During the Anti-Japanese War, the Party’s anti-Japanese struggle in the Kuomintang-controlled areas and occupied areas

After the September 18th Incident in 1931, Japan invaded and occupied the three eastern provinces of China and supported Puyi, the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, to establish the "Puppet Manchukuo" puppet regime. The infamous Unit 731 was a germ warfare unit established in the enemy-occupied Northeastern region. This secret base used healthy living people to conduct experiments on germ warfare and poison gas warfare. Its crimes were the same as those of Auschwitz and the Nanjing Massacre. It is appalling and can be called the largest and most inhumane germ warfare research in human history.

This is just the tip of the iceberg among tens of millions of heinous crimes committed by Japan in the occupied territories after Japan invaded China.

After Japan's war of aggression against China began, with the fall of large areas of the country, the Japanese army carried out brutal colonial rule, economic plunder, and enslavement education in the occupied areas. These countless criminal acts aroused strong resistance from the people in the occupied areas.

In order to organize and lead the people of the country to resist the aggression of Japanese imperialism, the Communist Party of China, under the guidance of the comprehensive anti-war line, carried out a large number of arduous and meticulous tasks in the Kuomintang-controlled areas and occupied areas in a planned and focused manner. work and fought hard and persistently against the Japanese invaders.

After the fall of Guangzhou and Wuhan, the Anti-Japanese War entered a stalemate stage, and the battlefield behind enemy lines led by the Communist Party also entered the most difficult stage called "darkness before dawn" by Mao Zedong. At this time, the Japanese aggressors used their main forces to attack the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army on the battlefield behind enemy lines.

In February 1941, as soon as Okamura Neiji took office as the commander of the Japanese North China Front, he issued an order: "The Communist Party and the Eighth Route Army in North China must be completely eliminated within four months," vowing to fight in blood Establish a "Greater East Asia Prosperity Sphere" in the sea. Regarding the occupied territories and the Nationalist Government, Japan implemented the policy of "using China to control China" and "fighting to support war." "Using China to control China" means to win over China's capitulationists and induce them to surrender politically, organize a puppet regime, fake the illusion of returning power to the Chinese, and split China's anti-Japanese united front; "use war to support war" is an economic offensive. The main method is to plunder a large amount of human and material resources from the occupied areas, implement colonial rule, and manage the occupied areas to support the needs of the war.

With the changes in Japan's strategic policies, different groups in the highest authorities of the Kuomintang also became divided. Although Chiang Kai-shek persisted in the war of resistance, he did not surrender to Japan. However, with the rapid development of the anti-Japanese base areas and guerrilla warfare behind enemy lines, and the rapid expansion of the power of the leadership of the Communist Party, his wariness against the Communist Party increased significantly. When reviewing the year at the end of 1938, Chiang Kai-shek wrote: "The Communist Party is taking the opportunity to expand its power, which is really worrying inside."

Since then, the Kuomintang has continued to create pain and hatred for relatives everywhere. Due to the rapid friction incident, the Eighth Route Army's salaries, ammunition, uniforms and other materials were gradually suspended, and the anti-Japanese united front was in danger.

In order to break the political and economic aggression strategy of Japanese imperialism and unite all forces capable of resisting Japan to the greatest extent, under the situation of changes in the cooperative anti-Japanese relationship between the two parties, the Communist Party of China based on the Anti-Japanese War In order to meet the strategic tasks and struggle needs of the Kuomintang, the "Sixteen-Character Policy" of "concealing capable personnel, laying ambush for a long time, accumulating strength, and waiting for the opportunity" was formulated to carry out work in the Kuomintang-controlled areas and occupied areas.

In January 1939, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China established the Southern Bureau with Zhou Enlai as secretary to provide overall leadership for the party's work in the Kuomintang-controlled areas of South China and Southwest China. In September 1940, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China established the Working Committee behind Enemy Lines, with Zhou Enlai still in charge. Its main task was to lead and promote the work of the entire city behind enemy lines.

Leading the masses in the occupied areas to carry out legal struggles

In response to the Japanese army's attempt to "support war with war" to plunder China's resources, the party organization led the workers in the occupied areas to use forms of struggle such as work slowdowns and strikes. , interfere with and disrupt the enemy's deployment.

From 1942 to 1943, the workers of the Shanghai Electric Power Company adopted the method of "organized struggle without organized form". They used the lunch break of Japanese managers to quickly gather and stage a sit-down strike. The strike was slightly Retreat after harvesting; French merchant hydropower company adopts the method of "headless struggle". "The workers do not send representatives, do not put forward conditions, and do not leave the workshop. They just stop working and complain about the difficulties in life. It is not until the management agrees to increase wages that the workers Return to normal work".

Under the leadership of the party, the mass organizations did not suffer major damage and maintained a continuous struggle against the Japanese invaders.

Raise the banner of the Anti-Japanese National United Front

Under the guidance of adhering to the principle of consolidating and expanding the Anti-Japanese National United Front, party organizations united and united through various channels in occupied areas and Kuomintang-controlled areas. Winning over various anti-Japanese forces behind enemy lines. Not only did we win over patriotic people from the upper echelons of the cultural and national industrial and commercial circles, as well as foreign friendly people who sympathized with China's anti-Japanese resistance, we also used the contradictions between the enemy and the puppets to divide and disintegrate the enemy, and concentrated our efforts on attacking the Japanese aggressors and their lackeys.

In North China, the underground party led the united front organization "North China People's Armed Self-Defense Committee" to extensively mobilize and organize anti-Japanese people from all walks of life to participate in the anti-Japanese and national salvation movement. The underground party in Peiping actively carried out work against the upper class of society and the cultural and educational circles, causing Dong Luan, a professor at Yenching University, Lan Gongwu, a professor at China University, and Li Jianbo, a professor at Normal University, who did not want to associate with the enemy, to leave Peiping and come to the anti-Japanese base areas.

In East China, the Shanghai party organization contacted the upper class through various dinner parties, united celebrities and national capitalists from all walks of life in Shanghai who supported the anti-war, and enlisted them to fight against Japan together.

In the Kuomintang-controlled areas, the Southern Bureau headed by Zhou Enlai did a lot of work around safeguarding national independence cooperation, winning over democratic parties and intellectuals, and consolidating and expanding the anti-Japanese national united front. He carried out many fruitful united front work against the upper echelons of the Kuomintang, including Feng Yuxiang, Zhang Chong, and Zhang Zhizhong, as well as the Democratic Alliance and the National Salvation Association.

In early 1942, after the Japanese army occupied Hong Kong, the Party Central Committee and the Southern Bureau jointly organized a secret rescue operation for intellectuals that lasted for nine months. They rescued He Xiangning, Liu Yazi, Zou Taofen, Mao Dun, and Hu More than 800 anti-Japanese patriotic cultural and democratic figures and their families, including Sheng Sheng, Xia Yan, etc., helped nearly a hundred international friends escape from danger.

This large-scale rescue work made the intellectuals feel the broad mind of the Communist Party, strengthened their confidence and determination to cooperate with the Communist Party, and played a significant role in consolidating and developing the anti-Japanese national united front. played an important role in promoting.

Struggle on hidden fronts

The party established hidden fronts in occupied areas and carried out fruitful intelligence work.

The party’s intelligence department used various relationships to collect various important information on the deployment of enemy military forces along the railway, the setting of blockades and checkpoints, and the whereabouts of troop mobilization in Japan, puppet agencies, enterprises and public institutions. It provides an important basis for decision-making in various base areas and the Party Central Leadership.

The Social Affairs Department of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Central Bureau, established in March 1939, sent hundreds of intelligence officers to Ping, Tianjin, Shanghai, Shenyang, Harbin, Changchun and other popular cities to organize and contact local secret party members. , progressive youth and anti-Japanese patriots, infiltrated into the enemy's interior and formed thousands of underground elite soldiers. Secret communication lines were established between cities and anti-Japanese base areas to collect various military supplies and medicines for the revolutionary base areas. Four such important secret communication lines were established between Pingjin and Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei anti-Japanese base areas.

In Shanghai, Pan Hannian, deputy minister of the Ministry of Social Affairs of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, adopted the strategy of "punch in" and "pull out" to penetrate into the Japanese and puppet party and government institutions and obtain a large amount of Japanese and puppet strategic intelligence, including Including the British and French Far East Munich activities in 1939, the outbreak of the German-Soviet War in 1941, Japan's "Southern Advance" strategy, Chiang Kai-shek's collusion and other important information.

Carry out anti-Japanese propaganda through various channels

Through various open and secret channels, the party carried out extensive patriotism and new-democratic propaganda to the broad masses of the people in Kuomintang-controlled areas and occupied areas. Propaganda and education.

In order to enhance the anti-Japanese confidence of the people in the occupied areas, the party organization carried out publicity and education to the people through individual contacts, oral conversations, reading groups, secretly posting anti-Japanese leaflets, etc., and encouraged a large number of progressive young people to go to the revolutionary base Join the revolution or participate in the anti-Japanese underground struggle.

In the Kuomintang-controlled area, the Central Southern Bureau of the Communist Party of China published a large number of articles and editorials promoting the party's line, principles and policies, and the anti-Japanese national united front through the "Xinhua Daily" and "People" magazines founded in Wuhan. Time and time again, he inspires people and sows hope in the flames of war.

Instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the "Southern Anhui Incident"

In order to expose the political oppression and cultural rule carried out by the Kuomintang after the Wannan Incident, the Southern Bureau, under the direct guidance of Zhou Enlai, was organized by Guo Moruo created the historical drama "Qu Yuan".

Its performance caused a sensation in the mountainous city and shocked the Kuomintang-controlled areas, making the Kuomintang unable to suppress and unable to stop it. It played an important role in exposing the Kuomintang's crimes of undermining the anti-Japanese national united front and expanding the political influence of the Communist Party of China.

Source | CCTV National Memory