What can be produced with methanol?

Question 1: What material is methanol produced from? All carbon-containing solids, liquids and gases can be converted into carbon compounds, and then methanol can be synthesized artificially. At present, there are several methods to prepare methanol.

1, methyl chloride hydrolysis method However, even if the alkali solution is boiled to 140℃, its hydrolysis speed is still very slow.

At 300 ~ 350℃, methyl chloride can be quantitatively converted into methanol and dimethyl ether under the action of alkali lime. When the process is carried out in a flowing system at 350℃, the yield of methanol is 67% and the yield of dimethyl ether is 33%. The conversion rate of methyl chloride reached 98%. Although the reaction index is good and the process is simple, chlorine disappears in the form of calcium chloride during the reaction, so the hydrolysis method is expensive and has not been widely used in industry.

2. Partial oxidation of methane

This method for producing methanol has simple technological process, saves construction investment, and converts cheap raw material methane into valuable product methanol, which is an ideal method for producing methanol. However, this oxidation process is not easy to control. Deep oxidation often produces carbon oxides and water, which causes great losses of raw materials and products and low total methanol yield. Although there are industrial experimental devices in operation, the method of methane oxidation to methanol has not been industrialized.

3. Production of methanol from syngas

Syngas refers to a gas mixture whose main components are hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Since 1923 realized this method of methanol synthesis, the production of methanol has developed rapidly and has become a common method of methanol production in the world. In actual production, it is divided into high pressure method, low pressure method and medium pressure method. N high-pressure process, that is, using zinc-chromium oxide as catalyst, synthesizes gas at high temperature (340 ~ 420℃) and high pressure (30 ~ 50 MPa), with large production capacity and high conversion rate. However, the high-pressure method has some disadvantages, such as high synthesis pressure and temperature, high equipment investment and operation cost, complicated operation, difficult control of temperature and pressure, many by-products and great loss of raw materials.

Low-pressure method, that is, at low pressure (5MPa) and temperature around 275℃, using copper-based catalyst to synthesize methanol from synthesis gas, is a new method developed in recent years. Low pressure method has the characteristics of high selectivity, less impurities in crude methanol and good quality of refined methanol. N medium pressure process, that is, synthesis gas is used as raw material, the operating pressure is 10 ~ 27 MPa, the temperature is 235 ~ 275℃, and the catalyst is copper-based catalyst. This method is characterized by large capacity, huge equipment and large area, and is put forward by combining the advantages and disadvantages of high pressure method and low pressure method. At present, this method is developing rapidly, and the scale of new factories is getting bigger and bigger. China's unique methanol synthesis process is actually a medium-pressure methanol synthesis process.

Question 2: In which factory will methanol be used? Methanol is widely used in chemical industry. Enterprises that produce biodiesel and formaldehyde all need methanol, which can also be used as a solvent in chemical production. You can check related chemical enterprises online.

Question 3: What are the production processes of methanol? Industrial methanol production methods There are many methods to produce methanol. The early dry distillation method of wood or lignin has been eliminated in today's industry. Methyl chloride hydrolysis can also produce methanol, but it has not been used in industry because of its high price. Partial oxidation of methane can produce methanol. This method has simple technological process and saves construction investment, but this oxidation process is not easy to control. Deep oxidation often produces carbon oxides and water, which causes great losses to raw materials and products. Therefore, the method of partial oxidation of methane to methanol has not been industrialized, but it has the above advantages. Foreign research in this field has never stopped. This is a promising method to prepare methanol. At present, almost all methanol in industry is synthesized by catalytic hydrogenation of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide under pressure. Typical processes include raw gas manufacturing, raw gas purification, methanol synthesis, crude methanol rectification and other processes. Natural gas, naphtha, heavy oil, coal and its processed products (coke and coke oven gas), acetylene tail gas, etc. Can be used as a raw material for producing methanol synthesis gas. Steam reforming of natural gas and naphtha needs to be carried out in a reforming furnace with complex structure and high cost. The reformer is equipped with a radiation chamber and a convection chamber to conduct a hydrocarbon steam reforming reaction at a high temperature in the presence of a catalyst. Partial oxidation of heavy oil needs to be carried out in a high temperature gasifier. When solid fuel is used as raw material, water gas can be produced by intermittent gasification or continuous gasification. The intermittent gasification method uses air and steam as gasification agents. The stages of blowing and gas production are separated, and the continuous gasification takes oxygen and water vapor as gasification agents, and the process is continuous. Many catalysts used in methanol production, such as natural gas and naphtha steam reforming catalysts and methanol synthesis catalysts, are easily poisoned by sulfides and lose their activity, so sulfides must be removed. Gas desulfurization methods can be divided into two categories, one is dry desulfurization, and the other is wet desulfurization. Dry desulfurization equipment is simple, but it is huge because of the slow reaction speed. Wet desulfurization can be divided into physical absorption method, chemical absorption method and direct oxidation method. The synthesis of methanol is carried out at high temperature and high pressure in the presence of catalyst, which is a typical complex gas-solid catalytic reaction process. With the continuous development of methanol synthesis catalyst technology, the general trend is to develop from high pressure to medium and low pressure. Crude methanol contains impurities such as water, higher alcohols, ethers and ketones. It needs refining. The refining process includes rectification and chemical treatment. Chemical treatment mainly uses alkali to destroy impurities that are difficult to separate in the distillation process and adjust pH value. Distillation mainly removes volatile components, such as dimethyl ether, and non-volatile components, such as ethanol, higher alcohols and water. The total process of methanol production is long and the process is complex. According to different raw materials and purification methods, it can evolve into multiple production processes.

Question 4: What is methanol used for?

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1. As a basic chemical raw material, methanol can produce many important organic compounds. At present, there are more than 120 kinds of deep-processed products with methanol as raw material in China, and there are 30 kinds of once-processed products. Carbonylation of methanol to produce acetic acid is the most competitive acetic acid production method at present. Acetic acid can further produce cellulose diacetate and cellulose triacetate with great commercial value. Other important organic compounds produced by methanol are formaldehyde, methylamine, methane chloride, formic acid, methyl formate, ammonium formate, methyl methacrylate, dimethylformamide, dimethyl maple, dimethyl carbonate, dimethyl ether, polyvinyl alcohol, vinyl acetate and so on.

(2) Methanol can be used as a new generation fuel. Methyl tert-butyl ether synthesized from methanol and isobutylene is a high octane gasoline additive. Methanol can also be mixed with gasoline (such as M 15) or directly used as automobile fuel, which is a new generation of energy substitute.

(3) Methanol is the main raw material for fine chemical industry and polymer chemical industry. Polyoxymethylene plastic made of methanol is an excellent engineering plastic, which can be used instead of metal and is widely used in automobile industry and electrical appliance industry. The technology of direct catalytic conversion of methanol to olefins (MTP and MTO) has also been industrialized, which will further expand the importance of methanol in petrochemical industry and its application fields.

(4) Single cell protein (methanol protein) can be produced by methanol. Methanol protein has the advantages of high protein conversion rate, fast fermentation speed, non-toxicity and low price, and its production is not limited by geographical location and climatic conditions. China's animal husbandry has a great demand for protein, and the development prospect of methanol protein is broad.

Methanol is a clean fuel with excellent performance. With the exhaustion of oil resources in the world and the growing voice of environmental protection, people pay more and more attention to methanol blended with gasoline and methanol fuel, and it has been widely promoted in many areas of China. At present, methanol to dimethyl ether instead of diesel oil and liquefied petroleum gas has become a hot spot of domestic research and investment, which provides more space for the development of methanol industry in China.

Question 5: What raw material is methanol made of? Most methanol producers in the world use natural gas or oil as raw materials.

Methanol is very toxic, which has the greatest influence on the nervous system and blood system of human body. Toxic reactions will occur after ingestion through digestive tract, respiratory tract or skin, and methanol vapor will damage human respiratory mucosa and vision. I don't know why the landlord put this question in the column of "cooking food" Attention, it will be poisoned if you drink it!

Question 6: How to make methanol? Almost all methanol synthesis in industry adopts the method of catalytic hydrogenation of carbon monoxide under pressure, and the process includes gasification, synthesis and purification, methanol synthesis and crude methanol rectification. The purification process of crude methanol includes rectification and chemical treatment. Chemical treatment mainly uses alkali to destroy impurities that are difficult to separate during distillation and adjust pH value. Distillation is mainly to remove volatile components such as dimethyl ether, and difficult volatile components such as ethanol, higher alcohols and water. The purity after crude extraction can generally reach above 98%. )

1. The water content of industrial methanol was reduced to below 0.0 1% by rectification. Acetone can be removed by treatment with sodium iodate. Rectifying to obtain pure methanol;

Generally, industrial methanol is used as raw material, water is distilled at atmospheric pressure, the top of the tower is controlled at 64 ~ 65℃, and insoluble substances are removed by filtration.

It can also be separated from wood vinegar obtained in the process of wood dry distillation;

Methanol is mainly prepared by distillation. Using industrial methanol as raw material, high-purity methanol products were obtained through rectification, ultra-clean filtration and ultra-clean sub-packaging.

Question 7: What is the scope of methanol and what does it do for civilian use? 1. One of the basic organic raw materials. Mainly used for manufacturing various organic products such as formaldehyde, acetic acid, methyl chloride, methylamine and dimethyl sulfate. It is also the raw material of pesticides (pesticides, acaricides) and drugs (sulfonamides, synthetic mycin, etc.). ) is also one of the raw materials for synthesizing dimethyl terephthalate, methyl methacrylate and methyl acrylate. It is also an important solvent and can be mixed with gasoline as an alternative fuel. Since 1980s, methanol has been used to produce gasoline octane number additives such as methyl tert-butyl ether, methanol gasoline, methanol fuel and methanol protein, which has promoted the development of methanol production and market demand.

2. Used as solvent for paint, varnish, shellac, ink, adhesive, dye, alkaloid, cellulose acetate, cellulose nitrate, ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl butyral, etc. It is also the raw material for manufacturing pesticides, medicines, plastics, synthetic fibers and organic chemical products such as formaldehyde, methylamine, methyl chloride and dimethyl sulfate. Others are used as automobile antifreeze, metal surface cleaning agent and alcohol denaturant.

3. Methanol is used as cleaning degreaser, MOS grade is mainly used for discrete devices and medium and large scale integrated circuits, and BV-III grade is mainly used for VLSI process.

4. Used as analytical reagents, such as solvents, methylation reagents and chromatographic analysis reagents. It is also used in organic synthesis.

5. Used in electronic industry, often used as cleaning agent and degreasing agent.

Generally speaking, methanol is a better solvent than ethanol and can dissolve many inorganic salts.

7. Mainly used for manufacturing formaldehyde, essence, dye, medicine, gunpowder, antifreeze, solvent, etc.

Question 8: What are the factories that produce methanol in China? What is the production capacity? Gansu Huating 600,000 tons/year, Shandong Xinneng Phoenix 600,000 tons/year, Shaanxi Hua Wei 200,000 tons/year, Yulin Excelle Coal Chemical 600,000 tons/year, Inner Mongolia Mengda New Energy Chemical 600,000 tons/year, Shanghai Coking Plant 200,000 tons/year, etc.