British-Spanish naval battle

Introduction of the Spanish-English naval battle: The introduction of the Spanish-English naval battle records that this battle took place in 1588, which reflected the power of the nation-state under the rule of kingship and broke Spain's dominant position in the Atlantic Ocean. This is one of the most important naval battles in the Spanish-English War.

This paper briefly introduces the main background and brief operational process of the great naval battle between Britain and Spain. Spain became the dominant maritime power in the Atlantic Ocean with its powerful maritime power before16th century, but it also caused great dissatisfaction from the newly powerful Britain. With the murder of Mary, Queen of Scotland, and the wanton plunder of Spanish ships by British pirates, the conflict between the two countries has intensified. The Spanish government couldn't bear it, and sent an invincible "Armada" on 1588.

This naval battle can be divided into three stages: from the British preemptive strike, the Spanish fleet suffered heavy losses, and the "Armada" blocked by the British fleet joined forces with Balma to launch a fierce fire attack. Finally, with the efforts of pirate Howard, Britain expanded the number of warships, improved the flexibility of ship activities, and launched a surprise attack on Spanish ships at the end of July, making the Spanish fleet flee in a hurry. In August, the British fleet was even more energetic. With the advantages of long range and convenient operation, the artillery defeated the Spanish fleet.

Finally, the Anglo-Spanish naval battle mentioned that this battle was a battle between British neocolonialism and Spanish old colonialism, which marked the gradual rise of British maritime power. Although Spain still maintains the posture of a big country, it has gradually shown a trend of decline.

Background: 1588 The fierce naval battle between the British fleet and the Spanish fleet in the Atlantic Ocean was a victory for Britain, which gave Britain a short-term initiative in the Atlantic Ocean. This battle is also one of the most important naval battles in the Spanish-English war.

According to the background record of the great naval battle between England and Spain, in the16th century, the Spanish government actively built ships and carefully studied their firepower devices, and constantly recruited young people to join the navy. With this powerful naval force, it has brought countless wealth to Spain, made it a maritime overlord across the Atlantic, and at the same time caused extreme dissatisfaction with Britain, a new power.

The background of the great naval battle between England and Spain also introduced that Spanish ships were constantly plundered by British pirates at the end of 16. King Philip II of Spain supported Queen Mary of Scotland to influence the battle for the British throne by political means, but later Elizabeth I came to power in 1568, and the relationship between Britain and Spain became extremely tense. Finally, the background of the great naval battle between Britain and the West emphasized that Elizabeth I, the new superior, regarded pirates as a way to develop the country and encouraged pirates to plunder the Spanish fleet. Philip II was forced to the last straw, so he sent an "Armada" consisting of more than 30 warships/kloc-0 to Lisbon Port to avenge the past.

So why did Philip II use such a huge fleet not far from Wan Li to fight Britain? There are two main reasons. The first is revenge for Mary, Queen of Scotland: Mary, Queen of Scotland, was executed by Elizabeth I on charges of "conspiracy" in 1587, and the Pope immediately called on Catholics to fight against Britain, and Philip II took the lead in responding; The second reason is that Elizabeth I has been plundered by pirates, which has caused great losses to Spain's economy and humanities. If Britain is allowed to act recklessly, it will be impossible to maintain Spain's maritime hegemony.

The process of the West-West naval battle: The first stage of the West-West naval battle was 1588. After more than two months of sailing, the Spanish "Armada" approached the southwest coast of Britain. The British fleet immediately took the lead and launched a fierce offensive against the Spanish fleet. The fierce battle lasted all day and ended in heavy losses for the Spanish fleet.

In the second stage of the Spanish-English naval battle, the British fleet launched a small-scale attack the following week. The "Armada" was resting and waiting to meet Balma's troops, but the merger failed because of the blockade of the British fleet. On the eighth night, the British fleet made a fire attack plan, lit the hull and sailed into the Spanish fleet. The Spanish fleet was in chaos and many ships sank.

In the third stage of the Anglo-Spanish naval battle, Britain used the "Armada" to take shelter from the wind. At the request of the pirate king Howard, Britain recruited 197 carefully improved warships, which were far more flexible and maneuverable than the Spanish fleet. On July 22, the British fleet launched a fierce attack on the "Armada" with the help of the upper hand position and won a great victory. Then he quickly went to Dover to replenish supplies, which caught the Spanish fleet off guard.

On the 28th, the British fleet launched a surprise attack on the "Armada". The defeated "Armada" escaped, and the British navy pursued it with victory. Later, it gave up the pursuit because of the sudden change of wind direction, and the "Armada" was saved. In August, the two sides launched an attack in the northeastern waters of Calais. The British fleet beat the "Armada" black and blue with its agility and artillery range. In the process of chasing each other, the Spanish fleet suffered heavy losses and had to withdraw to Spain.

The influence of the Spanish-English naval battle: The influence of the Spanish-English naval battle has a positive role in promoting Britain, which defeated Spain, the most powerful opponent at that time. The victory of this naval battle not only greatly boosted the morale of the British navy, but also marked the strong rise of British maritime military forces in the17th century, from which the maritime hegemony of the Atlantic gradually transferred to the British hands.

After that, the British navy also developed rapidly, mainly reflected in taking active actions at sea, choosing clever opportunities to attack and implementing large-scale blockade operations. It also occupied colonies everywhere. This series of actions led to the gradual development of British capitalism and the rise of a new and powerful colonial empire. The impact of the Spanish-English naval battle on Spain is very negative. The British fleet completely defeated Spain's "Armada", which seriously dealt a blow to Spain's morale as a "maritime hegemon".

Although Britain was unable to occupy Spain's main maritime interests immediately, it still pulled Spain, the maritime overlord, off the horse and inherited its prestige. British ships are free to go in and out wherever they want, but declining Spain is powerless to stop them. Although its colony has not decreased, its monopoly on maritime trade has been greatly weakened. In the fifty years after the great defeat of the Armada, although Spain still maintained its position as a big country, it gradually embarked on the road of decline.

The influence of the Anglo-Spanish naval battle has also played a great role in the world military. The flexible operation of ships and the range advantage of artillery have replaced the previous hand-to-hand combat, and the naval battle has gradually taken on a new pattern. In essence, this naval battle is also a decisive battle between the emerging British colonialism and the old Spanish colonialism.