Knowledge about protecting water resources.

Water is one of the indispensable conditions for human survival. Without water, there would be no life, so we must protect water resources.

If we imagine the earth as a blue planet, 71% of its surface area is covered with water. In fact, 97.5% of the water on the earth is salt water, and only 2.5% is fresh water. In fresh water, nearly 7% is frozen in the ice sheets of Antarctica and Greenland, and most of the rest is soil moisture or deep groundwater, which is difficult to exploit for human use.

Water from rivers, lakes, reservoirs and shallow groundwater is easy to be exploited for human direct use, but its quantity is less than 1% of the world's fresh water, accounting for about .7% of all the water on the earth. The annual precipitation of water resources on the mainland in the world is about 11 trillion cubic meters. After deducting atmospheric evaporation and water absorbed by plants, the river runoff in the world is about 42.7 trillion cubic meters. According to the world population in 1995, the average amount of water available to each person per year is 7,3 cubic meters.

Due to the increasing population in the world, this average has dropped by 37% compared with 197. If we don't cherish it, the last drop of water will be equivalent to blood. Therefore, any of us should have the consciousness of protecting and saving water resources, which can be done from the following points.

1. To cherish water, only by realizing that "saving water is glorious and wasting water is shameful" can we always pay attention to saving water and start from the little things around us;

2. Develop good habits, such as turning off the dripping faucet;

3. Use water-saving appliances;

4. To check leakage and plug flow, as far as production is concerned, especially for some industries with high water consumption, we should focus on how to optimize the operation of water system, how to improve the concentration multiple of circulating water and how to improve the recycling of water resources, and actively organize technical research to improve the comprehensive utilization rate of water; At the same time, a feasible operation system is formulated, and the water consumption of products is managed by quota, which is assessed as a technical and economic index to reduce waste.

Extended information:

Specific measures to protect water resources

First of all, we should establish the consciousness of cherishing water and carry out warning education on water resources. For a long time, most people generally believe that water is an inexhaustible "cornucopia", which is wasted in use and does not know how to cherish it consciously. In fact, the water resources on the earth are not inexhaustible, especially in China, the per capita water resources are not abundant, the regional distribution is uneven, and the year is unpredictable, and the inter-annual difference is great. Coupled with serious pollution, the water resources are even more scarce, which is vividly reflected by the repeated water cuts in the Yellow River.

The state has initiated water resources utilization projects such as "Yellow River Diversion Project" and "South-to-North Water Transfer Project", aiming at solving the problem of water shortage in some areas, but it should make us think deeply: Where to "divert water from the Yellow River" when the water of the Yellow River is exhausted? How to "transfer water to the north" when the water in the south is polluted? Therefore, people must establish a sense of water crisis, take saving water resources as our conscious code of conduct, and adopt various forms to carry out water resources warning education.

secondly, water resources must be developed rationally to avoid water resources destruction. The development of water resources includes surface water resources development and groundwater resources development. When exploiting groundwater, water should be exploited by layers because of the great difference in water quality among aquifers. The contaminated diving and confined water shall not be mixed mining; For exploration projects that expose and penetrate water layers, layered water stopping and hole sealing must be done strictly in accordance with relevant regulations to effectively prevent water pollution and ensure the sustainable development of water bodies.

1. Vigorously develop greening, increase forest area and conserve water. Forests can conserve water, reduce ineffective evaporation and regulate microclimate, which is of throttling significance. It is possible to increase precipitation in forest areas and forest edges, which is of open source significance.

2. Improve the comprehensive utilization of water resources. Water has the characteristics of comprehensive utilization in the same space. Reservoirs can store flood water and cultivate aquatic animals and plants. Large water surfaces can be navigable, and some water bodies can also be used for tourism. The water used in hydropower generation can be used for irrigation.

The water leaked from the canal system and fields can be pumped underground, and the water pumped underground can also be pumped and reused downstream of the irrigation area. Xinjiang is an arid area. Without irrigation, there would be no agriculture. Trying to improve the water diversion rate of rivers and arrange the relationship between upstream and downstream water use is equivalent to opening up water sources.

3. Water transfer project. Due to the geographical and climatic characteristics, the distribution of water between regions is not balanced. It is an effective means to solve the problem of water shortage and open up a new economic zone by using natural factors and artificial transformation to transfer water from water-rich areas to water-deficient areas.

4. Protection of water resources. Water resources are polluted, which makes the water that can be used become unusable, which is actually equivalent to reducing water resources. At present, 4% rivers in the world have been polluted to varying degrees, and there is an upward trend.

5. urban development and utilization of sewage resources, development of reclaimed water treatment, sewage reuse technology. After being treated and purified, the high-quality miscellaneous drainage produced by some industrial production and life in the city can reach a certain water quality standard, and can be used as non-drinking water for greening and sanitary water use.

6. Develop and popularize water-saving appliances. According to incomplete statistics, there are nearly 4 million sets of toilet water tanks and a large number of other sanitary appliances in China, and hundreds of millions of cubic meters of water are lost every year due to the leakage of toilet water tanks.

7. Strengthen the legal system construction and publicity work of protecting water resources and saving water, enhance the awareness of water saving of the whole people, make people consciously realize that water is a precious resource, and abandon the obsolete concept of "inexhaustible", and a good social fashion of cherishing, saving and protecting water resources has begun to take shape. To protect water resources, we must first mobilize the whole society and change the traditional concept of water use. We should make everyone realize that water is precious.

The water used for flushing the toilet every time is equivalent to the per capita daily water consumption in some developing countries; Taking a cold bath in summer is equivalent to the daily water consumption of dozens of people in water-deficient countries; If the faucet is not tightened, the water lost in one night is equivalent to the total daily drinking water of a village in a water-deficient area of Africa or Asia. This is by no means sensational, but the result of years of investigation by relevant United Nations agencies. Therefore, it is necessary to appeal to the whole society to save water, use more water and make full use of circulating water.

it is an effective way to protect and utilize water resources to reform the current water use system, strengthen the government's macro-control and intensify pollution control and environmental protection. At present, we should intensify the reform, break the monopoly of the industry, improve the organization and unified management, and establish a bottom-up water supervision system throughout the country.

further reform the water price, implement seasonal water price, and impose relatively high consumption tax in water shortage areas to limit water use. Only in this way can it be beneficial to environmental protection and cost reduction and take the road of sustainable development.

It is also an important content of protecting and utilizing water resources to make full use of market mechanism and develop water market with China characteristics so as to optimize the allocation of water resources. The 21st century is called the century of water. China water industry has ushered in an unprecedented development opportunity. It is predicted that the water industry in China should have a space of more than one trillion yuan, and by 25, sewage treatment alone will have a market share of 4 billion yuan.

For many years, because "water" has a strong social welfare color, it is not a real commodity. The deviation between the value and price of water has seriously restricted the development of the water industry, so water resources cannot be effectively protected. This situation should be changed in the new historical situation.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Water

Baidu Encyclopedia-Protecting Water Resources