How to implement the long-term mechanism of rural environmental sanitation

With the development of rural economy and society and the improvement of farmers' living standards, the output of rural domestic garbage has increased rapidly, which not only directly affects the rural environmental sanitation and village appearance, but also intensifies the pollution of soil, water and air, which makes the rural environmental quality deteriorate continuously and directly affects the improvement of people's production and living conditions and the sustainable development of rural areas. Party committees and governments at all levels attach great importance to this. Since the launch of the new round of "30,000" activities on 20 12, rural garbage disposal has been an important content. Through a series of measures, the rural environmental sanitation situation has been significantly improved, but there are also problems that cannot be ignored. Taking Xiaogang Town 13 village as a sample, this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for establishing a long-term mechanism for rural environmental sanitation management.

First, the status of rural environmental sanitation governance

(1) The amount of domestic garbage generated is relatively large. According to the garbage removal capacity of 13 village for two months, the total daily output of solid waste is about 6 tons, and the total monthly output is about 180 tons. The total number of villagers in 13 villages is 2 10000, and each person produces 0.3 kg of solid waste every day. The types of garbage are mainly domestic garbage, organic garbage and some sandstone and construction garbage; Liquid pollution is mainly domestic sewage, which mainly flows into irrigation main canal or pond weir through drainage culvert and evaporates through natural dilution. The main sources of garbage are families, bazaars, some factories, dumping of passing vehicles and so on.

(3) The forms of garbage pollution are complex and diverse. Mainly manifested in: first, there is no sewage treatment pool in rural concentrated residential areas, and a large amount of sewage is discharged at will, seriously polluting rivers and groundwater sources; Second, the newly-built garbage ponds and garbage transfer stations have simple treatment of combustible garbage, and local burning causes secondary pollution to the air; Third, the rural non-point source pollution has not been controlled, and the "white pollution" caused by the extensive use of agricultural films is everywhere. The pollution of pesticides and fertilizers to soil and water sources is becoming more and more serious, and incineration is a serious pollution; Fourthly, the pollution of river ponds and weirs is becoming more and more serious. In many places, people regard river ponds and weir ponds as "natural garbage bins", dump landfill garbage into them, and then cover them with soil, turning dominant pollution into hidden pollution.

(three) the initial establishment of garbage removal network. In 13 villages, 47 garbage pools were built, equipped with 358 garbage bins, 17 trucks and 28 cleaners. The mode of "household collection, village collection and town transportation" is adopted, and the villagers focus on piling up garbage at fixed points, and centralized removal is carried out by the general branch or town. Solid waste is mainly treated by incineration and landfill.

Second, the constraints affecting rural environmental sanitation governance

(A) the planning of sanitation facilities lags behind. At present, there is no professional village health renovation plan. In the planning and construction of villages, practical problems in rural areas such as drainage, sewage discharge, greening, sundries stacking and livestock raising are generally not considered comprehensively. Without sewage treatment facilities, sewage is basically in a state of free discharge and littering. The layout of some facilities is unreasonable, such as public toilets and garbage pools. Many garbage pools are located along the expressway, and only the convenience of transshipment is considered, but the convenience of villagers is not considered.

(2) Insufficient investment in health funds. From the perspective of capital demand, the expenditure on environmental sanitation management mainly includes the salary of cleaning staff, garbage removal, garbage disposal, infrastructure construction and maintenance. At present, 13 village is equipped with 28 part-time cleaners, and each village pays 300 yuan/month -500 yuan/month according to the actual situation, and the cleaners need to pay 97,000 yuan. According to the current mode of garbage removal and treatment, the transportation and treatment costs are calculated as per ton 150 yuan, and the removal costs of 2 160 tons of garbage generated in 3 villages each year need 324,000 yuan. The investment in equipment and facilities such as garbage bins, garbage trucks and garbage pools is calculated by 5 yuan per person, with annual depreciation of 10%. 13 villages need to invest every year. 400 yuan is used for facility renovation (excluding new infrastructure investment). 13 villages, according to the current garbage removal mode, the annual cost totals 432,000 yuan. From the source of funds, it mainly consists of three parts: village self-financing, assistance from the "30,000" working group of the district finance bureau and subsidies from the town government. 300,000 yuan can be raised every year, including about 6.5438+0.5 million yuan raised at village level, about 6.5438+0-2 million yuan subsidized by town government, and about 6.5438+0.3 million yuan for "30,000" activities. 13 villages' annual funding gap for environmental governance130,000 yuan.

(3) The division of health responsibility is unclear. Located in Yongchang, Ai Hu, Baoyi, Zhonglian and other villages along Xiaobai Highway, markets, factories, construction sites and traffic arteries produce a lot of garbage, most of which are not generated by villagers in the village, and they still need to be cleaned up by local villages themselves. At the same time, there is also the phenomenon that the garbage generated outside the village is dumped into the roadside garbage pool. Villages along Xiaobai Highway have to undertake particularly heavy sanitation tasks. A large amount of construction waste and domestic waste are difficult to clean up, and the cost of garbage transfer is extremely high, which the village collective cannot afford.

(4) The garbage disposal method is simple. Incineration and landfill are mainly used, and there is no better solution at present. Due to the lack of financial resources in towns and villages, they often pay attention to the centralized transfer of village garbage along the main road, but it is difficult to take care of more remote villages. Centralized rectification has greatly improved the appearance of rural environmental sanitation, but it stays on the surface and looks "very neat". In fact, the transfer and transformation of pollutants are hidden, and the symptoms are not cured. From the single solid waste pollution in the past, it has become a situation in which solid waste is enriched in soil and cross-pollutes water and atmosphere.

Three. Suggestions on establishing and perfecting the long-term mechanism of rural environmental sanitation management

(a) to strengthen publicity and guidance, improve people's awareness of environmental health. First, it is necessary to further publicize the harm of garbage to human body and agricultural production and the importance of garbage classification and recycling by distributing brochures, hanging propaganda slogans and selecting ten-star civilized households, so that villagers can fully realize the importance and necessity of environmental protection and educate them to develop civilized and healthy living habits. The second is to guide villagers to consume green and use less or no disposable goods; Do a good job in the propaganda of garbage classification, apply science and technology to rural garbage treatment, realize the resource utilization and recycling of garbage treatment, and turn the garbage in the eyes of villagers into valuable and available resources; Classify, compost or incinerate degradable garbage, so that people can gradually know, understand and accept the harmless treatment of garbage. Third, regularly organize villagers to participate in centralized environmental sanitation rectification activities, and strive to create a good atmosphere for everyone to start work and participate; Establish an incentive mechanism for environmental sanitation civilized households and play a demonstration role.

(two) highlight the government's leadership, the establishment of sanitation funds guarantee mechanism. The problem of funds is the bottleneck restricting rural environmental sanitation renovation, which is related to the long-term success or failure of rural environmental sanitation renovation. Raise funds through multiple channels, increase investment, and establish a guarantee mechanism for garbage disposal funds. First, the rural environmental sanitation management funds will be included in the financial budgets at all levels, and the financial input and technical support for rural environmental protection will be increased year by year to ensure the establishment of a stable team of rural cleaning staff and the formation of a garbage removal and disposal network, or the garbage removal and disposal services will be outsourced to qualified professional social organizations in the form of government-purchased services, and the service fees will be paid after evaluation according to certain standards. The second is to expand funding channels, encourage social funds to participate in rural environmental sanitation management, and seek financial support from celebrities in villages. Third, actively explore the establishment of rural environmental sanitation compensation mechanism. According to the principle of "who develops and protects, who destroys and recovers, who benefits and who compensates", relevant policy documents such as the Measures for Charging Rural Garbage Disposal in Xiaonan District are formulated to raise some funds from business owners and rural residents such as enterprises, professional markets and gravel factories within their jurisdiction, clarify the responsibilities that garbage producers must bear for garbage disposal, establish corresponding punishment systems, and punish random dumping of garbage. Fourth, it is necessary to formulate preferential policies that are conducive to the comprehensive utilization of resources. Enterprises and individuals engaged in waste recycling can be given appropriate incentives to promote the rational utilization of rural renewable resources and promote the reduction, recycling and harmlessness of rural garbage.

(3) Strengthen organizational guarantee and establish an evaluation mechanism for environmental sanitation governance. First, we should thoroughly implement Scientific Outlook on Development, establish a correct outlook on political achievements, earnestly serve the people, formulate assessment methods for rural environmental sanitation improvement, form a quantitative assessment system, incorporate rural garbage management into the assessment scope of the target responsibility system for the tenure of township leading bodies, and implement a "one-vote veto" for those who are ineffective in their work. Second, at the district and township levels, it is necessary to strengthen organizational leadership, set up corresponding management agencies to be responsible for the organization and coordination of this work, put environmental sanitation management into the important agenda and work objectives, build a three-level environmental sanitation management system of the trinity of district, town and village, and form a horizontal and vertical responsibility network. Third, the district government should regularly and irregularly organize special classes or hire a third-party assessment agency to conduct spot checks on the environmental sanitation status of villages and towns, and give it to informed criticism when problems are found, so as to provide a strong organizational guarantee for rural garbage control.

(four) to strengthen scientific and technological support, promote the harmless treatment of garbage. Rural environmental sanitation management is a systematic project and procedural work, which is based on the attention and organization and leadership of the Party committee and government, on the basis of improving the environmental sanitation awareness of cadres and the masses, and with garbage removal as the intermediate link. The ultimate goal is how to deal with garbage. There will be endless problems after simple incineration or landfill. It is suggested that the district party committee and government should introduce advanced technology, invest in building a modern large-scale garbage disposal site, concentrate on digesting and treating the garbage in the whole region, turn waste into treasure, and minimize the pollution of garbage disposal to soil, water source and atmosphere.