What are the operating models of Japanese construction companies and the characteristics of construction site project management?

The operating model of Japanese construction companies and the characteristics of construction site project management

1. The operating model of Japanese construction companies has the following characteristics:

1. All projects are directly operated by the company;

2. Project department management personnel are dispatched by the company;

3. The company implements target management and budget management for the project department;

4. Unified procurement and distribution of materials;

5. The role of the project manager is mainly production management, including coordinating cooperative units, organizing production, and completing the goals set by the company within the budget. Project risks are borne by the company. In addition to salary, the project manager's enthusiasm mainly comes from professionalism and "love for society", that is, professionalism and serious and responsible attitude;

6. The company headquarters has very strong management and support capabilities, a strong team, and streamlined branch and project construction personnel. For example, Tokyo Marunouchi: Marunouchi Trust Tower project has 4 underground floors, 37 floors above ground, and 2 floors of tower house. The total construction area is 115371.18m2 and the maximum is 178.0m. There are only a dozen project management personnel and only about 80 construction personnel.

7. The project mainly adopts the general subcontracting model, with management and labor layers separated, and the degree of specialization is high. Large construction companies are entirely management companies. They undertake projects in various places and organize management teams after receiving the projects. Most of the specific construction is subcontracted to professional companies.

2. Characteristics of Japanese construction site project management

1. A distinctive feature of the Japanese construction industry is its new construction technology, high degree of mechanization, and good project quality.

1) In order to reduce the amount of on-site construction, the large use of reinforced concrete and steel structure prefabricated parts is the main feature of Japanese construction technology. The prefabricated parts are produced on an assembly line, and the components are of high quality, and both the visual and intrinsic quality are reliably guaranteed. For example, beams, columns, exterior walls, load-bearing walls and balconies are all prefabricated with reinforced concrete, the floors are a combination of prefabrication and cast-in-place, and the stairs are steel structures. The wall tiles are also pasted directly in the factory and are of good quality. For example, the color of the wall tiles is uniform; the surface is flat and clean; the joints are continuous, straight and smooth; the overlap of the yin and yang corners is correct; especially the yang corners are made of whole "L" shaped tiles, without the need for joints, etc.

2) After the prefabricated parts are preformed in the factory, they are directly transported to the site for hoisting. This requires high requirements for construction machinery, but due to the reduced workload on site, it can greatly save labor.

3) The pipelines are not buried in advance and are all installed on site.

4) Due to the reasonable and effective fixing method, the embedded parts are accurately positioned and fixed and will not shift;

5) There is basically no need to paint on site and they are used in large quantities. Lightweight partitions, wallpaper;

6), steel bars between prefabricated columns are connected with special glue, etc.

7) The process is overlapping construction. For example, the 18-story residential building in Morizotai Phase 5 project has an uncapped structure. The indoor fine decoration has been completed below the 10th floor, and the indoor fine decoration on the ground floor and second floor has been completed. These construction techniques have obvious advantages, such as it is easier to achieve personalized building appearance, high quality, fast construction period, larger indoor usable area for the same building area, etc.

2. After years of rapid development, the Japanese construction industry has explored a set of effective safety management models and methods.

1) Construction safety education and training has its own system. The main safety education and training should be strictly implemented, including: safety education and training for dangerous operations, education and training for team leaders/supervisors, and safety education for new workers entering the site. Safety education for transferred workers, etc. The project management and labor levels have a very strong safety awareness, and everyone is truly aware of it. The project manager is the first person in charge of on-site safety. Construction sites generally do not have full-time safety officers, and the team leader is responsible. A special safety education place for new workers entering the workplace is set up in the on-site office building. According to Japanese regulations, safety education is given to new workers for 1 to 2 hours each time. Safety education is carried out by a dedicated person and is implemented in detail. Employees' safety helmets are managed in categories, clearly labeled, and marked with safety tips such as "Protect your own body."

2) Early gift: All construction companies in Japan implement an early gift system in their project departments. Through personal participation, we feel that the morning ceremony activity can not only effectively avoid some safety hazards and control risks, but also strengthen communication and exchanges between teams, and greatly improve the mental outlook of workers.

Communication is a necessary means of management. Good communication makes information common and has a scientific basis for decision-making; communication makes responsibilities clear and avoids the vacuum zone of management; communication enables the sharing of information and makes the collaboration of different types of work more harmonious and effective. elasticity. The morning reception desk was decorated in a simple and practical manner, with complete content, pictures and texts, and all team names, team leader photos, etc. were posted on the wall to encourage competition. The process of morning ritual generally includes several steps: preparing for activities, doing morning exercises → standing in line, counting, greeting each other, explaining health conditions, and shouting → each team leader comes on stage one by one to introduce the work location, analyze potential dangers, and formulate corresponding plans. Preventive measures→New employees introduce themselves→The person in charge of safety makes a concluding speech→After the end, each team communicates internally. The entire morning ceremony process is tense and orderly, and the time is generally controlled to about 20 minutes.

3) The safety protection facilities and protective equipment are advanced and reasonable in design, simple and convenient to use, and full of humanization. The periphery of the building is fully enclosed, neat and tidy; the cantilever protection frame is made of high-strength aluminum alloy brackets; the external scaffolding is tool-type, easy to erect, and is made of galvanized steel pipes. The edge and opening protection is standardized, tool-style, simple and practical. Protective railings are set up around the deep foundation pit, and the up and down stairs are tool-style, stereotyped steel stairs. The outside of the stairs is completely enclosed by a safety net. The safety passage is built with steel pipes. The width of the protective passage is about 1 meter and is designed for personnel to enter and exit. The fasteners are wrapped in yellow soft jackets, which are clear, eye-catching and humane. Large machinery is managed by dedicated personnel and equipped with complete safety protection devices. Personal protective equipment is mainly provided by workers themselves. The safety belt design is very reasonable. Small special tools are fully equipped and tied with ropes and safety belts. They are easy to carry and use, are not easy to lose, and are safer. A special storage place for personal safety protection equipment is set up on site. The brackets are simple and practical, and the equipment is neatly stacked for easy management.

3. Japan’s overall environment is neat and clean, which is actually closely related to the strong environmental awareness of the Japanese people. We can understand this from the good on-site environment at the construction site and the employees' proactive and conscious civilized behavior.

1). Continuous and airtight color steel plate enclosures are set up around the enclosed construction site. Steel pipes are mainly used for reinforcement, which is stable, beautiful and elegant.

2) Various nameplates and noticeboards are prominently placed at the gate of the construction site, with unified specifications and clear expressions; a dedicated person is set up at the gate to manage and direct traffic at the gate.

3) The ground at the construction site is not hardened, but is laid with steel plates. The one-time investment is large, but it can be reused to avoid waste. Eye-catching safety slogans or appropriate safety warning signs are set up at the main construction sites, dangerous areas, and major intersections. On-site materials should be stacked neatly and labeled according to the location specified on the site floor plan. During the construction process, the materials should be cleaned after the work is completed and the site should be kept clean. There is no dedicated person responsible for cleaning at the site. It is all managed by the team themselves. Workers are conscious and do a good job in cleaning up.

4). The construction area and non-construction area of ??the living facilities construction site are strictly separated. An office area is set up on site. Since the on-site construction workers do not stay on site, there is no dormitory building. The office building is built with color steel plates, which is beautiful, safe and reliable. The corridors are neat and clean. The office layout is simple and elegant, all kinds of supplies are neatly placed, and the picture boards are beautifully made and clearly expressed. A dedicated smoking area is set up on site to prevent random smoking. A canteen is set up on site to supply all kinds of food and beverages. The environment is clean and hygienic, similar to domestic chain convenience stores such as Lianhua. A special resting place is set up on site for workers to rest. The canteen is very simple in layout, but very clean and tidy. Set up a centralized garbage storage site on site, set up closed garbage cans, and carry out classified disposal.

4. Finished product protection Japanese construction workers have a strong awareness of finished product protection, and have formulated some targeted finished product protection measures during construction, which are worth learning from. The protection of finished products focuses on practicality and environmental protection, so as to turn waste into preservation and facilitate reuse. For example: During the binding process of floor steel bars, special channels are set up to avoid stepping on the steel bars and causing deformation of the steel bars. Anti-collision devices are installed at pillar corners, wall corners, stair steps and other parts that are prone to collision for effective protection. Cover and protect the floor of the building that has been completed. A flexible panel is installed at the elevator door to protect the floor. After aluminum alloying, packaging materials are used to protect it. Areas that have been completed will be fenced off or closed to prevent unauthorized persons from entering.

5. Quality control The construction technology of Japanese projects is relatively advanced, the level of on-site management is high, and the employees have good quality awareness and serious and responsible work attitudes, so the overall quality is generally good. For example, the acceptance system is perfect and strictly implemented. Strengthen team management, encourage competition, and provide appropriate rewards and punishments. Reward outstanding employees and post them on the wall for publicity and praise. The formwork support system adopts adjustable tool-type steel pipe support, which is not only easy to install, but also stable and highly precise. Large area steel bars are tied horizontally and vertically, with uniform spacing, and the protective layer is controlled in place. The basement uses fair-faced concrete walls, with a smooth, dense surface and sharp edges and corners. The pipeline installation is neatly arranged and clearly marked. The large-area cement floor does not have silo joints, has high flatness and does not absorb sand. The wall tiles have uniform color; the surface is flat and clean; the joints are continuous, straight and smooth, etc. The interior decoration is of high standard, with exquisite craftsmanship, clean lines and uniform tones.

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