What health promotion theory is applied in tobacco control and smoking ban activities?

The Ministry of Health issued the Outline of National Health Education and Health Promotion Work (25-21)

Health bureaus of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps and health bureaus of cities with separate plans:

In order to implement the goal of the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China on building a well-off society in an all-round way and the decision of the Central Committee and the State Council on health reform and development, According to the World Health Organization's National Health Promotion Action Planning Framework, and the current international and domestic needs of health promotion and health education development and strengthening the construction of public health system, on the basis of organizing applied research on health promotion in rural areas, urban communities, workplaces, public places, schools, hospitals and public health emergencies, The Outline of National Health Education and Health Promotion Work (25-21) has been drafted and formulated to standardize and guide the development of national health education and health promotion work, which are hereby printed and distributed to you. Please strengthen leadership, scientific management and implementation in combination with local actual research and deployment. The implementation situation is reported to the Department of Maternal and Child Health and Community Health of the Ministry of Health.

Attachment: Outline of National Health Education and Health Promotion Work (25-21)

Outline of National Health Education and Health Promotion Work (25-21)

Health education is an important part of citizen quality education. In order to meet the objective requirements of building a well-off society in an all-round way, promoting all-round economic and social progress and human development, improving the health quality of the population, and promoting the scientific and standardized development of health education and health promotion in China, this outline is formulated in accordance with the needs of health reform and development and relevant health laws and regulations.

1. Background

Health education and health promotion are activities to mobilize the strength of the whole society and various departments, create a healthy environment, disseminate health-related information, improve people's health awareness and self-care ability, advocate healthy behaviors and lifestyles, and promote the improvement of the health quality of the whole people.

Since the Ninth Five-Year Plan, China's health education and health promotion work has closely focused on the task of health work center, combined with the establishment of a national health city, primary health care, prevention and control of major diseases and health care for key populations, and achieved gratifying results. In particular, the health promotion activities of hundreds of millions of farmers across the country, meeting healthy communities and tobacco control activities have made positive and beneficial explorations in promoting the socialization, popularization and standardization of health education and health promotion, and the discipline construction has also been further developed. Health education and health promotion have initially formed a good situation in which the government is responsible, departments cooperate and society participates.

However, at present, the development of health education and health promotion in China is unbalanced, and there are great differences between the eastern and western regions and between urban and rural areas. The level of people's health knowledge and the formation rate of health behavior are still low, especially in poor and remote rural areas, farmers' awareness of self-care is weak, and there are many backward living customs, and the problems of poverty caused by illness and returning to poverty due to illness are more prominent. In 21, the survey of rural health education in six provinces in China showed that the awareness rate of eight basic health knowledge, such as environment, drinking water, nutrition, infectious diseases and prevention of chronic diseases, was only 36%. It is still a long-term and arduous task to popularize basic health knowledge and advocate a healthy lifestyle. However, the professional institutions and working networks of urban and rural health education are not perfect, the investment in business funds is insufficient, the number of professionals is insufficient and the quality is not high. These problems and difficulties seriously restrict the development of health education and health promotion, and need to be solved as soon as possible.

Health education and health promotion, as an integral part of public health system construction, are facing unprecedented opportunities and challenges. With economic development and social progress, people pay more attention to physical and mental health, social adaptation and quality of life. Many old infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and schistosomiasis have not been effectively controlled, and new infectious diseases such as AIDS and sars are constantly emerging. Chronic non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, cancer and diabetes, lead to increased disease burden; The prevalence of mental illness and accidental injuries increased; The harm of tobacco is becoming more and more serious. These major social health problems require long-term planning of health education and health promotion in terms of strategies, contents and methods.

second, the overall goal

to establish and improve the health education and health promotion system to meet the needs of social development and improve the quality of professional teams. Focusing on major health problems, aiming at key places and groups, we advocate healthy public policies and supportive environment, and carry out various forms of health education and health promotion activities based on the community, popularize health knowledge, enhance people's health awareness and self-care ability, and promote the improvement of the health quality of the whole people.

III. Main tasks and specific objectives

(1) Establish and improve a health education and health promotion system that adapts to social development

Under the leadership of governments at all levels, establish a health education and health promotion system and a coordinated and efficient operating mechanism characterized by government responsibility, departmental cooperation, social mobilization, mass participation and legal protection.

Health administrative departments at all levels incorporate health education and health promotion into target management and work plans, and organize implementation, supervision and assessment.

strengthen the capacity building of health education professional institutions and personnel. In 21, health education professional institutions at or above the county level should be equipped with health education professional and technical personnel, equipped with equipment to meet the needs of the work. Health education and health promotion professionals should have basic skills such as social mobilization, advocacy, communication and education, plan design, implementation, supervision and evaluation.

establish and improve the health education network. By 21, communities, hospitals, schools, enterprises and institutions will have service facilities and networks to carry out health education and health promotion directly for the target population.

improve the health education and health promotion information network. By 21, establish a national monitoring network and information base for people's health quality; Establish and improve the database of health education and health promotion center; Establish and improve the health education and health promotion expert database and communication material database.

ensure regular funds. The funds for health education and health promotion shall not be less than 5% of the local health expenditure in that year. Health departments at all levels should ensure the investment of health education funds in priority areas in optimizing the allocation of health resources and adjusting the investment structure of health funds, and increase with the proportion of public health funds.

(2) Do a good job in health education and health promotion of major diseases and public health emergencies

Health departments at all levels should conscientiously implement the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases, formulate plans for health education and health promotion for disease prevention and control, actively carry out health education and health promotion for the prevention and control of infectious diseases and endemic diseases, and focus on the prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases, AIDS, tuberculosis, hepatitis B and hepatitis B. Popularize the knowledge of prevention and treatment of chronic non-communicable diseases and actively advocate a healthy and civilized lifestyle.

health administrative departments at all levels should, in accordance with the requirements of Emergency Regulations on Public Health Emergencies, formulate health education and health promotion plans to deal with public health emergencies in combination with local conditions, carry out publicity and education and behavioral intervention on public knowledge of preventing and dealing with public health emergencies, and enhance public awareness and ability to cope with public health emergencies.

(3) extensively carry out rural health education and health promotion, actively promote the "National Health Promotion Action for Hundreds of Millions of Farmers"

Implement the Outline for the Development of Rural Primary Health Care in China (21-21), and governments at or above the county level should incorporate rural health education and health promotion into the local Primary Health Care Development Plan and the Rural Health Development Plan.

establish a working mechanism of rural health education and health promotion under the leadership of the government, and implement the work plan of "national health promotion action for hundreds of millions of farmers". Strengthen the construction of national and provincial "action" demonstration counties and districts, and summarize and popularize the successful experiences of different economic development areas.

Send medicine and knowledge to farmers in various forms and channels. Strengthen health education and training for rural floating population and workers in township enterprises before employment.

in combination with the construction of ecological and civilized villages and towns in rural areas, we will vigorously popularize the knowledge and technology of improving water and toilets in rural areas and improve the drinking water and environmental sanitation in rural areas.

By 21, the awareness rate of basic health knowledge of rural residents in eastern, central and western regions reached 8%, 7% and 6% respectively. The formation rate of health-related behaviors in the population reached 7%, 6% and 5% respectively.

(4) Carry out health education and health promotion in urban communities

Establish and improve the network of health education and health promotion in urban communities, which is led by the government, guided by professional health education institutions, with community health service institutions as the backbone and community neighborhood committees as the foundation.

actively promote the construction of "health promotion community" and promote the establishment of national civilized cities, national health cities, national health towns and WHO health cities. Vigorously carry out health activities such as "Meeting Healthy Communities". In view of the main risk factors affecting health, comprehensive community intervention was carried out. By 21, the awareness rate of health knowledge and the formation rate of health behavior of urban residents will reach 8% and 6% respectively.

(5) Carry out health education and health promotion based on places

1. Health education and health promotion in schools

According to the requirements of the Regulations on School Health Work and related regulations, various schools in urban and rural areas offer health education classes, carry out various forms of health education activities, strengthen education on healthy behavior, and focus on mental health, smoking control, environmental protection, staying away from drugs, preventing AIDS and accidental injuries.

carry out activities to establish health promotion schools in various schools.

By 21, the awareness rate of health knowledge among primary and secondary school students in urban areas and rural areas will reach 9% and 8% respectively. The formation rate of health behaviors of primary and secondary school students in urban areas and rural areas reached 7% and 6% respectively.

2. Health education and health promotion in hospitals

In accordance with the Law of the People's Republic of China on Medical Practitioners and other relevant laws and regulations, combined with holistic nursing, various medical and health institutions at all levels and their health technicians provide face-to-face and other forms of health education services to patients and their relatives. By 21, the awareness rate of self-care knowledge of patients and their families related diseases reached 8%.

Health education and health promotion should be included in the continuing medical education for health technicians. Actively carry out the activities of establishing health promotion hospitals.

3. Health education and health promotion in industrial and mining enterprises

Implement the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases and other laws and regulations, actively promote the "Safety-Health-Environment" as the center, advocate healthy production and lifestyle, and reduce and control the occurrence of occupational injuries, occupational diseases and occupational-related diseases.

Conduct targeted safety and health training for managers of industrial and mining enterprises and various workers, and the pre-job and post safety and health training rate of new employees, female workers and workers exposed to drugs and dust will reach 1%; In 21, the awareness rate of occupational safety and health knowledge of managers and employees in large enterprises reached over 9%, and the formation rate of related health behaviors reached over 8%.

4. Health education and health promotion in public places

According to the Regulations on Health Management in Public Places and related regulations, supervise and guide the business units in public places to carry out health knowledge training and retraining for employees, and take up their posts after passing the examination.

according to the law on popularization of science, the management units of various public places have the responsibility to publicize health science to the public within their jurisdiction. No smoking, obvious safety signs, smooth fire evacuation routes, sound emergency measures, and actively create a healthy environment.

(VI) Health education and health promotion for key populations

In accordance with the Maternal and Child Health Care Law of the People's Republic of China, the Outline for the Development of Women in China and the Outline for the Development of Children in China, various forms of health education and health promotion activities for women and children are carried out to promote the all-round development of reproductive health. By 21, the popularization rate of maternal and child health education will reach 1% in cities and 8% in rural areas.

To meet the health needs of an aging society, strengthen health education and health promotion for the elderly in urban and rural areas. Carry out various forms of educational activities such as fitness for the elderly, health care for the elderly, prevention and rehabilitation of senile diseases, and improve the health level and quality of life of the elderly.

(VII) Controlling tobacco harm and addiction

Fulfill the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and strengthen tobacco control capacity building.

Popularize knowledge about tobacco hazards, carry out smoking behavior intervention, and reduce smoking rate.

Smoking is prohibited in public places, and all kinds of public places have obvious tobacco control signs and managers.

actively carry out activities to create smoke-free units and smoke-free families. By 21, 9% of primary and secondary schools and 9% of hospitals will become smoke-free places. We will continue to create cities without tobacco advertisements. By 21, cities without tobacco advertisements will cover 3% of the total number of cities above the municipal level.

The prevention of drug addiction and alcoholism will be included in the important contents of public health education and community health education, and the education of citizens' moral awareness will be strengthened.

IV. Strategies and measures

(1) Strengthening leadership and standardizing management

Health administrative departments at all levels should strengthen their leadership over health education and health promotion, clarify their responsibilities, strengthen standardized management, and organize the implementation of the objectives and measures of the Planning Outline. Optimize the allocation of health resources and effectively solve the difficulties and problems encountered in the work. Establish a fund guarantee mechanism that combines government investment with multi-party fundraising and adapts to the socialist market economic system and laws.

(2) Promote the implementation of the Planning Outline from point to area

All localities should conscientiously do a good job in the comprehensive pilot construction of communities according to the tasks and objectives of the Planning Outline, carry out applied research on health education and health promotion, absorb and learn from advanced experience and technology at home and abroad, explore and summarize the pilot experience, and guide the general work.

(3) Strengthen departmental coordination and mobilize social participation

Health administrative departments at all levels should actively advocate healthy public policies, strengthen multi-sectoral coordination, give play to the role of non-governmental organizations such as health education associations at all levels and mass media, guide and cultivate community people to participate in health education activities extensively, build a social network of health education and health promotion, and create a healthy supporting environment.

(4) Strengthen capacity building and promote the development of disciplines

Strengthen the construction of health education professional institutions at all levels, equip them with corresponding professional and technical personnel and equipment needed for work, and give play to their role as business and technical guidance centers.

Carry out health education and health promotion training to improve the ability and level of health education for all kinds of health personnel at all levels. Incorporate personnel training into the unit assessment mechanism and conduct regular assessment.

Strengthen the communication between different provinces, cities and regions, establish the cooperation area and annual meeting system of health education and health promotion, strengthen theoretical research and the popularization and application of new theories and technologies, and promote the development of disciplines.

establish and improve the national, provincial (autonomous regions, municipalities), prefectural (municipal) and county health education information networks, standardize the health information release system, and collect and exchange health education and health promotion information at home and abroad by means of modern technology.

strengthen international academic exchanges and cooperation in health education and health promotion.

(V) Supervision, monitoring and evaluation

The Ministry of Health has formulated an evaluation index system for the Outline of the Plan.