I want to make a poster of vocational education activity week, but now I have no idea. Who can help me think about how to embody vocational education?

I suggest you consider the following five aspects, focusing on the fifth point "meaning". Details are as follows:

Current situation of education

Since the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan", with the attention of the central and local governments, China's vocational education system has been continuously improved and the school-running model has been continuously innovated. The enrollment scale and the employment rate of graduates have reached a new level and embarked on the "fast track" of development.

According to statistics, in 2005, there were only111secondary vocational schools in China, with 5,372,900 students and 0/3,247,400 students. After three years of development, in 2008, there were 14767 secondary vocational schools in China, with 865,438+million students and 20.56 million students. The enrollment scale of secondary vocational education and ordinary high school education has been roughly the same.

The mode of "work-study combination, school-enterprise cooperation and internship" has become the secret of high employment rate of graduates in vocational schools in China, especially in secondary vocational schools.

Statistics released by the Ministry of Education show that since 2005, the average employment rate of secondary vocational school graduates in China has remained above 95% for five consecutive years. In 2008 and 2009, although the international financial turmoil caused many people to find jobs, the average employment rate of secondary vocational school graduates in China rose instead of falling, reaching 95.77% and 95.99% respectively.

In June 12, 1 1, the State Council Press Office issued the National Human Rights Action Plan (20 12-20 15), which will be released in China from 20 12 to 20/kloc-0. Keep the enrollment scale of secondary vocational education and ordinary high schools roughly equal. Support the construction of majors close to the needs of the industry and the deep integration of schools and enterprises, and build a team of teachers with basic theoretical knowledge, teaching ability, practical experience and skills. Gradually implement free secondary vocational education.

China is holding the largest vocational education in the world. In 2008, the total enrollment scale of vocational colleges has reached 1 1 10,000, and the total number of students in school has exceeded 30 million. Secondary vocational education and higher vocational education account for half of high school and higher education respectively.

2.？ Educational goal

Vocational education refers to the education that instructs the educated to acquire the professional knowledge, skills and professional ethics needed by a certain occupation or productive labor. Such as pre-job training for employees, re-employment training for laid-off workers, vocational high schools, technical secondary schools, technical schools and other vocational schools. All belong to vocational education. The purpose of vocational education is to cultivate applied talents and workers with a certain cultural level and professional knowledge and skills. Compared with general education and adult education, vocational education pays more attention to the cultivation of practical skills and practical work ability.

Vocational education is the product of social development, the development of human civilization and the development of human beings. But also the product of a special period of development. Vocational education benefits from society, and society can also benefit from vocational education. Promoting social development is the proper meaning and sacred duty of vocational education.

The purpose of vocational education is to meet the employment needs of individuals and the objective needs of posts, so as to promote the development of social productive forces and accelerate the adjustment and transformation of national industrial structure.

3. Teaching philosophy

Compared with basic education, vocational education has its own characteristics. To sum up, the essence of vocational education should include at least four aspects: first, people-oriented; Second, teach students in accordance with their aptitude; Third, scientific management; Fourth, cultural shaping.

People-oriented, first, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of all faculty and staff, and form a strong atmosphere of taking school as home, taking teaching as fun and taking teachers as pride. Second, fully respect students' subjective consciousness, fully establish students' subjective status and give full play to students' subjective role. For example, in some schools, letting students serve as teaching assistants and principals and actively, scientifically and democratically participate in the management of school affairs can not only cultivate students' sense of ownership and participation, but also improve their working ability and management level, which is one of the important contents of vocational education.

4.？ Teaching advantage

The first mature training system. Domestic vocational education has developed to a relatively mature level, and it is no longer as chaotic as before. After national rectification and industry baptism, the existing vocational education institutions are strong in brand, capital, teachers and employment, and the training is subdivided, precise and professional.

Second, the study time is short. Generally speaking, vocational education only has 1 year of intensive study time, and it is oriented to actual combat teaching, so as to strengthen the cultivation of professionals who meet the needs of society and enterprises. Therefore, its learning cost is very low, and its effect is quick, which can quickly solve the problems of employment and unemployment.

Third, the return on investment is high. One year's time cost, 1 to 20,000 capital investment. If you choose a good major, you can recover the cost in less than one year. For example, animation games, the salary data of talent network shows that the average salary of domestic animation game talents is 6235 yuan per month, and the annual salary of people above 60,000 accounts for 45.4%.

The fourth skill+education+employment. Vocational education adopts the mode of "skills+education+employment". While learning skills, you can also take part in self-study exams or adult education. Skills and academic qualifications are correct, which also provides conditions for students who want to apply for civil servants and graduate students.

5.？ Important significance

First, the importance of developing vocational education to improve the quality of workers

The quality of workers refers to the overall quality of all the people who can engage in social labor in a country. The population engaged in social labor mainly includes employees and unemployed people, as well as school-leavers, domestic workers, military service personnel and other people of working age. Social production and economic construction are realized through the labor of these people, and their quality plays an important role in the development of productive forces.

Improving the quality of workers mainly depends on education, including school education, social education and family education. Among them, school education is particularly important, because it is a standardized education, an education that requires students to develop morally, intellectually, physically and aesthetically, a purposeful, planned and organized education, and an education that cadres and teachers are responsible for. This kind of education has played a decisive role in improving the quality of workers. In today's world, the competition of comprehensive national strength based on people's quality is becoming increasingly fierce, so it is urgent to improve the comprehensive quality of the whole people, and education is given priority.

During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, education in China developed rapidly. At the beginning of 2005, the gross enrollment rate of middle school students reached 95%, that of high school students reached 50%, that of higher education reached 2 1%, and there were more than 23 million students in institutions of higher learning. As Minister Zhou Ji of the Ministry of Education said, it has entered the internationally recognized popularization stage. However, China is a populous country, and the enrollment rate of 2 1% means that there are still a large number of high school graduates who fail to enter universities. Although the number of students enrolled increases slightly every year, the development space of ordinary colleges and universities is limited after all. For example, a university in Sichuan Province enrolled 1 10,000 students in 2005 and will enroll 1.02 million students in 2006, with an increase of only 2%. On the other hand, the admission rate-According to the report of Chengdu Daily on April 3, 2006, the number of college entrance examination students in Sichuan Province in 2005 was 453,269, an increase of 32.3% compared with 2004, while the admission rate was only 60.23%, a decrease of 10.07% compared with 2004. In 2006, there will be more than 560,000 college entrance examination candidates in the province, and the admission rate will drop by 6.73% to 53.5% compared with 2005. It is also reported that the employment rate of college graduates in recent two years is about 72%, that is to say, there are 28% college students in Adventure Island. As can be seen from the above data, the enrollment rate of high school graduates and the employment rate of college graduates have been and will be declining year by year. On the other hand, there is a serious shortage of skilled personnel, technicians and skilled workers, which has become a prominent factor restricting the upgrading of China's industrial structure to some extent.

Education circles, employers and young people have all unilaterally pursued highly educated education and neglected or despised vocational education. However, education does not mean ability. With the reform of personnel system and the progress of talent concept, the advantage of academic qualifications in the job market is getting lower and lower. Employers pay more attention to students' practical ability and pragmatically select talents who meet the needs. Society is changing from one-sided pursuit of academic qualifications to a capable society. An enterprise has absorbed two new people, one is a bachelor who has worked for several years and the other is a newly graduated master. After examination, the former has the required working ability. During the probation period, the salary of the former is four times that of the latter. This phenomenon is common and common in foreign countries. For example, the accelerator laboratory of an American university is used by many professors, but the highest salary is the engineer who manages the accelerator. This engineer has a strong working ability, and his maintenance and improvement of the accelerator can basically meet the research needs of professors. This example shows that the talents cultivated by the increasingly popular higher education, no matter the level or type, must have a reasonable structure, which requires the diversification of the structure and type of higher education, and vocational education is an effective supplement. Over the years, China's vocational education has trained many high-quality workers with ideals, morality, knowledge and professional skills for the society, improved the quality structure, knowledge structure and skill structure of China's labor force, played a positive role in the development of all walks of life, and promoted employment and social stability. Many industries have affirmed the high-quality workers trained by vocational education when summing up the achievements made since the reform and opening up. Therefore, the development of vocational education is of strategic significance for improving the ideological and moral, scientific and cultural quality of workers and promoting socialist modernization.

Second, improve the quality of workers and promote the employment rate.

Unemployment exists in all countries, which is a livelihood issue related to social stability. If the increase of employment rate lags far behind economic growth, it will easily breed social instability and lead to unsustainable economic development. It can be seen that the employment rate reflects the economic development level of a country or region. Therefore, all governments attach great importance to solving the employment problem. The United States has a policy to reward those who start businesses with personal income tax relief and provide employment opportunities for the unemployed. In Germany, small and medium-sized enterprises have played an important role in relieving unemployment pressure. According to statistics, from 65438 to 0996, the employees of German SMEs accounted for 70% of the total employed population in China. The United States is a developed country with abundant financial resources. In 1980s, a state gave the unemployed a monthly aid fee of 400 dollars, equivalent to the monthly funds paid by the China government to visiting scholars in the United States. It should be said that this aid fee is enough to meet their living needs, but some unemployed people still want to rob and commit crimes. There's an old saying in China, "It's not good for a villain to live an idle life". The Global Employment Agenda adopted by the International Labour Organization emphasizes that "work is the core of people's lives, … which makes work a key factor for social and political stability". China government mainly solves the unemployment problem by promoting employment and reemployment. Although governments at all levels, communities, enterprises, trade unions, women's federations and other social intermediary organizations are helping unemployed people find jobs, the government has also formulated some policies and sent employment supervision teams, and some areas even proposed to eliminate "zero-employment" families. All these can be summed up in three sentences: government leading, social mobilization, and promoting (full) employment. However, employment is not only a simple concept of having a job and food, but also involves the quality of workers. China has a large population and great employment pressure. Improving the national quality, employment rate and employment quality in an all-round way, and transforming the heavy population pressure in China into human resources, not only requires the competent government departments to attach great importance to the development of vocational education, but also requires every employee to make more efforts in strengthening their own vocational education and vocational training, improving their personal skills and comprehensive quality, and helping their enterprises to further develop, which not only promotes the progress of enterprises, but also improves the quality of employment and life. As mentioned above, a large number of high school graduates and more than a quarter of college graduates, adventure island, have become a social problem, while a large number of skilled and practical talents are lacking. This is certainly not a good phenomenon, but please note that this "unemployed" group is indeed a rare potential talent pool. High school graduates who fail to enter higher education can enter secondary and higher vocational education to learn practical skills and knowledge and become technical backbones in various industries; College graduates who fail to find jobs in time can fully expand their existing professional knowledge through special vocational training, make themselves professionals who apply what they have learned, make use of the thinking ability cultivated in higher education, make progress as soon as possible and become experts. Through this form of education, not only practical and skilled talents have been trained for the country, industries and enterprises, but also the comprehensive quality of workers has been improved and the social problems of employment for these people have been solved. It can be seen that it is very important to do a good job and vigorously develop vocational education, which is conducive to improving the quality of employed people, enhancing employment competitiveness, broadening employment channels, promoting employment and re-employment through education and re-education, and is of great significance to building a well-off society in an all-round way, building a harmonious society and maintaining social stability.

Third, taking the road of new industrialization requires high-quality workers.

The focus of new industrialization is to develop high-tech industries, and the important basis for developing high-tech industries is talents. China needs a large number of skilled and applied high-quality workers to take the road of new industrialization. However, there is still a considerable gap between the overall quality of Chinese workers and the requirements of modern economic development. It has become a consensus that China's new industrialization must actually turn to the track of relying on scientific and technological progress and improving the quality of workers. According to some calculations, more than half of the people who enter the 53 national high-tech industrial development zones in China are college students, graduate students and international students. People have realized that without high-level scientific and technological talents, there will be no high-level technological innovation and high-tech industries with independent intellectual property rights, which will affect the enhancement of the country's comprehensive competitiveness. It is not difficult to find that many regions and high-tech enterprises are spending a lot of money to introduce high-level scientific and technological talents, and some high-tech enterprises have also set up relevant industry research institutions. The country implements the strategy of strengthening the country through talents, and also proposes to "increase efforts to attract high-level talents studying abroad". These are undoubtedly very important. However, people's understanding of talent strategy ignores one point, that is, high-tech industry needs high-level technical innovation experts on the one hand, and a considerable number of technical operators as a factory and an enterprise on the other hand, in order to form a reasonable talent hierarchy. The technical achievements of the laboratory have to enter the factory to become products and the market to become commodities, but also meet some production technical problems. These technical problems are often unfamiliar to high-level experts and often dismissed, but in fact they need ordinary technicians with practical experience to solve them. The personnel sent by American and Japanese enterprises to China to install, debug and maintain experimental equipment and machines are basically high school graduates, and then after two years of technical training, they are equivalent to higher vocational students in China. In the production process, general technical operators can constantly absorb relevant technologies and advanced technologies according to market information and user feedback, improve and perfect their operating skills day by day, and explore and suggest better product design. In isolation, it is often a small improvement, but accumulated, it will also be a big reform, which will make products multi-grade, diversified and personalized, thus enhancing the competitiveness of products and enterprises. On the other hand, if the technical level of technical operators is not high, and they can't cope with the challenges of the growing development of new technologies, then the products of enterprises are bound to be of low quality and weak market competitiveness, thus the enterprises lack vitality. In developing high-tech industries, Germany attaches great importance to such talents and requires them to become employees who can adapt to the development of new technologies and work efficiently. The cultivation of such talents in Germany mainly depends on vocational education. Germany has always attached importance to vocational education, and young people of school age have also formed the habit of receiving vocational education. Small and medium-sized enterprises are the main bases for students to receive vocational training, and naturally become the main employment places for vocational education graduates. Small and medium-sized enterprises in Germany are very developed, accounting for more than 98% of the total number of German enterprises, and the tax payment accounts for 45.8% of the total national tax revenue, so small and medium-sized enterprises have greatly alleviated the unemployment pressure in Germany. Higher vocational education in Germany has strong applicability and good employment prospects for students. "Entering higher vocational colleges" has become the common language of German high school students.

China attaches great importance to this issue. On October 28th, 2005/kloc-0, the State Council issued the "Decision on Vigorously Developing Vocational Education" (hereinafter referred to as the "Decision"), demanding that more than 25 million secondary vocational school graduates and higher vocational school graduates 1 1 10,000 people be sent to the society during the 11th Five-Year Plan period. The "Decision" proposes to "train hundreds of millions of high-quality workers and tens of millions of high-skilled professionals to serve the socialist modernization drive". Premier Wen Jiabao said: "Without such a highly skilled and professional labor force, even advanced science and technology and machinery and equipment can hardly be transformed into realistic productive forces. At present, the problem of low quality of front-line workers and shortage of skilled talents in China is very prominent. The existing skilled workers only account for about 1/3 of all workers, and most of them are junior workers, and technicians and senior technicians only account for 40%. " Therefore, vigorously developing vocational education and improving the quality of workers has become an urgent need to promote China's industrialization and modernization.

The development and progress of a country cannot be separated from high-quality laborers, high-quality builders and specialized personnel who meet the needs of socialist modernization. To maintain and improve the overall quality of workers, education is the fundamental guarantee. Among them, vocational education provides education guarantee and even employment guarantee for most groups, and provides more and richer talents for national strength and national strength, making due contributions. Based on this importance, the whole society should pay enough attention to vocational education.

Fourth, vocational education promotes the transfer of rural labor force.

Industrialization is a great driving force of urbanization. Because the industrialization process of a country will lead to the adjustment and transformation of its industrial structure, and the combined action of rural thrust and urban pull will inevitably lead to the flow and gathering of population from rural areas to towns with relatively concentrated secondary and tertiary industries. The development of productive forces leads to the change of industrial structure, which creates the premise for the migration of rural population. Migration makes this part of the rural labor force transform into the production sector, which leads to their career changes. The change of occupation requires that this part of the transferred labor force must master certain production skills before entering the new production department, so as to better integrate with other production factors and finally realize its stable and effective transfer. Because vocational education can not only make students master the theoretical knowledge of science and culture, but also pay more attention to the cultivation of students' practical skills and professional ability, in this sense, vocational education is more directly and closely related to the adjustment and transformation of national industrial structure than ordinary secondary and higher education.

Developing vocational education can improve the comprehensive quality of migrant workers in China, meet the needs of upgrading the national industrial structure, improve the quality of urbanization in China, and promote the sustained and healthy development of the national economy. The sustained economic growth will create more employment space for cities and towns, attract more surplus labor to move to cities and towns, thus put forward higher requirements for the scale and quality of vocational education and promote the transformation and development of vocational education to a higher level. Therefore, there is a positive and benign interaction between them.

The State Council has repeatedly proposed that vocational education should be the focus of future education. At the same time, Ge Daokai, director of the Department of Vocational Education and Adult Education of the Ministry of Education, said that the focus of future vocational education is to let more rural students receive vocational education, master knowledge and skills, and change the current work dilemma of rural students. The main task of rural vocational education involving a large number of people is to let more rural students master employment skills and realize the transfer of employment through vocational education. Ge Daokai said that in the future, in addition to deepening the reform of education and teaching, improving the quality and better meeting the needs of economic and social development, it is also necessary to expand the cost of living allowance and free tuition for rural students and agricultural students, so as to attract more junior and senior high school graduates to study in vocational schools.

Vocational education is to cultivate professionals with solid practical ability and professional skills. Only after skills training can rural students become professional skilled talents to meet the market demand and realize the transfer of employment. Vocational education serves the employment of rural students and provides a good employment platform for the development of rural students by cultivating their skills and knowledge. The purpose of developing vocational education is to expand the enrollment scale for rural areas and give rural students more tuition fees and preferential subsidies.