What are the characteristics of Gao Tai hemp fire?

Abstract: Gao Tai Mashe Fire is a traditional folk custom of offering sacrifices to gods. It is held on the ninth day of the first month of each year, including stilts, carts, donkeys, floats, yangko teams, floats, waist drum teams, etc., involving performances, modeling, language, painting, handcrafting and other artistic types. Ma Shehuo, as its name implies, is a social fire performed on horseback. It is a traditional folk culture and art form created by people in Liupanshan area with the help of animal power according to the topography, geographical characteristics and conditions of their residence. Originated from Shaanxi opera, it is a kind of drama that only performs but does not sing. But those roles can't be played by anyone who wants to play, and they also need some real kung fu. Next, this article will introduce the characteristics and inheritance of Gao Tai Mashe Fire. Let's have a look! Among the folk social fires in northwest China, Gaotai social fire, also known as pavilion, high core or pavilion, is a static plastic art; Ma Shehuo is a performance in which people dress up and ride horses according to the characteristics of mountainous terrain, both of which are the highlights of folk social fire performances. The "Gao Tai Mashe Fire" in Longde County is a combination of two dressing forms, that is, the elements of Mashe Fire appear on the Gao Tai, which makes Gao Tai, whose main performance content is literature and drama, begin to have martial arts performance elements. In the local area, Gao Tai Mashe Fire and Gao Tai Mashe Fire formed on this basis are collectively called "Gao Tai Mashe Fire". Because Gao Tai Mashe Fire is a combination of Gao Tai Mashe Fire and Mashe Fire, combing the historical development of Gao Tai Mashe Fire is also a longitudinal combing of the development and evolution of Gao Tai Mashe Fire and Mashe Fire. The first section is the origin and development of social fire in Gao Tai, Longde County. Gao Tai social fire is a kind of social fire that is dressed and performed on the modeling support held on the platform. Generally, one or more iron bars are welded on the car, and some fake branches and flowers are decorated around the iron bars or iron bars, which are decorated into various shapes according to the plot; Make a pair of T-shaped iron ears at the proper position of the iron, and make an iron waist tag at the waist-high position. The actors stood on the iron ears, and the iron waist tag grabbed the waist and tied it firmly. The little actors are wearing costumes, and the poles of the pavilion, some accessories and the real hands and feet of the actors are hidden in sleeves and pants. The foot standing on the branch is a fake foot, and the hand holding the prop is also a welded fake hand, so as to achieve the effect of confusing the fake with the real. Seen from below or from a distance, it seems that people are hanging in the air. The high platform is only moved or shaped by the actors during the journey. Because the car is high and the bracket is thin, the characters are superimposed in the air, the modeling is thrilling and the skills are exquisite, and the little actors are swaying in the air, which is thrilling and spectacular. Gao Tai is a comprehensive high-altitude plastic arts integrating drama story, decoration, painting, paper binding, forging iron and machinery, which belongs to visual arts and pantomime arts. As a comprehensive folk art form, Gao Tai is a wonderful flower in the grand view garden of folk art, which integrates costume, makeup, decoration and performance skills, and has the characteristics of beautiful modeling, color, decoration and craftsmanship.

One. performance

Ma Shehuo, as its name implies, is a social fire performed on horseback. It is a traditional folk culture and art form created by people in Liupanshan area with the help of animal power according to the topography, geographical characteristics and conditions of their residence. Originated from Shaanxi opera, it is a kind of drama that only performs but does not sing. But those roles can't be played by anyone who wants to play, and they also need some real kung fu. Performers must know the content of the drama and be able to ride horses. According to the characters in the play, they wear traditional theatrical costumes and dress up as various dramatic characters to ride on horses. During the performance, the performer stood on the horse with both feet, holding knives, spears, swords, halberds and other props and posing in various postures.

2. Features

The contents of Gao Tai Mashe Fire Show are all costume dramas, and the actors usually play the most wonderful roles in the drama. For example, in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, such heroic stories as "Guan Yu protects the emperor's wife", "Guan Yu goes to the meeting alone" and "Three Marriages in Taoyuan", as well as "Silingguan", "Guanyin scattering nectar" and "Liu Hai scattering money" symbolizing peace and auspiciousness.

Three. heritage

68-year-old Liang Erdun was born in Wangzhuang Village, Heshan Town, Longde County, a family of Shaanxi opera and social fire. Now he is the inheritor of Gao Tai Mashehuo Autonomous Region, a national intangible cultural heritage protection project. Gao Tai Mashe Fire is the most representative inheritance project in Lund. Because of its rich folk culture connotation, outstanding local characteristics and well-preserved inheritance, it is known as the "living fossil" of folk art in Liupanshan District, and was listed in the national intangible cultural heritage protection list in 2008. Wangzhuang Village of Heshan Town is the most important inheritance base for the protection and inheritance of Mashe fire in Gao Tai, Longde. In 2009, it was named "Gao Tai Mashe Fire Town" by the autonomous region, and Gao Tai Mashe Fire Heritage Base in Wangzhuang Village was listed as a national heritage base. In 20 10, Liang Erdun was recognized as the representative inheritor of this project at the autonomous region level.

1. She has been a socialite since her ancestors.

The social fire in Lund can be traced back to the Yuan and Ming Dynasties. Gao Tai Mashe Fire is a comprehensive art of Mashe Fire and Gao Tai Mashe Fire, which originated from ancient customs and festivals. Since the Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, Gao Tai Mashehuo has become a family-based folk troupe, which integrates Shaanxi opera, shadow play, Gao Tai Mashehuo and folk art, and has performed abroad. My grandfather is an old social fire artist. He passed on the skills of playing social games to my father. Influenced by my family, I loved Shaanxi Opera and Gao Tai Mashe fire art since I was a child, and studied the makeup and production art of Gao Tai Mashe fire with my father. The earliest Gao Tai Shehuo and Ma Shehuo were separated. Ma Shehuo originated from Qin Opera and took the plot of Qin Opera as its theme. She performs, makes up and dresses up as various drama roles. Everyone rides a horse and performs in a fixed posture with weapons or other props. Gao Tai social fire is the development and innovation of Ma social fire, with diversified costumes and scene modeling, and the performance theme has expanded from the plot of Shaanxi opera to historical allusions and folklore.

2. The manifestation of social fire keeps pace with the times.

I remember in the 1960s and 1970s, people's lives were more difficult. Gao Tai Marshall's costume is not as good as it is now. I made a high platform with a stone mill or a stone mill, inserted a wooden stick in the cave, and then fixed the dressed children on the wooden stick. More than 20 young and middle-aged villagers carried them around the village. Walking more than ten kilometers a day, the social fire has passed and the young people's shoulders are red and swollen.

In 1980s, Gao Tai Mashe Fire also made great progress in decoration and technology.

On the basis of mastering the choreography, design, stage performance, facial makeup and production techniques of Shaanxi Opera, I collected and sorted out the production methods of folk primitive Gao Tai Mashe Fire in many ways, and studied classic works such as "The List of Gods", "The Romance of Sui and Tang Dynasties" and "The Romance of Three Kingdoms" to enrich the creative theme of Gao Tai Mashe Fire and enhance its artistic appeal.

In the design of taking fire from the high platform, I used modern steel and welding technology, combined modern decorative materials with folk crafts, put a disc in the tractor compartment, installed balls and gears, erected an iron bar, and used the mechanical principle to toggle the disc to make the iron bar rotate and rise and fall, and developed the original fixed mode into a movable high platform integrating stretching, descending, rotating, spraying and spraying, and integrating painting, embroidery and paper-cutting. During the performance, people hold props and make various performance postures, which are both acrobatic and beautiful.

While inheriting the traditional folk painting method of social fire facial makeup, I absorbed Shaanxi opera and social fire facial makeup from Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and other places, and designed a number of social fire facial makeup with distinctive personality according to the characters and themes.

3. Ancient towns breed social fire culture.

Heshan Town, Longde County, where my hometown Wangzhuang Village is located, has been located in the three major river basins of Ganwei River, Zhuanglang River and Shuiluo River since ancient times. This is a professional trading center for mountain products and Chinese herbal medicines, with a superior geographical position and a large volume of commodity transactions. The culture of social fire here is profound, and it is the traditional custom of Wangzhuang Village to fight the social fire of Gaotai Horse. On the ninth day of the first month of every year, the community fire party near the village will hold a celebration here, and all units and shops will warmly receive it.

The entrance of the theater is opposite to the entrance of the temple, which is a traditional custom in Liupanshan area. The theater sings for the gods, and the social fire plays to welcome them. Since ancient times, villagers have followed the custom of rehearsing Shaanxi Opera performances and planning to dress up the Gao Tai Mashe Fire, so as to perform Shaanxi Opera in the village on the fourth day of the first month, meet the gods in the village on the ninth day of the first month, and participate in the annual Heshan Town Kaiji Shehuo Exhibition.

It is a custom in the village to worship gods and grab incense on New Year's Eve. Every year on New Year's Eve, the villagers have to make sacrifices to the gods at zero. Every New Year's Eve, I will go to a foreign village to perform a social fire. Before the social fire begins, I will offer sacrifices to the gods, play social fire in my village and offer sacrifices in the temples in the village.

Playing social fire in the first month is a traditional "program"

The fire in Gao Tai Mashe originated from sacrificial rites and flourished in the Shaanxi opera. If you can't sing Shaanxi opera, you are not a social fire figure in the pure sense. Wangzhuang village still retains the custom of singing Shaanxi opera in the first month and in the spring drought. To learn Gao Tai Mashe Fire, you must first learn Facebook; To learn Facebook, you must first learn the four spirits.

Every year in December of the lunar calendar, I begin to make models of high platforms. On the first day of the first month, the villagers began to play with community fires, and collectively hung red lanterns in front of the temple to welcome them.

I will personally participate in putting up couplets and worshipping "God" on New Year's Eve. As the leader of Shaanxi Opera in the village and the person in charge of social fire, I have always adhered to the tradition, organizing and guiding the villagers every year, rehearsing Shaanxi Opera in winter, researching and screening the theme of Ma Shehuo, making social fire props, and starting to dress up social fire.

Shaanxi Opera and Shehuo are a big family. Every year, in order to participate in the county-wide social fire exhibition, the villagers have to take the animals used for social fire to the county seat near 17 km, rain or shine. If the son is an "actor", then the "service" of parents should also keep up. This is how the social fire culture in our village was formed and passed down to this day. Everyone needs to take part in the Gao Tai Shehuo performance. Before a social fire actor "hits his face", he must shave his forehead, so that his face is standard.

5. Old stories have new charm.

Last year, I directed the story of Ma Shehuo on the Lantern Festival called Xue Dong's Crushing of the Motianling. The story happened in the early Tang Dynasty, when Gai Suwen of Goguryeo rebelled, made a personal expedition, and sent Xue, a wise minister, as commander-in-chief, to outsmart the Motianling and defeat Gai Suwen. I further condensed the faces, clothes and other shapes of the characters, and found that the traitors played by Gai Suwen were all strange, fierce and ugly, dressed strangely, reflecting rebellion and evil; Most Tang generals, mainly Xue Guiren, are orthodox, brave and handsome, and their clean faces and red faces symbolize loyalty. The characters are exaggerated and bold, and the makeup on their faces is exquisite, which reflects the strong contrast between justice and evil, loyalty and treachery, and conveys the mainstream values to the audience.

6. Pass on all your skills to your son

Gao Tai's Ma Shehuo focuses on magnificent performances. I broke the tradition that the fire list of Mashe was ranked in the queue for thousands of years, and adopted a double queue with parallel sides, which made the scene of Mashe fire more grand and magnificent, and the positive and negative contrast was more intense.

The actors of Gao Tai Mashehuo are the main body of social fire modeling and the main carrier to convey the content of the story. The facial makeup of social fire is the key factor and essence that affects the appreciation and expression of social fire in Gao Tai. I choose actors from many aspects, such as their faces, personality images and so on. On the basis of traditional facial makeup, I boldly use different patterns and colors to express them, highlighting the loyalty, goodness, evil, beauty and ugliness of characters and their personality characteristics, striving to express the role image to the greatest extent and give the audience a visual shock. With the development of agricultural modernization, livestock will gradually withdraw from agricultural production and rural areas, and the carrier on which Ma Shehuo depends will gradually disappear. I have passed on all my skills of Jockey Club Fire to my son, hoping that the Jockey Club Fire in Gao Tai can be passed down all the time.

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