Knowledge of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (what are the precautions for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases)

1. What are the precautions for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases?

Cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, arrhythmia, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, arterial and peripheral vascular diseases, are mostly chronic diseases with a long course. Many factors can induce or aggravate diseases, and some of them are even fatal. Therefore, understanding cardiovascular diseases is very important for your health.

Please pay attention to the following aspects: 1 Common sense: Understand the common sense of health care and treatment of diseases through doctors, nurses and related books, make clear the name, type, classification and staging of diseases, and master the first aid methods and precautions in acute attack. Second, diet: cardiovascular diseases advocate a low-salt, low-fat and high-fiber diet, and eat more fresh vegetables. Diabetic patients should strictly follow the diabetic diet.

The daily intake of common dietary salt in this area exceeds 9 ~ 12g, far exceeding the standard recommended by the World Health Organization (5 ~ 6g per day). The pickles and Aral Sea products that people in this area like to eat are high in salt and should be restricted and prohibited.

About salt intake: 5~7 grams per day for patients with mild hypertension and less than 3 grams per day for patients with moderate and severe hypertension; Patients with mild heart failure are less than 5 grams per day, moderately less than 2.5 grams, and severely less than 1 gram or even banned. Three. Work and life arrangement: After the acute and severe illness is discharged from the hospital, physical exercise and daily life should be arranged appropriately according to the specific conditions of age, physical strength and disease, so as to avoid excessive mental stress and physical activity, ensure enough sleep and rest time, and combine work and rest, which is beneficial to the nerve and blood circulation function and improve exercise tolerance. Obese people can lose weight.

However, uncontrolled patients such as angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction, severe hypertension and arrhythmia should be restricted in their activities. Fourth, blood pressure monitoring: Blood pressure monitoring of cardiovascular diseases is very important, especially for patients with hypertension, and it should be measured at least once a week.

Attention should be paid to the circadian rhythm and physiological changes of blood pressure. The measured values of different limbs are different, generally taking the right upper arm as the standard. Mental stress should be eliminated before measurement, and the measurement should be carried out after rest 10- 15 minutes. Try to measure people regularly, learn the correct measurement methods and judge the measurement results, and record the changes of blood pressure and corresponding conditions.

5. Quit smoking and drinking: Smoking and drinking are common bad habits in this area, which are closely related to diseases such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, arrhythmia and heart failure, especially sudden death coronary heart disease. After abstinence, the risk of illness is obviously reduced, which is an effective preventive measure.

6. Mental health care: Cardiovascular diseases are mostly chronic diseases with long course and many complications, which have different degrees of influence on the quality of life. We should correctly understand the disease and establish an optimistic outlook on life, avoid anxiety, tension and pessimism, and enhance our determination and confidence to overcome the disease.

7. Insist on taking medicine according to the doctor's advice: most cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, heart failure, etc. Need to take medicine for a long time. Treatment after discharge is an important part of the whole treatment plan of the disease. Patients spend most of their time receiving treatment after discharge, especially those with hypertension. It is very dangerous to insist on taking medicine after the blood pressure is controlled normally. Sudden withdrawal of drugs will lead to withdrawal syndrome, which will worsen the condition. Pay attention to the name, type, usage, adverse reactions and origin of drugs.

Drugs for cardiovascular diseases are developing rapidly, and the treatment concept is constantly updated. Some traditional drugs are gradually replaced by a series of new drugs because of many side effects and unreliable curative effects, and some even aggravate the condition. For example, patients with coronary heart disease should use dipyridamole with caution, patients with myocardial infarction should use nifedipine with caution, and patients with hypertension should not take compound antihypertensive tablets (or compound apocynum venetum tablets) again.

These drugs have been replaced by new drugs with good curative effect and less adverse reactions. In addition, it is more noteworthy that you should never take drugs with unreliable quality, and try to buy drugs from regular pharmacies and reputable medical units in regular hospitals.

Regular follow-up: Regular follow-up of cardiovascular diseases is very important, and the doctor will adjust the dosage and type of medication according to your condition. Because the use of cardiovascular drugs is very complicated, it is recommended that you go to a hospital with a cardiovascular clinic for a follow-up visit.

If you suddenly have chest tightness, chest pain, headache, dizziness, palpitations, etc. You should go to the hospital in time.

2. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases

With the improvement of living standards and the change of life rhythm, "three high diseases" (namely hypertension, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia) are called "diseases of wealth", and elderly people with hypertension are cautious and principled when using antihypertensive drugs. With the increase of age, the prevalence of hypertension is also increasing.

40%~45% of the elderly over 60 years old suffer from hypertension and hyperglycemia or hyperlipidemia. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Health in 2007, according to foreign data, about 50% of diabetic patients are complicated with senile diseases such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia. The key to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is prevention, which is a disease with high disability rate.

Once you get this disease, it is difficult for you to take care of yourself, which will cause great financial burden and psychological pressure to your family. Patients themselves are often depressed because they drag down their families, thus affecting the treatment of diseases.

For cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, whether from the economic point of view, family point of view, or from the health point of view, only prevention is a foolproof policy and brilliant move. Prevention a day earlier, peace of mind a little earlier.

In particular, the following people should be highly valued and need to prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases immediately. 1, government officials, business leaders, intellectuals, etc.

Because they are under too much pressure and nervous every day, their nerves are out of balance and their metabolism is out of order. The imbalance of main organ functions is easy to cause arteriosclerosis, which leads to coronary heart disease and cerebral thrombosis. 2, excessive alcohol and tobacco, irregular life.

They are more likely to cause vasospasm, poor blood flow and often suffer from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases prematurely. 3. Obesity and unscientific diet.

They are often overnourished, which makes the blood cholesterol content too high. 4. People over 40 years old, especially middle-aged and elderly friends with dizziness, palpitation, shortness of breath, memory loss, numbness of limbs, and decreased hearing and vision.

The secret of preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases lies in "reasonable diet, moderate exercise, quitting smoking and limiting alcohol, eating less salt and maintaining psychological balance". The birth of fish oil ensures the prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

To prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, we should develop the following good living habits. (1) Reasonable Diet With the improvement of people's living standards in China, the quality of life of residents has been continuously improved.

However, many people's diet is not scientific, thinking that big fish and big meat are the improvement of quality of life, but it is not. People's health status is different, so should their diet.

It is suggested that patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases develop the following eating habits. 1, increasing fiber in fiber diet can reduce serum cholesterol concentration.

Foods rich in dietary fiber mainly include miscellaneous grains, rice bran, wheat bran, dried beans, kelp, vegetables and fruits. 35-45 grams of fiber per day. Common foods with lipid-lowering function include onion, garlic, mushrooms, fungus, celery and so on.

2. Eat more fish and fish oil. Fish oil has obvious function of regulating blood lipid and preventing arteriosclerosis. A large intake of fish oil rich in omega-3 has a positive preventive effect on cardiovascular diseases.

International nutrition organizations suggest that people should consume 2,500 kilocalories per day, and correspondingly 0.6- 1 g omega-3 fatty acids in the form of EPA and DHA. Take the middle-aged and elderly fish oil of Hongyangshen as an example, you must take at least 3-5 700 mg fish oil capsules with a content of 30% every day to ensure the basic needs of the human body.

3, eat more soy products, soybeans are rich in a variety of phospholipids necessary for the human body. Eating more bean products such as bean curd, bean sprouts, dried bean curd and soybean oil is beneficial to human health and can prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

4. In addition, the intake of fat and cholesterol should be reduced appropriately. The intake of fat should be strictly limited to no more than 30 grams per day or less than 65,438+05% of the total calories. The intake of cholesterol should be controlled below 200 mg -300 mg per day.

Try to avoid eating foods with high cholesterol content, such as brain, spinal cord, viscera, egg yolk, shellfish (such as mussels) and mollusks (such as squid, cuttlefish and roe). (2) Live scientifically 1, strengthen physical exercise every day 1 hour, keep your heart rate below 170 when exercising, or feel slightly sweaty, feel relaxed after exercise, and keep exercising for not less than 5 days a week.

2. Quit smoking and limit alcohol. Long-term smoking and alcoholism will interfere with blood lipid metabolism and increase blood lipids. 3. Avoid mental stress, emotional excitement, insomnia, overwork, irregular life, anxiety and depression, etc. to make lipid metabolism disorder.

Middle-aged and elderly people should not play mahjong or chess for a long time, keep calm and try to be less angry. (3) Take drugs that interfere with lipid metabolism as little as possible, such as beta blockers, propranolol, diuretics, dihydrograms, furosemide and steroid hormones. , will raise blood lipids.

(4) Actively treat related diseases that affect blood lipid metabolism, such as diabetes, hypothyroidism, nephrotic syndrome, alcoholism, pancreatitis and lupus erythematosus. , will interfere with blood lipid metabolism. (5) Middle-aged people over 45 years old, obese people, people with a family history of hyperlipidemia, people who often take part in eating, drinking and entertainment, and workers with high mental stress are all high-risk targets. Blood lipid and blood pressure should be checked regularly (at least once a year).

Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases diet should avoid myocardial infarction: supplement vitamin C and trace elements. In order to strengthen the elasticity and toughness of blood vessels and prevent bleeding, trace element iodine can reduce the deposition of cholesterol, fat and calcium salt on the blood vessel wall and hinder the formation of atherosclerotic lesions (seafood is rich in iodine); Magnesium can improve myocardial excitability, which is beneficial to inhibit arrhythmia (magnesium content in green leafy vegetables is more abundant).

It is recommended to eat coarse grains and crude fiber foods to prevent constipation from adversely affecting the heart. Avoid: You should control the intake of heat energy food and don't make your body overweight.

Avoid eating too much animal fat and animal offal with high cholesterol. To control salt intake, it is best not to eat pickles, bean paste, sausages and bacon or eat less.

Avoid smoking and sex food. Hypotension should be: meat and vegetable collocation.

Longan, lotus seed, jujube, mulberry, etc. , has the function of strengthening the heart and brain, and should be eaten regularly to enhance physical fitness; For hypotension caused by blood loss and menorrhagia, we should pay attention to eating foods that provide hematopoietic raw materials, such as foods rich in protein, copper and iron-liver, fish, milk, eggs, beans and vegetables and fruits with high iron content, which will help correct anemia. Patients with hypotension should choose a diet high in sodium (salt should be 12- 15g per day) and cholesterol, such as animal brain.

3. I want to know about the prevention knowledge of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. What are the prevention knowledge?

Preventive measures for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases include: reasonable diet, moderate exercise, peace of mind, regular medication and regular physical examination.

A reasonable diet mainly refers to a low-salt and low-fat diet, with a daily limit of 6g of salt and more foods rich in vitamins, such as apples, oranges and bananas. And eat a proper amount of crude fiber food to improve the diet structure; Exercise needs to maintain a moderate intensity and persist for half an hour every day, such as running fast, swimming or badminton; People who are irritable, irritable and irritable will increase the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, so they need to keep a calm mind and should not be too angry, excited or sad; If it has caused high risk factors of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, etc. It needs regular medication for prevention and treatment. People with tobacco and alcohol hobbies need to quit smoking actively, and at the same time, they should work and rest reasonably to avoid staying up late.

4. What are the mild symptoms of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases?

There will be some minor symptoms in the early stage of cardiovascular disease, which are often minor illnesses and pains.

But it is these minor ailments and pains that become the signals of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. For example, angina pectoris of coronary heart disease, early pain is not obvious, sometimes chest tightness, breath holding, less exercise and feeling short of breath and breath holding will occur.

Sometimes accompanied by palpitations and violent heartbeat. When these symptoms appear regularly or frequently, you should go to the hospital for examination as soon as possible.

Moreover, some patients with angina pectoris who have been diagnosed with coronary heart disease will have atypical pain before the onset, such as headache, toothache, sore throat, shoulder pain, leg pain and back pain. Or manifested as gastrointestinal symptoms such as upper abdominal pain and discomfort, especially severe pain often accompanied by nausea and vomiting, which is easily misdiagnosed as acute gastroenteritis, acute cholecystitis, pancreatitis and so on.

Stroke is the same, there will be some small signs before the onset, such as one or both eyes being temporarily black or blurred, seeing things like ghosts or dizziness; Sudden numbness and weakness in the face or one limb, sometimes accompanied by muscle spasm; Sudden obstacle-free fall or unstable walking, etc. When similar minor problems happen, we must not take them lightly. You should see a doctor in time and seize the best treatment opportunity.