclaimed himself emperor in the Han Dynasty, Shu was widely recommended as a teacher. Shu Guang's nephew is called Shu Shou. At that time, he was elected as a prince's family order with a wise man, and was later promoted to a prince with less money. During his tenure, he was rewarded by the emperor many times. And called it the "two sparrows" of the imperial court. Shuguang has been a teacher for five years, claiming to be ill and requesting to return to China. Considering that they were old, the emperor agreed and gave them 20 Jin of gold and 50 Jin of gold from the Crown Prince. After his second uncle resigned and returned to his hometown in Luo Teng, he gave the gold to the village. After the death of Uncle Li, the villagers felt the benefits of his money, and built a tucheng on the former site of Uncle Li San 'er's mansion in Fiona Fang, named "Uncle Li's Town". In its scattered gold place, a monument named "Scattered Gold Platform" was erected, and in Ershucheng, two sparse temples were built, in which two sparse sculptures were built to offer sacrifices from generation to generation.

Jia Sanjin

(1534-1592) Xiu De, also known as Shiwushan, was born in the Ming Dynasty. Jia Sanjin was born into an official family. Jia San, nearly 24 years old, took the provincial title in Shandong Province; In the second year of Qin Long's reign (1568), he was famous for his erudition. High school is a scholar, ranking first in Shandong Province. He was elected as Hanlin Jishi Shu and was awarded an official position. From then on, he began his formal political career. When Jia Sanyi entered the official career, he paid attention to promoting advantages and eliminating disadvantages, and hated corrupt officials. In the 12th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty, Jia Sanjin was appointed as the minister of Guanglu Temple. Soon after, it was worshipped as the right capital of Duchayuan. At the beginning of his arrival, he announced the rules and met officials and people. Those who have made outstanding achievements in reforming graft and severely punishing corruption shall be rewarded by the court. In the summer of the 20th year of Wanli (1592), the imperial court sent envoys to Jia Sanjin's home in Yixian County to worship him as "the right assistant minister of the Ministry of War", and Jia Sanjin politely declined on the grounds of his parents' age. Later, he died at home because of gangrene in his back at the age of 59. Jia's life works are scattered in more than 30 sketches and essays in Jia Jia Pu. More than ten poems, inscriptions, etc. According to Zhang Yuanfen's New Evidence of Jin Ping Mei, the author of Jin Ping Mei, Lan Ling Xiaoxiao, was Jia Sanjin, a writer in yi county in the Ming Dynasty.

Ping Liu

(1812-1862) was originally named Liu Pingxian, a native of Hou Meng Village, Taierzhuang, Zaozhuang City. In the spring of the eighth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty, Ping Liu launched and led the peasant uprising in Houmeng Village, whose backbone was his accomplices who sold grain and salt. Later, in response to the Taiping Army's Northern Expedition, he took part in the Zhang Jun Uprising, and the team quickly grew to more than 2,000 people. The rebel army was built in the forced Yangcheng area, and it was very powerful, and soon increased to tens of thousands of people. Ping Liu became the main leader of the army. In the tenth year of Xianfeng, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom named Ping Liu "Northern Hanwang". In February of the first year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty, when Sol Gushan, commander of the Qing army wing, attacked the army camp stationed in Taierzhuang, the army was defeated. De Leng took the opportunity to lead the Qing army to capture the main village of Yangcheng, and commanded the army to slay Sol Gushan, Qi Sheng and others, who were seriously injured and rushed out of the encirclement. When he led his troops to rest in Scorpion Mountain, he was killed by a traitor.

Dai Hua Zao

No. Xinzhai, a native of Shouxian County, Anhui Province. He used to be the alternate magistrate of Dongming in Zhili, the magistrate of Wang Du in Zhili and the main founder and general manager of ZTE Corporation. In the sixth year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty, Li Hongzhang sent Dai Huazao and others to Zaozhuang to set up Zhongxing Mining Bureau to mine coal mines by indigenous methods. After receiving the order, he went to Iraq, bowed and chose a place to build it. Zaozhuang Coal Mine became the first modern coal mine in Shandong Province.

In the seventh and eighth years of Guangxu, Dai Huazao wrote to Zhang Lianfen and other Qing government bureaucrats to collect shares in order to further raise funds. After the funds were put in place, ZTE Mining Bureau successively purchased four pumps and hired technicians and skilled workers from Shanghai and Guangdong to operate them, and the production situation gradually opened up. When Zhang Lianfen set up ZTE, he actively supported and assisted Zhang Lianfen's work. In the 25th year of Guangxu reign, Zhongxing Company was established, and he served as an assistant until the 31st year of Guangxu reign, when he resigned due to old age and illness.

Zhang lianfen

(1851-1915), also known as Zhang Yuxian, bureaucratic capitalist, prime minister of yi county Zhongxing Coal Mine Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Province. 1881-1882 was invited by Dai Huazao, founder of Zhongxing Mining Bureau in Yidong County, Shandong Province, to participate in the investment of this bureau. Some shareholders of the Imperial Kiln Bureau headed by Zhang Lianfen decided to inform1Wang Butang, the governor of Zhili who handled Beiyang trade in June, 898, to request the resumption of mining. With the consent of the Qing government, in the spring of the 25th year of Guangxu, German shares were recruited, totaling 2 million shares. The company was named "Huade Zhongxing Coal Mine Company", with the company itself as the general manager and De Cui Lin as the foreign general manager. In the thirty-third year of Guangxu, Zhang Lianfen resolutely stopped recruiting German shares under the impetus of the national people's anti-imperialist patriotic movement and the easing of German aggression against Shandong.

1908, ZTE Company was renamed as "Shandong Yixian Commercial Zhongxing Coal Mine Co., Ltd.", and the words "Huade" were cancelled, and the General Office for Foreign Affairs was cancelled. ZTE is a national industry run by China people from form to essence. 1 965438+February 20051,Nanda well was flooded and the disaster was serious. Production stopped for more than half a year, and at the end of the year, manager Zhang Lianfen died of anxiety.

Zhang Lianfen operated Zhongxing Coal Mine Co., Ltd. 17 years, raised 3 million silver dollars (plus a loan of 5 million silver dollars), built a 50-kilometer coal railway, modernized a large well, and attached its own power plant, machine repair shop and vehicle repair shop, making Zaozhuang Coal Mine "the only mine that can compete with outsiders".

Sun Meiyao

(1898-1923) is from Kangzhai Village, Fuzhuang Township, Zaozhuang City. His brother, Sun Meizhu, was born as a scholar in the late Qing Dynasty and is a famous intellectual in this area. 19 18, Sun Meizhu and others contacted local armed forces and various "poles" to build a village in Junshan (that is, Baodugu), and their uncle Sun Guizhi was the big stockman and the old stockman respectively. The hungry people in dozens of counties in Jiangsu, Shandong, Henan and Anhui provinces gathered together, and the number of people gathered reached seven or eight thousand. Sun Meizhu was equal to 1920 Tomb-Sweeping Day, and formally established the "Shandong Founding Autonomous Army", with Sun Meizhu as the commander-in-chief of the five-way allied forces. 1922 July 15, Sun Meizhu was killed by an official in an encounter in Xiji. Sun Meiyao was elected commander. At that time, the Beiyang government, in order to destroy the "Shandong Autonomous Army", appointed Tian Zhongyu, the governor of Shandong Province, as the commander of the bandits, and continued to encircle the area around Baodugu Mountain. There is no water and food on the mountain, and it is in danger of being destroyed at any time. Sun Meiyao is near Zhuang Ji, between Shagou and Lincheng, dismantling the tracks. At 2: 50am on May 6th, 1923, the second express train from Pukou derailed, and Sun Meiyao took 30 China passengers and 39 western passengers to Baodugu mountain area. The carjacking incident near the city shocked China and foreign countries. The ambassadors in Beijing elected the Portuguese minister Fred as the leader and made an oral protest to the Beiyang government. Beiyang government bowed to external forces and actively tried to negotiate with Sun Meiyao. Under the pressure of the consular corps, Tian Zhongyu, Zheng and others promised to evacuate the government troops before 9 am on 13. The negotiation reached an agreement: all the officers and men besieging the "Autonomous Army" will be withdrawn to their original places, and the "Shandong Autonomous Army for the Founding of the People's Republic of China" will be reorganized into the "Shandong New Organization Brigade" and Sun Meiyao will be appointed as the brigade commander.

In order to completely eliminate Sun Mei Yao's department, Cao Kun adopted the new Shandong Governor Zheng on February 65438+6, 2009; Zhang Peirong, commander of Yanzhou, was ordered to hold a "Hongmen Banquet" in Zaozhuang Zhongxing Coal Mine Company to lure Sun Meiyao to death.